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'''Det frivillige Skyttervesen''' ('''DFS''') ({{Literal translation|The Voluntary Shooters Association}}), known in English as the '''National Rifle Association of Norway''',<ref>[https://app.uio.no/ub/ujur/oversatte-lover/data/lov-19530717-028-eng.pdf The Home Guard Act of 17 July 1953 with subsequent amendments up to 31 December 1991] page 3: "The National Rifle Association of Norway"</ref><ref name="Solberg Berglund Engen Ekeberg 1996 pp. 342–346">{{cite journal |last=Solberg |first=E E |last2=Berglund |first2=K A |last3=Engen |first3=O |last4=Ekeberg |first4=O |last5=Loeb |first5=M |title=The effect of meditation on shooting performance. |journal=British Journal of Sports Medicine |volume=30 |issue=4 |date=1 December 1996 |issn=0306-3674 |pmid=9015599 |doi=10.1136/bjsm.30.4.342 |pages=342–346 |url=https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/30/4/342 |access-date=8 June 2021 |quote=Elite shooters were openly invited from - for practical reasons - five shooting clubs deliberately chosen from the Oslo area. Being an inclusion criterion, all the shooters had performed above 236 (of a maximum 250) points in a standard programme of the National Rifle Association of Norway (NRAN)...}}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140810080606/http://www.skytterlag3.no/en/ DFS web page per 10 August 2014] in English: "The National Rifle Association of Norway was instituted by the Parliament in 1893, and consists today of 900 rifle clubs with 160 000 active shooters. The Constitution was, and has since been, as follows: "The National Rifle Association's goal is to promote marksmanship throughout the Norwegian population and thus prepare the population for National Defence". ... The National Rifle Association is also conducting a widespread recruiting effort to engage new members into its organization. About 20 000 of its members are between 12 and 18 year of age. The clubs are also heavily engaged in the training of hunters to become better marksmen. About 70 000 hunters pass the compulsory annual test, organized by the National Rifle Association Clubs, before they are licensed to hunt big game like Moose, Reindeer and Deer."</ref><ref>[https://www.regjeringen.no/globalassets/upload/fd/dokumenter/fakta2008_eng.pdf Norwegian Defence 2008 by The Royal Norwegian Ministry of Defence] page 31: "The National Rifle Association of Norway was established in 1893 with the objective of fostering practical shooting skills among the Norwegian people in case such skills should be needed in the cause of national defence."</ref><ref name="FFI Publikasjoner 2018">{{cite web |title=Støy fra rifle : følsomhet for variasjon av kaliber, løpslengde og kulevekt |website=FFI Publikasjoner |date=15 November 2018 |url=https://publications.ffi.no/en/item/stoy-fra-rifle-folsomhet-for-variasjon-av-kaliber-lopslengde-og-kulevekt |language=no |access-date=8 June 2021 |quote=One motivation for this study was a contact we had some years ago with The National Rifle Association of Norway.}}</ref><ref>[https://www.nonproliferation.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Report_Armed_to_kill_web.pdf Duquet, Nils. (2016). Armed to kill: An exploratory analysis of the guns used in public mass shootings in Europe.] page 20: "In his licence application for this pistol he indicated that he was a member of the Oslo Pistol Club, that he intended to participate in the NAIS training programme of the National Rifle Association of Norway (for which he could use this type of pistol) and that in the future he might want to participate in shooting competitions."</ref><ref>[https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/25262/master.pdf Ruud, Merete. (2010). Translation and war: Steinbeck’s The moon is down and Natt uten måne.] page 16: A "skytterstevne", though for many practical purposes the same as a "skytekonkurranse", calls up institutions like Det frivillige Skyttervesen (The National Rifle Association of Norway), whose current homepage describes its history and aim as follows: {{Blockquote|The National Rifle Association of Norway was instituted by the Parliament in 1893, and consists today of 900 rifleclubs with 160 000 active shooters. The Constitution was, and has since been, as follows: "The National Rifle Association's goal is to promote marksmanship throughout the Norwegian population and thus prepare the population for National Defence".<br />The organization receives support from the Government for its activities through the annual Defence Budget. DFS and the Rifle Clubs cooperate closely with the Home Guard regarding training of marksmen and education of instructors. The organisation arranges every year a national competition gathering about 5000 competitors. The Armed Forces play a vital support function in this annual event.}}</ref><ref>NRAN – National Rifle Association of Norway, member of the World Forum on Shooting Activities (WFSA)</ref> and by DFS themselves as the '''Norwegian Civilian Marksmanship Association''' since 2020,<ref name="dfs.no-english">{{cite web |title=The Norwegian Civilian Marksmanship Association |website=dfs.no |url=https://www.dfs.no/english |access-date=8 June 2021}}</ref> is a civilian marksmanship association in Norway and the largest [[shooting sport]] organization in [[Norway]]. It was created in 1893 by Norway's [[Storting]] to promote practical shooting skills within the Norwegian people, thereby empowering the national defence.<ref name="Sannidal og Skåtøys bygdeboknemnd 1949">{{cite book |author=Sannidal og Skåtøys bygdeboknemnd |title=Fellesbindet |publisher=Naper |series=Sannidal og Skȧtøy: ei bygdebok |year=1949 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FewnAQAAMAAJ |language=de |access-date=17 April 2019 |page=448 |quote=Det frivillige skyttervesen. I 1893 vedtok Stortinget en nyskipnad for skytterorganisasjonen, Det Frivillige Skyttervæsen, som avløste de to tidligere organisasjoner.}}</ref> DFS is sponsored by the Norwegian parliament and receives annually about 30 million [[Norwegian krone]]s to fulfil their purpose.<ref name="dfs.no">{{Cite web |url=https://www.dfs.no/om-dfs/dfs/ |title=Hva er Det frivillige Skyttervesen? - dfs.no |website=www.dfs.no |language=no |access-date=2018-11-22}}</ref> DFS collaborates with various departments in the [[Norwegian Armed Forces]] by educating shooting instructors.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.dfs.no/forsvaret/eks-tidl-kurs-forsvaret/harens-styrker/ |title=DFS med fokus på fremtidens befal – dfs.no |website=www.dfs.no |language=no |access-date=2018-11-22}}</ref> They also lend their shooting ranges for free to the Norwegian [[Home Guard (Norway)|Home Guard]].<ref name="Regjeringen.no">[https://www.regjeringen.no/no/dokumenter/Norwegian-Defence-2004---Chapter-14/id419459/ Norwegian Government Documents, Handbooks and brochures – Norwegian Defence 2004 – Chapter 14] "The National Rifle Association of Norway was established in 1893 with the objective of fostering practical shooting skills among the Norwegian people in case such skills should be needed in the cause of national defence."</ref> DFS is under the patronage of [[Harald V of Norway]].<ref>[https://www.kongehuset.no/artikkel.html?tid=28735 Organisations under the patronage of HM The King – kongehuset.no]</ref>
