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| leader =
| leader =
| president = [[Haroun Kabadi]]
| president = [[Haroun Kabadi]]
| leader1_title = Honorary President
| leader1_title = Honorary President
| leader1_name = [[Mahamat Déby]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Opposition condemns designation of Chad's military ruler as presidential candidate |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/africa/article/2001489044/opposition-condemns-designation-of-chads-military-ruler-as-presidential-candidate |access-date=19 January 2024 |work=[[Voice of America]] |agency=[[The Standard (Kenya)|The Standard]] |date=16 January 2024}}</ref>
| leader1_name = [[Mahamat Déby]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Opposition condemns designation of Chad's military ruler as presidential candidate |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/africa/article/2001489044/opposition-condemns-designation-of-chads-military-ruler-as-presidential-candidate |access-date=19 January 2024 |work=[[Voice of America]] |agency=[[The Standard (Kenya)|The Standard]] |date=16 January 2024}}</ref>
| general_secretary =
| general_secretary =
| first_secretary =
| first_secretary =
| secretary_general = Haroun Kabadi
| secretary_general = Mahamat Zen Bada
| presidium =
| presidium =
| secretary =
| secretary =
| spokesperson =
| spokesperson =
| founder = [[Idriss Déby]]
| founder = [[Idriss Déby]]<br />[[Abbas Koty]]<br />[[Bada Abbas Maldoum]]<br />[[Hissein Dassert]]
| ideology = [[Nationalism]]<br />[[Authoritarianism]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Staff member |title=Tchad: La dictature continue par d'autres moyens |url=https://lens.civicus.org/tchad-la-dictature-continue-par-dautres-moyens/ |access-date=9 July 2024 |agency=Civicus Lens}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Picco |first1=Enrica |last2=Bouessel |first2=Charles |title=Chad: Averting the Risk of Post-transition Instability |url=https://www.crisisgroup.org/africa/central-africa/chad/tchad-prevenir-les-risques-dinstabilite-apres-la-transition |access-date=9 July 2024 |agency=Crisis Group}}</ref> [[Secularism]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Chad |url=https://mjp.univ-perp.fr/constit/td1991.htm |website=mjp.univ-perp.fr |publisher=Digithéque MJP |access-date=29 December 2024}}</ref>
| ideology = [[Nationalism]]
| position = [[Big tent]]
| position = [[Big tent]]
| headquarters =
| headquarters =
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| native_name_lang = fr
| native_name_lang = fr
| lang1 = Arabic
| lang1 = Arabic
| name_lang1 = {{lang|ar|الحركة الوطنية للإنقاذ}}
| name_lang1 = الحركة الوطنية للإنقاذ
| lang2 =
| lang2 =
| name_lang2 =
| name_lang2 =
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| founded = {{start date|1990|03|11|df=y}}
| founded = {{start date|1990|03|11|df=y}}
| dissolved = <!-- {{end date|YYYY|MM|DD|df=y}} -->
| dissolved = <!-- {{end date|YYYY|MM|DD|df=y}} -->
| merger = [[1 April Movement]]<br />[[Chadian National Salvation Movement|MOSONAT]]<br />[[Chadian Armed Forces-Popular Revolutionary Movement|FAT/MRP]]
| merger =
| split =
| split =
| predecessor = [[1 April Movement]]
| predecessor =
| merged =
| merged =
| successor =
| successor =
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| affiliation1 =
| affiliation1 =
| colors = <!-- or: | colours = -->
| colors = <!-- or: | colours = -->
| slogan = "{{lang|fr|Mourir pour le Salut}}" ("Dying for Salvation")
| slogan = ''Mourir pour le Salut''<br>('Dying for Salvation')
| anthem =
| anthem =
| blank1_title = [[National Assembly (Chad)|Seats in the National Assembly]]
| blank1_title = [[National Assembly (Chad)|Seats in the National Assembly]]
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}}
}}


The '''Patriotic Salvation Movement''' ({{lang-ar|الحركة الوطنية للإنقاذ}}, {{lang-fr|Mouvement patriotique du salut}}, MPS) is the ruling [[political party]] in [[Chad]].
The '''Patriotic Salvation Movement''' ({{langx|ar|الحركة الوطنية للإنقاذ}};{{R needed}} {{langx|fr|Mouvement patriotique du salut}}, MPS) is the ruling [[political party]] in [[Chad]].


