Demis Hassabis: Difference between revisions

Sir
Demis Hassabis
CBE FRS FREng FRSA
Sir Demis Hassabis CBE FRS FREng FRSA
	Hassabis in 2024
Born	27 July 1976 (age 48); London, England
Alma mater	University of Cambridge (MA); University College London (PhD);
Known for	DeepMind; AlphaGo; AlphaFold;
Awards	The Asian Awards (2017); Dan David Prize (2020); BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award (2022); Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research (2023); Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences (2023); Canada Gairdner International Award (2023); Nobel Prize in Chemistry (2024);
	Scientific career
Fields	Neuroscience; Computer science; Artificial intelligence;
Institutions	Bullfrog Productions (1993–1994); Lionhead Studios (1997–1998); Elixir Studios (1998–2005); University College London (2009–2012); DeepMind (2010–present); Isomorphic Labs (2021–present);
Thesis	Neural processes underpinning episodic memory (2009)
Doctoral advisor	Eleanor Maguire
	Chess career
Country	England
Title	Candidate Master
Years active	1988–2019
FIDE rating	2220 (March 2019)
Peak rating	2300 (January 1990)

Browse history interactively

← Previous edit

Content deleted Content added

VisualWikitext

Inline

Latest revision as of 06:59, 3 January 2025

Sir Demis Hassabis (born 27 July 1976) is a British artificial intelligence (AI) researcher, and entrepreneur. He is the chief executive officer and co-founder of Google DeepMind,^[8] and Isomorphic Labs,^[9]^[10]^[11] and a UK Government AI Adviser.^[12] In 2024, Hassabis and John M. Jumper were jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their AI research contributions for protein structure prediction.^[13]^[14]

Hassabis is a Fellow of the Royal Society, and has won many prestigious awards for his research work including the Breakthrough Prize, the Canada Gairdner International Award, and the Lasker Award. In 2017 he was appointed a CBE and listed in the Time 100 most influential people list. In 2024 he was knighted for services to AI.^[15]

Early life and education

Hassabis was born to a Greek Cypriot father^[16] and a Singaporean mother^[17] and grew up in North London.^[18]^[19] In his early career, he was a video game AI programmer and designer, and an expert board games player.^[18]^[20]^[21] A child prodigy in chess from the age of four,^[22]^[23] Hassabis reached master standard at the age of 13 with an Elo rating of 2300 and captained many of the England junior chess teams.^[24] He represented the University of Cambridge in the Oxford–Cambridge varsity chess matches of 1995,^[25] 1996^[26] and 1997,^[27] winning a half blue.

Between 1988 and 1990, Hassabis was educated at Queen Elizabeth's School, Barnet, a boys' grammar school in North London. He was subsequently home-schooled by his parents, during which time he bought his first computer, a ZX Spectrum 48K funded from chess winnings, and taught himself how to program from books.^[23] He wrote its first AI program on a Commodore Amiga based on the reversi board game. ^[28] He then studied at the comprehensive school Christ's College, Finchley.^[18] He completed his A-level exams two years early at 16.^[29]^[30]

Bullfrog Productions

Asked by Cambridge University to take a gap year due to his young age,^[23] Hassabis began his computer games career at Bullfrog Productions after entering an Amiga Power "Win-a-job-at-Bullfrog" competition.^[31] He began first by level designing on Syndicate, and then at 17 co-designing and lead programming on the 1994 game Theme Park, with the game's designer Peter Molyneux.^[32] Theme Park, a simulation video game, sold several million copies^[24] and inspired a whole genre of simulation sandbox games. He earned enough from his gap year to pay his own way through university.^[23]

University of Cambridge

Hassabis left Bullfrog to study at Queens' College, Cambridge, where he completed the Computer Science Tripos and graduated in 1997 with a Double First.^[24]

Career and research

Lionhead

After graduating from Cambridge, Hassabis worked at Lionhead Studios.^[33] Games designer Peter Molyneux, with whom Hassabis had worked at Bullfrog Productions, had recently founded the company. At Lionhead, Hassabis worked as lead AI programmer on the 2001 god game Black & White.^[24]

Elixir Studios

Hassabis left Lionhead in 1998 to found Elixir Studios, a London-based independent games developer, signing publishing deals with Eidos Interactive, Vivendi Universal and Microsoft.^[34] In addition to managing the company, Hassabis served as executive designer of the games Republic: The Revolution and Evil Genius.^[24] Each received BAFTA Nominations for their interactive music scores, created by James Hannigan.

The release of Elixir's first game, Republic: The Revolution, a highly ambitious and unusual political simulation game,^[35] was delayed due to its huge scope, which involved an AI simulation of the workings of an entire fictional country. The final game was reduced from its original vision and greeted with lukewarm reviews, receiving a Metacritic score of 62/100.^[36] Evil Genius, a tongue-in-cheek Bond villain simulator, fared much better with a score of 75/100.^[37] In April 2005 the intellectual property and technology rights were sold to various publishers and the studio was closed.^[38]^[39]

Neuroscience research at University College London

Following Elixir Studios, Hassabis returned to academia to obtain his PhD in cognitive neuroscience from University College London (UCL) in 2009 supervised by Eleanor Maguire.^[3] He sought to find inspiration in the human brain for new AI algorithms.^[40]

He continued his neuroscience and artificial intelligence research as a visiting scientist jointly at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), in the lab of Tomaso Poggio, and Harvard University,^[18] before earning a Henry Wellcome postdoctoral research fellowship to the Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit at UCL in 2009 working with Peter Dayan.^[41]

Working in the field of imagination, memory, and amnesia, he co-authored several influential papers published in Nature, Science, Neuron, and PNAS.^[1] His very first academic work, published in PNAS,^[42] was a landmark paper that showed systematically for the first time that patients with damage to their hippocampus, known to cause amnesia, were also unable to imagine themselves in new experiences. The finding established a link between the constructive process of imagination and the reconstructive process of episodic memory recall. Based on this work and a follow-up functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study,^[43] Hassabis developed a new theoretical account of the episodic memory system identifying scene construction, the generation and online maintenance of a complex and coherent scene, as a key process underlying both memory recall and imagination.^[44] This work received widespread coverage in the mainstream media^[45] and was listed in the top 10 scientific breakthroughs of the year by the journal Science.^[46] He later generalised these ideas to advance the notion of a 'simulation engine of the mind' whose role it was to imagine events and scenarios to aid with better planning.^[47]^[48]

DeepMind

Hassabis is the CEO and co-founder of DeepMind, a machine learning AI startup, founded in London in 2010 with Shane Legg and Mustafa Suleyman. Hassabis met Legg when both were postdocs at the Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit, and he and Suleyman had been friends through family.^[49] Hassabis also recruited his university friend and Elixir partner David Silver.^[50]