'''Det frivillige Skyttervesen''' ('''DFS''') ({{Literal translation|The Voluntary Shooters Association}}), known in English as the '''National Rifle Association of Norway''',<ref>[https://app.uio.no/ub/ujur/oversatte-lover/data/lov-19530717-028-eng.pdf The Home Guard Act of 17 July 1953 with subsequent amendments up to 31 December 1991] page 3: "The National Rifle Association of Norway"</ref><ref name="Solberg Berglund Engen Ekeberg 1996 pp. 342–346">{{cite journal |last=Solberg |first=E E |last2=Berglund |first2=K A |last3=Engen |first3=O |last4=Ekeberg |first4=O |last5=Loeb |first5=M |title=The effect of meditation on shooting performance. |journal=British Journal of Sports Medicine |volume=30 |issue=4 |date=1 December 1996 |issn=0306-3674 |pmid=9015599 |doi=10.1136/bjsm.30.4.342 |pages=342–346 |url=https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/30/4/342 |access-date=8 June 2021 |quote=Elite shooters were openly invited from - for practical reasons - five shooting clubs deliberately chosen from the Oslo area. Being an inclusion criterion, all the shooters had performed above 236 (of a maximum 250) points in a standard programme of the National Rifle Association of Norway (NRAN)...|pmc=1332422 }}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140810080606/http://www.skytterlag3.no/en/ DFS web page per 10 August 2014] in English: "The National Rifle Association of Norway was instituted by the Parliament in 1893, and consists today of 900 rifle clubs with 160 000 active shooters. The Constitution was, and has since been, as follows: "The National Rifle Association's goal is to promote marksmanship throughout the Norwegian population and thus prepare the population for National Defence". ... The National Rifle Association is also conducting a widespread recruiting effort to engage new members into its organization. About 20 000 of its members are between 12 and 18 year of age. The clubs are also heavily engaged in the training of hunters to become better marksmen. About 70 000 hunters pass the compulsory annual test, organized by the National Rifle Association Clubs, before they are licensed to hunt big game like Moose, Reindeer and Deer."</ref><ref>[https://www.regjeringen.no/globalassets/upload/fd/dokumenter/fakta2008_eng.pdf Norwegian Defence 2008 by The Royal Norwegian Ministry of Defence] page 31: "The National Rifle Association of Norway was established in 1893 with the objective of fostering practical shooting skills among the Norwegian people in case such skills should be needed in the cause of national defence."</ref><ref name="FFI Publikasjoner 2018">{{cite web |title=Støy fra rifle : følsomhet for variasjon av kaliber, løpslengde og kulevekt |website=FFI Publikasjoner |date=15 November 2018 |url=https://publications.ffi.no/en/item/stoy-fra-rifle-folsomhet-for-variasjon-av-kaliber-lopslengde-og-kulevekt |language=no |access-date=8 June 2021 |quote=One motivation for this study was a contact we had some years ago with The National Rifle Association of Norway.}}</ref><ref>[https://www.nonproliferation.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Report_Armed_to_kill_web.pdf Duquet, Nils. (2016). Armed to kill: An exploratory analysis of the guns used in public mass shootings in Europe.] page 20: "In his licence application for this pistol he indicated that he was a member of the Oslo Pistol Club, that he intended to participate in the NAIS training programme of the National Rifle Association of Norway (for which he could use this type of pistol) and that in the future he might want to participate in shooting competitions."</ref><ref>[https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/25262/master.pdf Ruud, Merete. (2010). Translation and war: Steinbeck’s The moon is down and Natt uten måne.] page 16: A "skytterstevne", though for many practical purposes the same as a "skytekonkurranse", calls up institutions like Det frivillige Skyttervesen (The National Rifle Association of Norway), whose current homepage describes its history and aim as follows: {{Blockquote|The National Rifle Association of Norway was instituted by the Parliament in 1893, and consists today of 900 rifleclubs with 160 000 active shooters. The Constitution was, and has since been, as follows: "The National Rifle Association's goal is to promote marksmanship throughout the Norwegian population and thus prepare the population for National Defence".<br />The organization receives support from the Government for its activities through the annual Defence Budget. DFS and the Rifle Clubs cooperate closely with the Home Guard regarding training of marksmen and education of instructors. The organisation arranges every year a national competition gathering about 5000 competitors. The Armed Forces play a vital support function in this annual event.}}</ref><ref>NRAN – National Rifle Association of Norway, member of the World Forum on Shooting Activities (WFSA)</ref> and by DFS themselves as the '''Norwegian Civilian Marksmanship Association''' since 2020,<ref name="dfs.no-english">{{cite web |title=The Norwegian Civilian Marksmanship Association |website=dfs.no |url=https://www.dfs.no/english |access-date=8 June 2021}}</ref> is a civilian marksmanship association in Norway and the largest [[shooting sport]] organization in [[Norway]]. It was created in 1893 by Norway's [[Storting]] to promote practical shooting skills within the Norwegian people, thereby empowering the national defence.<ref name="Sannidal og Skåtøys bygdeboknemnd 1949">{{cite book |author=Sannidal og Skåtøys bygdeboknemnd |title=Fellesbindet |publisher=Naper |series=Sannidal og Skȧtøy: ei bygdebok |year=1949 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FewnAQAAMAAJ |language=de |access-date=17 April 2019 |page=448 |quote=Det frivillige skyttervesen. I 1893 vedtok Stortinget en nyskipnad for skytterorganisasjonen, Det Frivillige Skyttervæsen, som avløste de to tidligere organisasjoner.}}</ref> DFS is sponsored by the Norwegian parliament and receives annually about 30 million [[Norwegian krone]]s to fulfil their purpose.<ref name="dfs.no">{{Cite web |url=https://www.dfs.no/om-dfs/dfs/ |title=Hva er Det frivillige Skyttervesen? - dfs.no |website=www.dfs.no |language=no |access-date=2018-11-22}}</ref> DFS collaborates with various departments in the [[Norwegian Armed Forces]] by educating shooting instructors.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.dfs.no/forsvaret/eks-tidl-kurs-forsvaret/harens-styrker/ |title=DFS med fokus på fremtidens befal – dfs.no |website=www.dfs.no |language=no |access-date=2018-11-22}}</ref> They also lend their shooting ranges for free to the Norwegian [[Home Guard (Norway)|Home Guard]].<ref name="Regjeringen.no">[https://www.regjeringen.no/no/dokumenter/Norwegian-Defence-2004---Chapter-14/id419459/ Norwegian Government Documents, Handbooks and brochures – Norwegian Defence 2004 – Chapter 14] "The National Rifle Association of Norway was established in 1893 with the objective of fostering practical shooting skills among the Norwegian people in case such skills should be needed in the cause of national defence."</ref> DFS is under the patronage of [[Harald V of Norway]].<ref>[https://www.kongehuset.no/artikkel.html?tid=28735 Organisations under the patronage of HM The King – kongehuset.no]</ref>