==History==
==History==
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Déby was the MPS candidate in the [[Chadian presidential election, 1996|1996 presidential election]] and won in a second round. He was again the MPS candidate in the [[Chadian presidential election, 2001|presidential election]] of 20 May 2001, receiving 63.2% of the vote. In the [[Chadian parliamentary election, 2002|parliamentary election]] held on 21 April 2002, the MPS won according to [[Inter-Parliamentary Union|IPU Parline]] 113 out of 155 seats. In the [[Chadian presidential election, 2006|May 2006 presidential election]], Déby was re-elected with 64.7% of the vote.
Déby was the MPS candidate in the [[Chadian presidential election, 1996|1996 presidential election]] and won in a second round. He was again the MPS candidate in the [[Chadian presidential election, 2001|presidential election]] of 20 May 2001, receiving 63.2% of the vote. In the [[Chadian parliamentary election, 2002|parliamentary election]] held on 21 April 2002, the MPS won according to [[Inter-Parliamentary Union|IPU Parline]] 113 out of 155 seats. In the [[Chadian presidential election, 2006|May 2006 presidential election]], Déby was re-elected with 64.7% of the vote.


==Electoral history==
==Election history==

===Presidential elections===
===Presidential elections===
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!rowspan=2|Election
! rowspan="2" |Election
!rowspan=2|Party candidate
!rowspan=2|Party candidate
⚫
!colspan=2|First round
⚫
!colspan=2|Second round
⚫
!rowspan=2|Result
⚫
|-
!Votes
!Votes
!%
!%
!Votes
!Votes
!%
!%
⚫
!rowspan=2|Result
⚫
|-
⚫
!colspan=2|First round
⚫
!colspan=2|Second round
|-
|-
|[[1996 Chadian presidential election|1996]]
|[[1996 Chadian presidential election|1996]]
|rowspan=6|[[Idriss Déby]]
| rowspan="6" |[[Idriss Déby]]
|1,016,277
|1,016,277
|43.82%
|43.82%
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|1,533,509
|1,533,509
|63.17%
|63.17%
| —
|colspan=2| –
|—
|'''Elected''' {{Y}}
|'''Elected''' {{Y}}
|-
|-
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|1,863,042
|1,863,042
|64.67%
|64.67%
| —
|colspan=2| –
|—
|'''Elected''' {{Y}}
|'''Elected''' {{Y}}
|-
|-
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|2,503,813
|2,503,813
|88.66%
|88.66%
| —
|colspan=2| –
|—
|'''Elected''' {{Y}}
|'''Elected''' {{Y}}
|-
|-
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|2,219,352
|2,219,352
|59.92%
|59.92%
| —
|colspan=2| –
|—
|'''Elected''' {{Y}}
|'''Elected''' {{Y}}
|-
|-
|[[2021 Chadian presidential election|2021]]
|[[2021 Chadian presidential election|2021]]{{efn|After the 2021 election Idriss Déby died before the inauguration due injury while leading troop during the [[2021 Northern Chad offensive|Northern Chad offensive]].}}
|3,663,431
|3,663,431
|79.32%
|79.32%
| —
|colspan=2| –
|—
|'''Elected''' {{Y}}{{Efn|Died before inauguration}}
|'''Elected''' {{Y}}
|-
|[[2024 Chadian presidential election|2024]]
|[[Mahamat Déby]]
|3,777,279
|61.00%
|—
|—
|'''Elected''' {{Y}}
|}
|}
⚫
{{Notelist}}


===National Assembly elections===
===National Assembly elections===
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!rowspan=2|Election
! rowspan="2" |Election
!rowspan=2|Party leader
!rowspan=2|Party leader
!Votes
!Votes
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!rowspan=2|+/–
!rowspan=2|+/–
!rowspan=2|Position
!rowspan=2|Position
!rowspan=2|'''Result'''
!rowspan=2|Result
|-
|-
!colspan=2|First round
!colspan=2|First round
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|
|
|
|
| –
| —
| –
| —
|{{Composition bar|113|155|{{party color|Patriotic Salvation Movement}}<!-- HTML color code (e.g. "red", "#FF0000" or Party metadata color template) otherwise "transparent" -->}}
|{{Composition bar|113|155|{{party color|Patriotic Salvation Movement}}<!-- HTML color code (e.g. "red", "#FF0000" or Party metadata color template) otherwise "transparent" -->}}
|{{increase}} 48
|{{increase}} 48
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== See also ==
== See also ==
* [[Agnes Allafi]]
* [[Agnes Allafi]]