DeepMind's mission is to "solve intelligence" and then use intelligence "to solve everything else".^[51] More concretely, DeepMind aims to combine insights from systems neuroscience with new developments in machine learning and computing hardware to unlock increasingly powerful general-purpose learning algorithms that will work towards the creation of an artificial general intelligence (AGI). The company has focused on training learning algorithms to master games, and in December 2013 it announced that it had made a pioneering breakthrough by training an algorithm called a Deep Q-Network (DQN) to play Atari games at a superhuman level by only using the raw pixels on the screen as inputs.^[52]

DeepMind's early investors included several high-profile tech entrepreneurs.^[53]^[54] In 2014, Google purchased DeepMind for £400 million. Although most of the company has remained an independent entity based in London,^[55] DeepMind Health has since been directly incorporated into Google Health.^[56]

Since the Google acquisition, the company has notched up a number of significant achievements, perhaps the most notable being the creation of AlphaGo, a program that defeated world champion Lee Sedol at the complex game of Go. Go had been considered a holy grail of AI, for its high number of possible board positions and resistance to existing programming techniques.^[57]^[58] However, AlphaGo beat European champion Fan Hui 5–0 in October 2015 before winning 4–1 against former world champion Lee Sedol in March 2016.^[59]^[60] Additional DeepMind accomplishments include creating a neural Turing machine,^[61] reducing the energy used by the cooling systems in Google's data centers by 40%,^[62] advancing research on AI safety,^[63]^[64] and the creation of a partnership with the National Health Service (NHS) of the United Kingdom and Moorfields Eye Hospital to improve medical service and identify the onset of degenerative eye conditions.^[65]

DeepMind has also been responsible for technical advances in machine learning, having produced a number of award-winning papers. In particular, the company has made significant advances in deep learning and reinforcement learning, and pioneered the field of deep reinforcement learning which combines these two methods.^[66] Hassabis has predicted that artificial intelligence will be "one of the most beneficial technologies of mankind ever" but that significant ethical issues remain.^[67]

Hassabis has also warned of the potential dangers and risks of AI if misused, and has been a strong advocate of further AI safety research being needed.^[68] In 2023, he signed the statement that "Mitigating the risk of extinction from AI should be a global priority alongside other societal-scale risks such as pandemics and nuclear war".^[69] He considers however that a pause on AI progress would be very hard to enforce worldwide, and that the potential benefits (e.g. for health and against climate change) make it worth continuing. He said that there is an urgent need for research on evaluation tests that measure how capable and controllable new AI models are.^[70]

AlphaFold

In 2016, DeepMind turned its artificial intelligence to protein folding, a 50-year grand challenge in science, to predict the 3D structure of a protein from its 1D amino acid sequence. This is an important problem in biology, as proteins are essential to life, almost every biological function depends on them, and the function of a protein is thought to be related to its structure. Knowing the structure of a protein can be very helpful in drug discovery and disease understanding. In December 2018, DeepMind's tool AlphaFold won the 13th Critical Assessment of Techniques for Protein Structure Prediction (CASP) by successfully predicting the most accurate structure for 25 out of 43 proteins. "This is a lighthouse project, our first major investment in terms of people and resources into a fundamental, very important, real-world scientific problem", Hassabis said to The Guardian.^[71]

In November 2020, DeepMind again announced world-beating results in the CASP14 edition of the competition with AlphaFold 2, a new version of the system. It achieved a median global distance test (GDT) score of 87.0 across protein targets in the challenging free-modeling category, much higher than the same 2018 results with a median GDT < 60, and an overall error of less than the width of an atom (<1 Angstrom), making it competitive with experimental methods, and leading the organisers of CASP to declare the problem essentially solved.^[72]^[73] Over the next year DeepMind used AlphaFold2 to fold all 200 million proteins known to science, and made the system and these structures openly and freely available for anyone to use via the AlphaFold Protein Structure Database developed in collaboration with EMBL-EBI.^[74]

Personal life

Hassabis is married to an Italian molecular biologist with whom he has two sons. He resides in North London with his family.^[75]^[76]^[77] He is also a lifelong fan of Liverpool FC.^[23] Hassabis is the main subject of the documentary called The Thinking Game, which premiered in 2024's Tribeca Festival, from the same filmmaker as the award-winning documentary AlphaGo (2016).^[78]

Awards and honours

Entrepreneurial and scientific

2024 – Nobel Prize in Chemistry^[14]
2024 – Clarivate Citation Laureates^[79]
2024 – Keio Medical Science Prize^[80]
2024 – The AI Citizen of the Year^[81]
2024 – Included in the Time 100 AI list^[82]
2024 – Honorary degree, University of Oxford^[83]
2024 – Knight Bachelor for "services to artificial intelligence"^[84]
2023 – BCS Lovelace Medal^[85]
2023 – UCL Prize Lecture in Life and Medical Sciences^[86]
2023 – Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research^[87]
2023 – Honorary degree, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne^[88]
2023 – Member of the Academia Europaea^[89]
2023 – Canada Gairdner International Award^[90]
2023 – Ordinary Member of Pontifical Academy of Sciences^[91]
2023 – Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences for developing AlphaFold, which accurately predicts the structure of protein^[92]
2022 – VinFuture Prize for Innovators with Outstanding Achievements in Emerging Fields^[93]
2022 – Global Swiss AI Award^[94]
2022 – BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award in the category "Biology and Biomedicine"^[95]
2022 – Princess of Asturias Award (with Yoshua Bengio, Geoffrey Hinton, and Yann LeCun) for Technical and Scientific Research^[96]
2022 – Wiley Prize in Biomedical Sciences^[97]
2021 – IRI Medal, established by the Industrial Research Institute (IRI)^[98]
2021 – International Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences^[99]
2020 – Pius XI Medal from the Pontifical Academy of Sciences
2020 – The 50 most influential people in Britain from British GQ magazine^[100]
2020 – Dan David Prize – Future Award^[101]
2019 – Winner of UKtech50 (the 50 most influential people in UK technology) from Computer Weekly^[102]
2018 – Elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in May^[103]^[104]
2018 – Adviser to the UK's Government Office for Artificial Intelligence^[12]
2018 – Honorary doctorate, Imperial College London^[105]
2017 – Appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2018 New Year Honours for "services to Science and Technology".^[106]^[107]
2017 – Time 100: The 100 Most Influential People^[108]
2017 – The Asian Awards: Outstanding Achievement in Science and Technology^[109]
2017 – Elected a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering (FREng)^[110]
2017 – American Academy of Achievement: Golden Plate Award^[111]^[112]
2016 – Honorary Fellow, University College London^[113]
2016 – London Evening Standard list of influential Londoners, number 6^[114]
2016 – Royal Academy of Engineering Silver Medal^[115]
2016 – WIRED Leadership in Innovation^[116]
2016 – Nature's 10: the 10 most influential (good or bad) scientists of the year^[117]^[118]
2016 – Financial Times Digital Entrepreneur of the Year^[119]
2015 – Financial Times top 50 Entrepreneurs in Europe^[120]
2015 – Fellow Benefactor, Queens' College, Cambridge^[121]
2014 – Third most influential Londoner according to the London Evening Standard^[122]
2014 – Mullard Award of the Royal Society^[123]
2013 – Listed on WIRED's 'Smart 50'^[124]
2009 – Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts (FRSA)^[125]