DFS organizes over 750 shooting clubs all over Norway and had in 2017 approximately 138.000 members.<ref name="dfs.no" /> This makes it one of the largest sports organizations in Norway.
DFS organizes over 750 shooting clubs all over Norway and had in 2017 approximately 138,000 members.<ref name="dfs.no" /> This makes it one of the largest sports organizations in Norway.


The [[6.5×55mm Swedish|6.5×55mm]] cartridge has been the main standard cartridge in the organization for more than 120 years.<ref>[http://www.mynewsdesk.com/no/nammo/blog_posts/how-one-of-our-oldest-products-live-on-through-norwegian-sports-shooters-60249 How one of our oldest products lives on through Norwegian sports shooters – Nammo]</ref> The current main standard rifle is the [[Sig Sauer 200 STR]] in 6.5×55mm and [[.22 LR]], and before that [[Krag–Jørgensen]] and various Mauser variants (i.e. [[Mauser M67|M67]], [[Mauser M59|M59]] and [[Karabiner 98k|K98k]] "Heimeverns-Mauser") were used.
The [[6.5×55mm Swedish|6.5×55mm]] cartridge has been the main standard cartridge in the organization for more than 120 years.<ref>[http://www.mynewsdesk.com/no/nammo/blog_posts/how-one-of-our-oldest-products-live-on-through-norwegian-sports-shooters-60249 How one of our oldest products lives on through Norwegian sports shooters – Nammo]</ref> The current main standard rifle is the [[SIG Sauer 200 STR]] in 6.5×55mm and [[.22 LR]], and before that [[Krag–Jørgensen]] and various Mauser variants (i.e. [[Mauser M67|M67]], [[Mauser M59|M59]] and [[Karabiner 98k|K98k]] "Heimeverns-Mauser") were used.