==Notes==
⚫
{{Notelist}}


==References==
==References==
{{Notelist}}{{Reflist}}
{{Notelist}}{{Reflist}}{{Chadian elections}}{{Chadian political parties}}

{{Chadian political parties}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


Latest revision as of 17:06, 29 December 2024

Patriotic Salvation Movement
Mouvement Patriotique du Salut
Arabic nameالحركة الوطنية للإنقاذ
AbbreviationMPS
PresidentHaroun Kabadi
Secretary-GeneralMahamat Zen Bada
Honorary PresidentMahamat Déby[1]
FounderIdriss Déby
Abbas Koty
Bada Abbas Maldoum
Hissein Dassert
Founded11 March 1990 (1990-03-11)
Merger of1 April Movement
MOSONAT
FAT/MRP
IdeologyNationalism
Authoritarianism[2][3] Secularism[4]
Political positionBig tent
SloganMourir pour le Salut
('Dying for Salvation')
Seats in the National Assembly
110 / 188
Website
www.mps-tchad.org

The Patriotic Salvation Movement (Arabic: الحركة الوطنية للإنقاذ;[romanization needed] French: Mouvement patriotique du salut, MPS) is the ruling political party in Chad.

History

[edit]

After Idriss Déby, an army commander who participated in an unsuccessful plot against President Hissène Habré in 1989, fled to Sudan, he and his supporters, known as the 1 April Movement, operated from Sudan with Libyan backing and carried out attacks across the border into Chad. The MPS was founded in Sudan on 10 March 1990 through the merger of the 1 April Movement with other anti-Habre groups in exile. After a successful offensive in November 1990, Déby and the MPS came to power on 2 December 1990, when their forces entered N'Djamena, the Chadian capital.[5]

Déby was the MPS candidate in the 1996 presidential election and won in a second round. He was again the MPS candidate in the presidential election of 20 May 2001, receiving 63.2% of the vote. In the parliamentary election held on 21 April 2002, the MPS won according to IPU Parline 113 out of 155 seats. In the May 2006 presidential election, Déby was re-elected with 64.7% of the vote.

Election history

[edit]

Presidential elections

[edit]
Election Party candidate First round Second round Result
Votes % Votes %
1996 Idriss Déby 1,016,277 43.82% 2,102,907 69.09% Elected Green tickY
2001 1,533,509 63.17% — — Elected Green tickY
2006 1,863,042 64.67% — — Elected Green tickY
2011 2,503,813 88.66% — — Elected Green tickY
2016 2,219,352 59.92% — — Elected Green tickY
2021[a] 3,663,431 79.32% — — Elected Green tickY
2024 Mahamat Déby 3,777,279 61.00% — — Elected Green tickY
  1. ^ After the 2021 election Idriss Déby died before the inauguration due injury while leading troop during the Northern Chad offensive.

National Assembly elections

[edit]
Election Party leader Votes % Votes % Seats +/– Position Result
First round Second round
1997 504,045 40.0% 262,060% 34.4%
65 / 125
 Increase 65 Increase 1st Majority government
2002 Nagoum Yamassoum — —
113 / 155
 Increase 48 Steady 1st Supermajority government
2011 Haroun Kabadi in alliance with RDP and RNDP
134 / 187
 Increase 21 Steady 1st MPS–RDP–RNDP coalition government

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Opposition condemns designation of Chad's military ruler as presidential candidate". Voice of America. The Standard. 16 January 2024. Retrieved 19 January 2024.
  2. ^ Staff member. "Tchad: La dictature continue par d'autres moyens". Civicus Lens. Retrieved 9 July 2024.
  3. ^ Picco, Enrica; Bouessel, Charles. "Chad: Averting the Risk of Post-transition Instability". Crisis Group. Retrieved 9 July 2024.
  4. ^ "Chad". mjp.univ-perp.fr. Digithéque MJP. Retrieved 29 December 2024.
  5. ^ Bernard Lanne, "Chad: Regime Change, Increased Insecurity, and Blockage of Further Reforms", Political Reform in Francophone Africa (1997), ed. Clark and Gardinier, pages 274–275.


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