Research

Hassabis's research work has been listed in the Top 10 Scientific Breakthroughs of the Year by Science Magazine on four separate occasions:

2021 Breakthrough of the Year (Winner) – for AlphaFold v2^[126]
2020 Breakthrough of the Year (Top 10) – for AlphaFold v1^[127]
2016 Breakthrough of the Year (Top 10) – for AlphaGo^[128]
2007 Breakthrough of the Year (Top 10) – for neuroscience research on imagination^[129]

DeepMind

Cambridge Computer Laboratory Company of the Year (2014)^[130]
Seven Nature front cover articles (2015,^[131] 2016,^[132] 2019,^[133] 2020,^[134] two in 2021,^[135]^[136] and 2024^[137]) and one Science front cover article (2017^[138])
Honorary 9-dan Go rank for AlphaGo from Korea Baduk Association (2016),^[139] Chinese Weiqi Association (2017),^[140] and Japan Go Association (2024)^[141]
Cannes Lion Grand Prix for AlphaGo (2016)^[142]
WIRED Innovation in AI Award (2016)^[116]
City A.M. Innovative Company of the Year (2016)^[143]

Games

Hassabis is a five-times winner of the all-round world board games championship (the Pentamind), and an expert player of many games including:^[34]

Chess: achieved Master standard at age 13 with ELO rating of 2300 (at the time the second-highest in the world for his age after Judit Polgár)^[144]
Diplomacy: World Team Champion in 2004, 4th in 2006 World Championship^[145]
Poker: cashed at the World Series of Poker six times including in the Main Event^[146]
Multi-games events at the London Mind Sports Olympiad: World Pentamind Champion (five times: 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2003)^[147] and World Decamentathlon Champion (twice: 2003, 2004)