Det frivillige Skyttervesen can be compared to the American [[Civilian Marksmanship Program]].
Det frivillige Skyttervesen can be compared to the American [[Civilian Marksmanship Program]].

Latest revision as of 22:54, 26 September 2024

National Rifle Association of Norway
Norwegian Civilian Marksmanship Association
Det frivillige Skyttervesen
AbbreviationDFS
PredecessorFolkevæpningssamlagene and shooting clubs in the Centralforeningen
Formation1 July 1893 (1893-07-01)
Registration no.943 942 102[1]
HeadquartersOslo
Region
Norway
Jarle Tvinnereim
Bernt Brovold
Parent organization
The Norwegian Storting
Websitedfs.no

Det frivillige Skyttervesen (DFS) (lit. 'The Voluntary Shooters Association'), known in English as the National Rifle Association of Norway,[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] and by DFS themselves as the Norwegian Civilian Marksmanship Association since 2020,[10] is a civilian marksmanship association in Norway and the largest shooting sport organization in Norway. It was created in 1893 by Norway's Storting to promote practical shooting skills within the Norwegian people, thereby empowering the national defence.[11] DFS is sponsored by the Norwegian parliament and receives annually about 30 million Norwegian krones to fulfil their purpose.[12] DFS collaborates with various departments in the Norwegian Armed Forces by educating shooting instructors.[13] They also lend their shooting ranges for free to the Norwegian Home Guard.[14] DFS is under the patronage of Harald V of Norway.[15]

DFS organizes over 750 shooting clubs all over Norway and had in 2017 approximately 138,000 members.[12] This makes it one of the largest sports organizations in Norway.