References

^ ^a ^b Demis Hassabis publications indexed by Google Scholar
^ "The Greater Gatsby". Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit. 5 August 2020. Retrieved 22 September 2024.
^ ^a ^b Hassabis, Demis (2009). Neural processes underpinning episodic memory. discovery.ucl.ac.uk (PhD thesis). University College London. OCLC 926193578. EThOS uk.bl.ethos.564607. Archived from the original on 29 April 2019. Retrieved 30 December 2017.
^ ^a ^b "Demis Hassabis, Ph.D."
^ "College Notices – Cambridge University Reporter 6510". www.admin.cam.ac.uk. Retrieved 10 October 2024.
^ "Demis Hassabis chess games - 365Chess.com". www.365chess.com. Retrieved 22 September 2024.
^ Felice, Gino Di (16 January 2018). Chess International Titleholders, 1950-2016. McFarland. p. 127. ISBN 978-1-4766-3361-9. Retrieved 20 October 2024.
^ Anon (2017). "Demis HASSABIS". companieshouse.gov.uk. London: Companies House. Archived from the original on 27 April 2017. Retrieved 26 April 2017.
^ Crist, Ry (4 November 2021). "Alphabet launches Isomorphic Labs, an AI-driven drug discovery startup". CNET. Archived from the original on 4 November 2021. Retrieved 4 November 2021.
^ Coldeway, Devin (4 November 2021). "Isomorphic Labs is Alphabet's play in AI drug discovery". TechCrunch. Archived from the original on 2 July 2022. Retrieved 4 November 2021.
^ Bonifacic, Igor (4 November 2021). "Alphabet's Isomorphic Labs is a new company focused on AI-driven drug discovery". www.msn.com. Archived from the original on 4 November 2021. Retrieved 4 November 2021.
^ ^a ^b "World-leading expert Demis Hassabis to advise new Government Office for Artificial Intelligence". GOV.UK. Archived from the original on 14 June 2020. Retrieved 14 June 2020.
^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2024". Nobel Media AB. Retrieved 9 October 2024.
^ ^a ^b "Press release: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2024". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 9 October 2024.
^ "Leading AI figures awarded honours". The Independent. 28 March 2024.
^ "Nobel prize win for Greek Cypriot scientist". Cyprus Mail. 9 October 2024. Retrieved 11 October 2024.
^ Dancel, Raul (9 October 2024). "Nobel Chemistry laureate Demis Hassabis has Singapore in his blood". The Straits Times. ISSN 0585-3923. Retrieved 11 October 2024.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Gardner, Jasmine (31 January 2014). "Exclusive interview: meet Demis Hassabis, London's megamind who just sold his company to Google for £400m". London Evening Standard. Archived from the original on 8 May 2017. Retrieved 3 April 2018.
^ Ahmed, Murad (30 January 2015). "Lunch with the FT: Demis Hassabis". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 24 August 2015.
^ Demis Hassabis rating card at FIDE
^ "Demis Hassabis: the secretive computer boffin with the £400 million brain". The Daily Telegraph. 28 January 2014. Archived from the original on 10 May 2018. Retrieved 3 April 2018.
^ "Demis Hassabis, PhD Biography and Interview". www.achievement.org. American Academy of Achievement. Archived from the original on 7 January 2019. Retrieved 22 April 2019.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Hassabis, Demis (5 December 2020). "BBC Radio 4 Profiles, 7pm 5 December 2020". BBC Podcast. Archived from the original on 5 December 2020. Retrieved 5 December 2020.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Gibbs, Samuel (28 January 2014). "Demis Hassabis: 15 facts about the DeepMind Technologies founder". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 16 August 2015. Retrieved 30 July 2016.
^ 1995 Varsity Chess Match, Oxford v Cambridge – http://www.saund.co.uk/britbase/pgn/199503vars-viewer.html Archived 10 January 2018 at the Wayback Machine – BritBase
^ 1996 Varsity Chess Match, Oxford v Cambridge – http://www.saund.co.uk/britbase/pgn/199603vars-viewer.html Archived 10 January 2018 at the Wayback Machine – BritBase
^ 1997 Varsity Chess Match, Oxford v Cambridge – http://www.saund.co.uk/britbase/pgn/199703vars-viewer.html Archived 10 January 2018 at the Wayback Machine – BritBase
^ "Amiga-news.de – Video interview with DeepMind founder: First AI program on Amiga".
^ Gibbs, Samuel (28 January 2014). "Demis Hassabis: 15 facts about the DeepMind Technologies founder". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 22 September 2024.
^ "Azeem's Picks: Demis Hassabis on DeepMind's Journey from Games to Fundamental Science". Harvard Business Review. 5 May 2023. ISSN 0017-8012. Retrieved 22 September 2024. I finished A Levels at 16, so I had quite a lot of time between then and going to Cambridge.
^ Amiga Power N°16, August 1992, PP65-67 https://amr.abime.net/issue_16_pages
^ "Time 100 AI 2023 – Demis Hassabis". TIME. Time. Retrieved 7 September 2023.
^ "Demis Hassabis on Desert Island Discs". Desert Island Discs. BBC. Archived from the original on 14 January 2018. Retrieved 18 February 2018.
^ ^a ^b Hassabis, Demis (2014). "Demis Hassabis Personal Website". demishassabis.com. Archived from the original on 26 April 2015. Retrieved 30 July 2016.
^ Hermida, Alfred (3 September 2003). "Game plays politics with your PC". BBC News. Archived from the original on 15 January 2007. Retrieved 29 April 2011.
^ "Republic: The Revolution". Metacritic. Archived from the original on 7 February 2017. Retrieved 30 July 2016.
^ "Evil Genius". Metacritic. Archived from the original on 12 August 2016. Retrieved 30 July 2016.
^ Remo, Chris (14 July 2009). "Rebellion Acquires Vivendi Licenses, Considers New Franchise Titles". Gamasutra. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 30 July 2016.
^ "Elixir Studios". IGN. Archived from the original on 13 October 2012.
^ Brooks R, Hassabis D, Bray D, Shashua A (2012). "Turing centenary: Is the brain a good model for machine intelligence?" (PDF). Nature. 482 (7386): 462–463. Bibcode:2012Natur.482..462.. doi:10.1038/482462a. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 22358812. S2CID 205070106. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 December 2017. Retrieved 26 April 2017.
^ Shead, Sam (21 May 2017). "The incredible life of DeepMind founder Demis Hassabis, the computer whiz who sold his AI lab to Google for £400 million". Business Insider. Archived from the original on 25 December 2017. Retrieved 22 December 2017.
^ Hassabis, D.; Kumaran, D.; Vann, S. D.; Maguire, E. A. (2007). "Patients with hippocampal amnesia cannot imagine new experiences" (PDF). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 104 (5): 1726–31. Bibcode:2007PNAS..104.1726H. doi:10.1073/pnas.0610561104. PMC 1773058. PMID 17229836. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 August 2015. Retrieved 29 August 2015.
^ Hassabis, D.; Kumaran, D.; Maguire, E. A. (2007). "Using Imagination to Understand the Neural Basis of Episodic Memory". The Journal of Neuroscience. 27 (52): 14365–14374. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4549-07.2007. PMC 2571957. PMID 18160644.
^ Hassabis, D.; Maguire, E. A. (2007). "Deconstructing episodic memory with construction". Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 11 (7): 299–306. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2007.05.001. PMID 17548229. S2CID 13939288.
^ Carey, Benedict (23 January 2007). "Amnesiacs May Be Cut Off From Past and Future Alike". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2 July 2022. Retrieved 21 February 2017.
^ The News Staff (2007). "BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR: The Runners-up". Science. 318 (5858): 1844a–. doi:10.1126/science.318.5858.1844a. PMID 18096772.
^ Hassabis, Demis; Maguire, Eleanor A. (12 May 2009). "The construction system of the brain". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 364 (1521): 1263–1271. doi:10.1098/rstb.2008.0296. ISSN 0962-8436. PMC 2666702. PMID 19528007.
^ Schacter, Daniel L.; Addis, Donna Rose; Hassabis, Demis; Martin, Victoria C.; Spreng, R. Nathan; Szpunar, Karl K. (21 November 2012). "The Future of Memory: Remembering, Imagining, and the Brain". Neuron. 76 (4): 677–694. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2012.11.001. ISSN 0896-6273. PMC 3815616. PMID 23177955.
^ Rowan, David (22 June 2015). "DeepMind: Inside Google's Super Brain". Wired. Archived from the original on 21 August 2017. Retrieved 26 August 2017.
^ Metz, Cade (19 May 2016). "What the AI Behind AlphaGo Can Teach Us About Being Human". Wired. Archived from the original on 29 May 2016. Retrieved 6 March 2017.
^ Simonite, Tom (31 March 2016). "How Google Plans to Solve Artificial Intelligence". MIT Technology Review. Archived from the original on 16 August 2016. Retrieved 30 July 2016.
^ Simonite, Tom (25 February 2015). "Google's AI Masters Space Invaders But Still Sucks at Pacman". MIT Technology Review. Archived from the original on 16 August 2016. Retrieved 30 July 2016.
^ "DeepMind Technologies". Angel. 26 January 2015. Archived from the original on 19 September 2016. Retrieved 30 July 2016.
^ Gannes, Liz (26 January 2014). "Exclusive: Google to Buy Artificial Intelligence Startup DeepMind for $400m". Recode. Archived from the original on 24 July 2016. Retrieved 30 July 2016.
^ "Google to Buy Artificial Intelligence Company DeepMind". Reuters. 26 January 2015. Archived from the original on 22 April 2017. Retrieved 30 June 2017.
^ Lomas, Natasha (19 September 2019). "Google completes controversial takeover of DeepMind Health". TechCrunch. Archived from the original on 1 October 2019. Retrieved 19 September 2019.
^ Koch, Christof (19 March 2016). "How the Computer Beat the Go Master". Scientific American. Archived from the original on 6 September 2017. Retrieved 6 September 2017.
^ Hassabis, Demis (21 April 2017). "The mind in the machine: Demis Hassabis on artificial intelligence". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 6 September 2017. Retrieved 6 September 2017.
^ Metz, Cade (27 January 2016). "In a Huge Breakthrough, Google's AI Beats a Top Player at the Game of Go". Wired. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 6 March 2017.
^ Yan, Sophia (12 March 2016). "A Google Computer Victorious Over the World's Go Champion". CNN Money. Archived from the original on 8 August 2020. Retrieved 3 August 2020.
^ "Google's Secretive DeepMind Startup Unveils a Neural Turing Machine". MIT Technology Review. 29 October 2014. Archived from the original on 13 August 2016. Retrieved 30 July 2016.
^ "DeepMind AI Reduces Google Data Centre Cooling Bill by 40%". DeepMind. 20 July 2016. Archived from the original on 20 October 2021. Retrieved 20 October 2021.
^ "Google Developing Kill Switch for AI". BBC News. 8 June 2016. Archived from the original on 11 June 2016. Retrieved 21 June 2018.
^ Cuthbertson, Anthony (8 June 2016). "Google's Big Red Button Could Save the World". Newsweek. Archived from the original on 9 August 2016. Retrieved 30 July 2016.
^ Hern, Alex (5 July 2016). "Google DeepMind pairs with NHS to use machine learning to fight blindness". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 16 August 2016. Retrieved 30 July 2016.
^ Silver, David (17 June 2016). "Deep Reinforcement Learning". DeepMind Blog. Retrieved 30 July 2016.
^ "Whether AI will be good or bad, depends on how society uses it: Demis Hassabis, CEO, DeepMind". The Economic Times. 10 March 2018. Archived from the original on 29 March 2018. Retrieved 28 March 2018.
^ Milmo, Dan (24 October 2023). "AI risk must be treated as seriously as climate crisis, says Google DeepMind chief". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 1 November 2024.
^ "Statement on AI Risk | CAIS". www.safe.ai. Retrieved 29 June 2023.
^ Knight, Will. "Google DeepMind CEO Demis Hassabis Says Its Next Algorithm Will Eclipse ChatGPT". Wired. ISSN 1059-1028. Retrieved 29 June 2023.
^ Sample, Ian (2 December 2018). "Google's DeepMind predicts 3D shapes of proteins". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 18 July 2019. Retrieved 3 December 2018.
^ "AlphaFold: a solution to a 50-year-old grand challenge in biology". DeepMind. 30 November 2020. Archived from the original on 30 November 2020. Retrieved 30 November 2020.
^ Briggs, Helen (30 November 2020). "One of biology's biggest mysteries 'largely solved' by AI". BBC News. Archived from the original on 30 November 2020. Retrieved 30 November 2020.
^ Geddes, Linda (28 July 2022). "DeepMind uncovers structure of 200m proteins in scientific leap forward". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 1 November 2024.
^ Burton-Hill, Clemency (16 February 2016). "The superhero of artificial intelligence: can this genius keep it in check?". The Observer.
^ Ahmed, Murad (30 January 2015). "Lunch with the FT: Demis Hassabis". Financial Times.
^ "Exclusive interview: meet Demis Hassabis, London's megamind who just sold his company to Google for £400m". Evening Standard. 7 February 2014.
^ "The Thinking Game | 2024 Tribeca Festival". Tribeca. Retrieved 30 September 2024.
^ "Clarivate Reveals Citation Laureates 2024". Clarivate. Retrieved 22 September 2024.
^ "Announcement of The Keio Medical Science Prize 2024: Keio University". www.keio.ac.jp. Retrieved 22 September 2024.
^ "National AI Awards 2024 winners Showcase Industry Innovation – National AI Awards". The National AI Awards. 13 September 2024. Retrieved 29 September 2024.
^ "The 100 Most Influential People in AI 2024". TIME. Retrieved 18 September 2024.
^ "Honorary degree recipients for 2024 announced". University of Oxford. 24 April 2024. Retrieved 20 July 2024.
^ "CENTRAL CHANCERY OF THE ORDERS OF KNIGHTHOOD | Honours and Awards | The Gazette". www.thegazette.co.uk. Retrieved 10 October 2024.
^ "Google DeepMind's Demis Hassabis among the recipients of prestigious computing award – BCS Lovelace Medal 2023 | BCS". www.bcs.org. Retrieved 10 October 2024.
^ "Demis Hassabis to give UCL Prize Lecture 2023". UCL Health. 5 October 2023. Retrieved 29 September 2024.
^ Admin, Lasker. "AlphaFold—for predicting protein structures". Lasker Foundation.
^ "epfl". epfl. Retrieved 9 October 2024.
^ "Academy of Europe: 2024+Nobel+Prize+in+Chemistry+to+Demis+Hassabis". www.ae-info.org. Retrieved 10 October 2024.
^ Foundation, The Gairdner (30 March 2023). "2023 Canada Gairdner Award Winners Announced". The Gairdner Foundation.
^ "Resignations and Appointments". press.vatican.va. Retrieved 22 September 2024.
^ "Breakthrough Prizes 2023". Retrieved 22 September 2022.
^ "Winners of the second ever VinFuture Prize Awards unveiled". VinFuture Prize. 21 December 2022. Retrieved 10 October 2024.
^ Andina, Michele (2 February 2023). "A 'neutral' hub for artificial intelligence in the Swiss Alps". SWI swissinfo.ch. Retrieved 19 July 2023.
^ "Find out about the BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award". Premios Fronteras.
^ "Princess of Asturias Awards 2022". Archived from the original on 15 June 2022. Retrieved 15 June 2022.
^ "Home | Wiley Foundation". www.wiley.com.
^ "IRI Medal 2021". Archived from the original on 11 April 2022. Retrieved 4 June 2022.
^ "Demis Hassabis". American Academy of Arts & Sciences. Retrieved 14 September 2022.