The 6.5×55mm cartridge has been the main standard cartridge in the organization for more than 120 years.[16] The current main standard rifle is the SIG Sauer 200 STR in 6.5×55mm and .22 LR, and before that Krag–Jørgensen and various Mauser variants (i.e. M67, M59 and K98k "Heimeverns-Mauser") were used.

Det frivillige Skyttervesen can be compared to the American Civilian Marksmanship Program.

History

[edit]

Shooting sports in Norway can be traced back to Det bergenske Skydeselskab (Bergen Shooting Club) which was founded in 1769.

During the 1800s, the defense oriented shooting movement began, and in 1861 this form of shooting was gathered under the Centralforeningen for Udbrædelse af Legemsøvelser og Vaabenbrug (later The Norwegian Confederation of Sports). In 1882, the shooting sports in Norway was split with the founding of the Folkevæpningssamlags as a competing organisation to Centralforeningen.

In 1893, the Norwegian Civilian Marksmanship Association (Det frivillige Skyttervesen) was founded, with all the shooting clubs in the Centralforeningen and Folkevæpningssamlags being gathered under one organisation with the goal to strengthen Norway's defense capabilities, especially by training the people in shooting and by ensuring that modern firearms became widespread.[17]

Mission statement

[edit]

The mission of Det frivillige Skyttervesen is to promote a healthy gun culture and marksmanship skills, as well as to secure a decentralization of shooting ranges, for the benefit of the Norwegian Armed Forces and the Norwegian society.[12]

Competitions

[edit]

DFS competitions are only shot with rifles, and the competition formats are the following.

  • Bullseye shooting (baneskyting), the most popular discipline in DFS with some similarities to NRA High power. Shot at a 10 ring target at the distances of 100 m for juniors and veterans, and 200–300 m for seniors.
  • Field shooting (feltskyting), a long range shooting discipline arranged outside in the terrain in the winter. Targets are scored either hit, inner hit or miss. Juniors and veterans shoot at 100 m, while seniors shoot at varying unknown distances up to 600 m.
  • Field rapid shooting (felthurtigskyting) is a speed shooting event where the shooter has to engage three different targets placed at different unknown distances with one shot each in the shortest time possible.
  • Small-bore shooting indoor at 15 m for all classes with .22 lr rifles at a 10 ring target, popular in the winter.
  • Nordic field biathlon skifeltskyting), a form of biathlon in the winter with skiing and shooting.
  • Nordic shooting with cross-country running (skogsløp or springskytte), a form of biathlon in the summer with running and shooting.
  • Stang shooting (stangskyting), a speed shooting competition where the shooter has two periods of 25 seconds to get as many hits as possible on a target at an unknown distance, with an unlimited number of rounds. Stang shooting is named after Georg Stang, a previous Norwegian Minister of Defence.

Landsskytterstevnet

[edit]

Every year, the National Championship Landsskytterstevnet is held in different cities in Norway. The event has between 4000 and 6000 participants and is shown on national television. Landsskytterstevnet is one of the largest sporting events in Norway.

See also

[edit]