^ "The 50 most influential people in Britain". British GQ. 5 February 2020. Archived from the original on 13 May 2020. Retrieved 13 June 2020.
^ "Laureates 2020". www.dandavidprize.org. Archived from the original on 28 June 2021. Retrieved 13 February 2020.
^ "The 50 most influential people in UK IT 2019". computerweekly.com. Archived from the original on 21 June 2020. Retrieved 13 June 2020.
^ "Demis Hassabis". Royal Society. Archived from the original on 13 June 2018. Retrieved 13 June 2018.
^ "Distinguished scientists elected as Fellows and Foreign Members of the Royal Society". The Royal Society. Royal Society. Archived from the original on 9 May 2018. Retrieved 9 May 2018.
^ "Honorary graduates, fellows and Imperial College medals | About | Imperial College London". www.imperial.ac.uk. Retrieved 14 September 2022.
^ "Demis HASSABIS, Order of the British Empire". The London Gazette. Archived from the original on 24 January 2018. Retrieved 30 December 2017.
^ "New Year Honours 2018: AI chief Demis Hassabis made CBE". BBC News. 29 December 2017. Archived from the original on 19 August 2018. Retrieved 21 June 2018.
^ Kurzweil, Ray (20 April 2017). "Demis Hassabis". Time. Archived from the original on 20 April 2017. Retrieved 20 April 2017.
^ "Asian Awards". The Asian Awards. 2017. Archived from the original on 28 August 2017. Retrieved 8 June 2017.
^ "Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering". Royal Academy of Engineering. 2017. Archived from the original on 2 October 2017. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
^ "Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement". www.achievement.org. American Academy of Achievement. Archived from the original on 12 December 2017. Retrieved 22 April 2019.
^ "2017 Summit Highlights Photo: Awards Council member and British cosmologist Lord Martin Rees presents the Golden Plate Award to Demis Hassabis, a British pioneer of artificial intelligence and Founder & CEO of DeepMind, at a ceremony in London". American Academy of Achievement. Archived from the original on 17 September 2020. Retrieved 4 October 2020.
^ "Honorary Fellows of UCL". UCL Website. Archived from the original on 20 November 2016. Retrieved 20 November 2016.
^ Crerar, Pippa (7 September 2016). "The Progress 1000: Mayor Sadiq Khan leads the Evening Standard's list of London's most influential people". Evening Standard. Archived from the original on 3 May 2017. Retrieved 3 April 2018.
^ "Royal Academy of Engineering Silver Medal". Royal Academy of Engineering. 2015. Archived from the original on 13 November 2016. Retrieved 30 July 2016.
^ ^a ^b Manthorpe, Rowland (9 November 2016). "DeepMind and OpenBionics among the winners at the WIRED Audi Innovation Awards". Wired. Archived from the original on 25 August 2017. Retrieved 26 August 2017.
^ Castelvecchi, Davide; Gibney, Elizabeth; Cressey, Daniel; Tollefson, Jeff; Butler, Declan; Van Noorden, Richard; Reardon, Sara; Ledford, Heidi; Witze, Alexandra (2016). "Nature's 10". Nature. 540 (7634): 507–515. Bibcode:2016Natur.540..507.. doi:10.1038/540507a. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 30905952.
^ Anon (2016). "Nature's 10". Nature. 540 (7634): 507–515. Bibcode:2016Natur.540..507.. doi:10.1038/540507a. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 30905952.
^ "Demis Hassabis, Ph.D." Academy of Achievement. Archived from the original on 17 September 2020. Retrieved 14 June 2020.
^ "Europe's Top 50 Tech Entrepreneurs". Financial Times. 19 June 2015. Archived from the original on 2 July 2022. Retrieved 30 July 2016.
^ Rice, Andrew (13 February 2015). "The Hassabis Fellowship in Computer Science". University of Cambridge, Queens' College – Computer Science. Archived from the original on 13 June 2020. Retrieved 13 June 2020.
^ "Leading the way: Top 20 Londoners in The 1000 power list". Evening Standard. 16 October 2014. Archived from the original on 2 July 2022. Retrieved 3 April 2018.
^ "Acclaimed Neuroscientist and Google DeepMind founder wins Royal Society Mullard Award". The Royal Society. 21 November 2014. Archived from the original on 10 October 2016. Retrieved 31 December 2014.
^ Redman, Craig (9 December 2013). "The Wired Smart List 2013". Wired. Archived from the original on 7 October 2019. Retrieved 26 August 2017.
^ Anon (2015). "Artificial Intelligence and the Future with Demis Hassabis". rts.org.uk. Royal Television Society. Archived from the original on 7 August 2016. Retrieved 30 July 2016.
^ "Science's 2021 Breakthrough of the Year: AI brings protein structures to all". www.science.org. Retrieved 14 September 2022.
^ "Science's Breakthrough of the Year 2020: shots of hope in a pandemic-ravaged world". vis.sciencemag.org. Archived from the original on 30 October 2021. Retrieved 19 October 2021.
^ "From AI to protein folding: Our Breakthrough runners-up". Science. 22 December 2016. Archived from the original on 17 June 2022. Retrieved 30 June 2022.
^ The News Staff (21 December 2007). "The Runners-Up". Science. 318 (5858): 1844a – 1849a. doi:10.1126/science.318.5858.1844a. PMID 18096772.
^ "Cambridge Computer Laboratory Hall of Fame Awards". University of Cambridge Website. 2016. Archived from the original on 3 February 2016. Retrieved 30 July 2016.
^ "Volume 518 Issue 7540, 26 February 2015". nature.com. 24 February 2015. Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 June 2020.
^ "Volume 529 Issue 7587, 28 January 2016". nature.com. 27 January 2016. Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 June 2020.
^ "Volume 575 Issue 7782, 14 November 2019". nature.com. 8 November 2019. Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 June 2020.
^ "Volume 577 Issue 7792, 30 January 2020". nature.com. 29 January 2020. Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 June 2020.
^ "Volume 596 Issue 7873, 26 August 2021". www.nature.com. 25 August 2021. Archived from the original on 2 December 2021. Retrieved 2 December 2021.
^ "Volume 600 Issue 7887, 2 December 2021". www.nature.com. December 2021. Archived from the original on 2 December 2021. Retrieved 2 December 2021.
^ "Nature - Signed language". Nature. 23 October 2024. Retrieved 24 October 2024.
^ Smith, Chrystal (12 December 2018). "Checkmate: how we mastered the AlphaZero cover". sciencemag.org. Archived from the original on 2 July 2022. Retrieved 11 June 2020.
^ Kahng, Jee Heun (15 March 2016). "Google artificial intelligence program beats S. Korean Go pro with 4–1 score". Reuters. Archived from the original on 28 July 2017. Retrieved 30 June 2017.
^ "中国围棋协会授予AlphaGo职业九段并颁发证书-搜狐体育". sports.sohu.com. Archived from the original on 11 June 2020. Retrieved 11 June 2020.
^ "ノーベル化学賞ハサビス氏に日本棋院が九段免状を贈呈 | NHK". NHKニュース. 21 November 2024. Retrieved 22 November 2024.
^ Wentz, Laurel (22 June 2016). "Google DeepMind AlphaGo in U.K. Wins Innovation Grand Prix". Reuters. Archived from the original on 31 July 2016. Retrieved 30 July 2016.
^ "City AM Awards 2016". City AM Website. Archived from the original on 21 November 2016. Retrieved 20 November 2016.
^ Silver, Albert (4 November 2014). "BBC's Across the Board: Demis Hassabis". Chess News. Retrieved 25 April 2024.
^ "An AI named Cicero can beat humans in Diplomacy, a complex alliance-building game. Here's why that's a big deal". UNSW Sites. Retrieved 25 April 2024.
^ "HendonMob Poker database". Archived from the original on 23 April 2018. Retrieved 22 April 2018.
^ "Pentamind". Mind Sports Olympiad. 2015. Archived from the original on 15 August 2016. Retrieved 30 July 2016.