Other shooting sport organizations in Norway

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Key organization information – Brønnøysund Register Centre
  2. ^ The Home Guard Act of 17 July 1953 with subsequent amendments up to 31 December 1991 page 3: "The National Rifle Association of Norway"
  3. ^ Solberg, E E; Berglund, K A; Engen, O; Ekeberg, O; Loeb, M (1 December 1996). "The effect of meditation on shooting performance". British Journal of Sports Medicine. 30 (4): 342–346. doi:10.1136/bjsm.30.4.342. ISSN 0306-3674. PMC 1332422. PMID 9015599. Retrieved 8 June 2021. Elite shooters were openly invited from - for practical reasons - five shooting clubs deliberately chosen from the Oslo area. Being an inclusion criterion, all the shooters had performed above 236 (of a maximum 250) points in a standard programme of the National Rifle Association of Norway (NRAN)...
  4. ^ DFS web page per 10 August 2014 in English: "The National Rifle Association of Norway was instituted by the Parliament in 1893, and consists today of 900 rifle clubs with 160 000 active shooters. The Constitution was, and has since been, as follows: "The National Rifle Association's goal is to promote marksmanship throughout the Norwegian population and thus prepare the population for National Defence". ... The National Rifle Association is also conducting a widespread recruiting effort to engage new members into its organization. About 20 000 of its members are between 12 and 18 year of age. The clubs are also heavily engaged in the training of hunters to become better marksmen. About 70 000 hunters pass the compulsory annual test, organized by the National Rifle Association Clubs, before they are licensed to hunt big game like Moose, Reindeer and Deer."
  5. ^ Norwegian Defence 2008 by The Royal Norwegian Ministry of Defence page 31: "The National Rifle Association of Norway was established in 1893 with the objective of fostering practical shooting skills among the Norwegian people in case such skills should be needed in the cause of national defence."
  6. ^ "Støy fra rifle : følsomhet for variasjon av kaliber, løpslengde og kulevekt". FFI Publikasjoner (in Norwegian). 15 November 2018. Retrieved 8 June 2021. One motivation for this study was a contact we had some years ago with The National Rifle Association of Norway.
  7. ^ Duquet, Nils. (2016). Armed to kill: An exploratory analysis of the guns used in public mass shootings in Europe. page 20: "In his licence application for this pistol he indicated that he was a member of the Oslo Pistol Club, that he intended to participate in the NAIS training programme of the National Rifle Association of Norway (for which he could use this type of pistol) and that in the future he might want to participate in shooting competitions."
  8. ^ Ruud, Merete. (2010). Translation and war: Steinbeck’s The moon is down and Natt uten måne. page 16: A "skytterstevne", though for many practical purposes the same as a "skytekonkurranse", calls up institutions like Det frivillige Skyttervesen (The National Rifle Association of Norway), whose current homepage describes its history and aim as follows:

    The National Rifle Association of Norway was instituted by the Parliament in 1893, and consists today of 900 rifleclubs with 160 000 active shooters. The Constitution was, and has since been, as follows: "The National Rifle Association's goal is to promote marksmanship throughout the Norwegian population and thus prepare the population for National Defence".
    The organization receives support from the Government for its activities through the annual Defence Budget. DFS and the Rifle Clubs cooperate closely with the Home Guard regarding training of marksmen and education of instructors. The organisation arranges every year a national competition gathering about 5000 competitors. The Armed Forces play a vital support function in this annual event.
  9. ^ NRAN – National Rifle Association of Norway, member of the World Forum on Shooting Activities (WFSA)
  10. ^ "The Norwegian Civilian Marksmanship Association". dfs.no. Retrieved 8 June 2021.
  11. ^ Sannidal og Skåtøys bygdeboknemnd (1949). Fellesbindet. Sannidal og Skȧtøy: ei bygdebok (in German). Naper. p. 448. Retrieved 17 April 2019. Det frivillige skyttervesen. I 1893 vedtok Stortinget en nyskipnad for skytterorganisasjonen, Det Frivillige Skyttervæsen, som avløste de to tidligere organisasjoner.
  12. ^ a b c "Hva er Det frivillige Skyttervesen? - dfs.no". www.dfs.no (in Norwegian). Retrieved 2018-11-22.
  13. ^ "DFS med fokus på fremtidens befal – dfs.no". www.dfs.no (in Norwegian). Retrieved 2018-11-22.
  14. ^ Norwegian Government Documents, Handbooks and brochures – Norwegian Defence 2004 – Chapter 14 "The National Rifle Association of Norway was established in 1893 with the objective of fostering practical shooting skills among the Norwegian people in case such skills should be needed in the cause of national defence."
  15. ^ Organisations under the patronage of HM The King – kongehuset.no
  16. ^ How one of our oldest products lives on through Norwegian sports shooters – Nammo
  17. ^ folkevæpningssamlag – Great Norwegian Encyclopedia
[edit]
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