External links

Scholia has a profile for Demis Hassabis (Q3022141).

Demis Hassabis rating card at FIDE

[gs-1] Demis Hassabis publications indexed by Google Scholar

[2] "The Greater Gatsby". Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit. 5 August 2020. Retrieved 22 September 2024.

[phd-3] Hassabis, Demis (2009). Neural processes underpinning episodic memory. discovery.ucl.ac.uk (PhD thesis). University College London. OCLC 926193578. EThOS uk.bl.ethos.564607. Archived from the original on 29 April 2019. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

[AAA_bio-4] "Demis Hassabis, Ph.D."

[5] "College Notices – Cambridge University Reporter 6510". www.admin.cam.ac.uk. Retrieved 10 October 2024.

[6] "Demis Hassabis chess games - 365Chess.com". www.365chess.com. Retrieved 22 September 2024.

[7] Felice, Gino Di (16 January 2018). Chess International Titleholders, 1950-2016. McFarland. p. 127. ISBN 978-1-4766-3361-9. Retrieved 20 October 2024.

[Anon_2017-8] Anon (2017). "Demis HASSABIS". companieshouse.gov.uk. London: Companies House. Archived from the original on 27 April 2017. Retrieved 26 April 2017.

[9] Crist, Ry (4 November 2021). "Alphabet launches Isomorphic Labs, an AI-driven drug discovery startup". CNET. Archived from the original on 4 November 2021. Retrieved 4 November 2021.

[10] Coldeway, Devin (4 November 2021). "Isomorphic Labs is Alphabet's play in AI drug discovery". TechCrunch. Archived from the original on 2 July 2022. Retrieved 4 November 2021.

[11] Bonifacic, Igor (4 November 2021). "Alphabet's Isomorphic Labs is a new company focused on AI-driven drug discovery". www.msn.com. Archived from the original on 4 November 2021. Retrieved 4 November 2021.

[GOV.UK-12] "World-leading expert Demis Hassabis to advise new Government Office for Artificial Intelligence". GOV.UK. Archived from the original on 14 June 2020. Retrieved 14 June 2020.

[NobelPrize_2024_Summary-13] "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2024". Nobel Media AB. Retrieved 9 October 2024.

[NobelPrize_2024_Press_release-14] "Press release: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2024". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 9 October 2024.

[15] "Leading AI figures awarded honours". The Independent. 28 March 2024.

[16] "Nobel prize win for Greek Cypriot scientist". Cyprus Mail. 9 October 2024. Retrieved 11 October 2024.

[17] Dancel, Raul (9 October 2024). "Nobel Chemistry laureate Demis Hassabis has Singapore in his blood". The Straits Times. ISSN 0585-3923. Retrieved 11 October 2024.

[eveningstandard-18] Gardner, Jasmine (31 January 2014). "Exclusive interview: meet Demis Hassabis, London's megamind who just sold his company to Google for £400m". London Evening Standard. Archived from the original on 8 May 2017. Retrieved 3 April 2018.

[financialtimes-19] Ahmed, Murad (30 January 2015). "Lunch with the FT: Demis Hassabis". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 24 August 2015.

[chess-20] Demis Hassabis rating card at FIDE

[telegraph-21] "Demis Hassabis: the secretive computer boffin with the £400 million brain". The Daily Telegraph. 28 January 2014. Archived from the original on 10 May 2018. Retrieved 3 April 2018.

[22] "Demis Hassabis, PhD Biography and Interview". www.achievement.org. American Academy of Achievement. Archived from the original on 7 January 2019. Retrieved 22 April 2019.

[Hassabis-2020-23] Hassabis, Demis (5 December 2020). "BBC Radio 4 Profiles, 7pm 5 December 2020". BBC Podcast. Archived from the original on 5 December 2020. Retrieved 5 December 2020.

[fifteen-24] Gibbs, Samuel (28 January 2014). "Demis Hassabis: 15 facts about the DeepMind Technologies founder". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 16 August 2015. Retrieved 30 July 2016.

[25] 1995 Varsity Chess Match, Oxford v Cambridge – http://www.saund.co.uk/britbase/pgn/199503vars-viewer.html Archived 10 January 2018 at the Wayback Machine – BritBase

[26] 1996 Varsity Chess Match, Oxford v Cambridge – http://www.saund.co.uk/britbase/pgn/199603vars-viewer.html Archived 10 January 2018 at the Wayback Machine – BritBase

[27] 1997 Varsity Chess Match, Oxford v Cambridge – http://www.saund.co.uk/britbase/pgn/199703vars-viewer.html Archived 10 January 2018 at the Wayback Machine – BritBase

[28] "Amiga-news.de – Video interview with DeepMind founder: First AI program on Amiga".

[29] Gibbs, Samuel (28 January 2014). "Demis Hassabis: 15 facts about the DeepMind Technologies founder". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 22 September 2024.

[30] "Azeem's Picks: Demis Hassabis on DeepMind's Journey from Games to Fundamental Science". Harvard Business Review. 5 May 2023. ISSN 0017-8012. Retrieved 22 September 2024. I finished A Levels at 16, so I had quite a lot of time between then and going to Cambridge.

[31] Amiga Power N°16, August 1992, PP65-67 https://amr.abime.net/issue_16_pages

[time100DemisHassabis-32] "Time 100 AI 2023 – Demis Hassabis". TIME. Time. Retrieved 7 September 2023.

[desert-33] "Demis Hassabis on Desert Island Discs". Desert Island Discs. BBC. Archived from the original on 14 January 2018. Retrieved 18 February 2018.

[demishassabis.com-34] Hassabis, Demis (2014). "Demis Hassabis Personal Website". demishassabis.com. Archived from the original on 26 April 2015. Retrieved 30 July 2016.

[BBC-35] Hermida, Alfred (3 September 2003). "Game plays politics with your PC". BBC News. Archived from the original on 15 January 2007. Retrieved 29 April 2011.

[36] "Republic: The Revolution". Metacritic. Archived from the original on 7 February 2017. Retrieved 30 July 2016.

[37] "Evil Genius". Metacritic. Archived from the original on 12 August 2016. Retrieved 30 July 2016.

[Rebellion_Acquires_Vivendi_Licenses-38] Remo, Chris (14 July 2009). "Rebellion Acquires Vivendi Licenses, Considers New Franchise Titles". Gamasutra. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 30 July 2016.

[IGN_Elixir_Studios-39] "Elixir Studios". IGN. Archived from the original on 13 October 2012.

[40] Brooks R, Hassabis D, Bray D, Shashua A (2012). "Turing centenary: Is the brain a good model for machine intelligence?" (PDF). Nature. 482 (7386): 462–463. Bibcode:2012Natur.482..462.. doi:10.1038/482462a. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 22358812. S2CID 205070106. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 December 2017. Retrieved 26 April 2017.

[standard-41] Shead, Sam (21 May 2017). "The incredible life of DeepMind founder Demis Hassabis, the computer whiz who sold his AI lab to Google for £400 million". Business Insider. Archived from the original on 25 December 2017. Retrieved 22 December 2017.

[42] Hassabis, D.; Kumaran, D.; Vann, S. D.; Maguire, E. A. (2007). "Patients with hippocampal amnesia cannot imagine new experiences" (PDF). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 104 (5): 1726–31. Bibcode:2007PNAS..104.1726H. doi:10.1073/pnas.0610561104. PMC 1773058. PMID 17229836. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 August 2015. Retrieved 29 August 2015.

[43] Hassabis, D.; Kumaran, D.; Maguire, E. A. (2007). "Using Imagination to Understand the Neural Basis of Episodic Memory". The Journal of Neuroscience. 27 (52): 14365–14374. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4549-07.2007. PMC 2571957. PMID 18160644.

[44] Hassabis, D.; Maguire, E. A. (2007). "Deconstructing episodic memory with construction". Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 11 (7): 299–306. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2007.05.001. PMID 17548229. S2CID 13939288.

[Amnesiacs_May_Be_Cut_Off_From_Past_and_Future_Alike|-45] Carey, Benedict (23 January 2007). "Amnesiacs May Be Cut Off From Past and Future Alike". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2 July 2022. Retrieved 21 February 2017.

[Breakthrough_of_the_Year-46] The News Staff (2007). "BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR: The Runners-up". Science. 318 (5858): 1844a–. doi:10.1126/science.318.5858.1844a. PMID 18096772.

[47] Hassabis, Demis; Maguire, Eleanor A. (12 May 2009). "The construction system of the brain". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 364 (1521): 1263–1271. doi:10.1098/rstb.2008.0296. ISSN 0962-8436. PMC 2666702. PMID 19528007.

[48] Schacter, Daniel L.; Addis, Donna Rose; Hassabis, Demis; Martin, Victoria C.; Spreng, R. Nathan; Szpunar, Karl K. (21 November 2012). "The Future of Memory: Remembering, Imagining, and the Brain". Neuron. 76 (4): 677–694. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2012.11.001. ISSN 0896-6273. PMC 3815616. PMID 23177955.

[49] Rowan, David (22 June 2015). "DeepMind: Inside Google's Super Brain". Wired. Archived from the original on 21 August 2017. Retrieved 26 August 2017.

[50] Metz, Cade (19 May 2016). "What the AI Behind AlphaGo Can Teach Us About Being Human". Wired. Archived from the original on 29 May 2016. Retrieved 6 March 2017.

[51] Simonite, Tom (31 March 2016). "How Google Plans to Solve Artificial Intelligence". MIT Technology Review. Archived from the original on 16 August 2016. Retrieved 30 July 2016.

[Space_Invaders-52] Simonite, Tom (25 February 2015). "Google's AI Masters Space Invaders But Still Sucks at Pacman". MIT Technology Review. Archived from the original on 16 August 2016. Retrieved 30 July 2016.

[Angel_Profile-53] "DeepMind Technologies". Angel. 26 January 2015. Archived from the original on 19 September 2016. Retrieved 30 July 2016.

[Google_Buy-54] Gannes, Liz (26 January 2014). "Exclusive: Google to Buy Artificial Intelligence Startup DeepMind for $400m". Recode. Archived from the original on 24 July 2016. Retrieved 30 July 2016.

[Reuters_DeepMind-55] "Google to Buy Artificial Intelligence Company DeepMind". Reuters. 26 January 2015. Archived from the original on 22 April 2017. Retrieved 30 June 2017.

[56] Lomas, Natasha (19 September 2019). "Google completes controversial takeover of DeepMind Health". TechCrunch. Archived from the original on 1 October 2019. Retrieved 19 September 2019.

[57] Koch, Christof (19 March 2016). "How the Computer Beat the Go Master". Scientific American. Archived from the original on 6 September 2017. Retrieved 6 September 2017.

[58] Hassabis, Demis (21 April 2017). "The mind in the machine: Demis Hassabis on artificial intelligence". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 6 September 2017. Retrieved 6 September 2017.

[In_a_Huge_Breakthrough_Google's_AI_Beats_a_Top_Go_Player-59] Metz, Cade (27 January 2016). "In a Huge Breakthrough, Google's AI Beats a Top Player at the Game of Go". Wired. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 6 March 2017.

[A_Google_Computer_Victorious_Over_the_World's_Go_Champion-60] Yan, Sophia (12 March 2016). "A Google Computer Victorious Over the World's Go Champion". CNN Money. Archived from the original on 8 August 2020. Retrieved 3 August 2020.

[Google's_Secretive_DeepMind_Startup_Unveils_a_Neural_Turing_Machine-61] "Google's Secretive DeepMind Startup Unveils a Neural Turing Machine". MIT Technology Review. 29 October 2014. Archived from the original on 13 August 2016. Retrieved 30 July 2016.

[62] "DeepMind AI Reduces Google Data Centre Cooling Bill by 40%". DeepMind. 20 July 2016. Archived from the original on 20 October 2021. Retrieved 20 October 2021.

[Google_Developing_Kill_Switch_for_AI-63] "Google Developing Kill Switch for AI". BBC News. 8 June 2016. Archived from the original on 11 June 2016. Retrieved 21 June 2018.

[Newsweek_Big_Red_Button-64] Cuthbertson, Anthony (8 June 2016). "Google's Big Red Button Could Save the World". Newsweek. Archived from the original on 9 August 2016. Retrieved 30 July 2016.

[Google_DeepMind_pairs_with_NHS_to_use_machine_learning_to_fight_blindness-65] Hern, Alex (5 July 2016). "Google DeepMind pairs with NHS to use machine learning to fight blindness". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 16 August 2016. Retrieved 30 July 2016.

[Deep_RL-66] Silver, David (17 June 2016). "Deep Reinforcement Learning". DeepMind Blog. Retrieved 30 July 2016.

[67] "Whether AI will be good or bad, depends on how society uses it: Demis Hassabis, CEO, DeepMind". The Economic Times. 10 March 2018. Archived from the original on 29 March 2018. Retrieved 28 March 2018.

[68] Milmo, Dan (24 October 2023). "AI risk must be treated as seriously as climate crisis, says Google DeepMind chief". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 1 November 2024.

[CAIS-Statement-69] "Statement on AI Risk | CAIS". www.safe.ai. Retrieved 29 June 2023.

[70] Knight, Will. "Google DeepMind CEO Demis Hassabis Says Its Next Algorithm Will Eclipse ChatGPT". Wired. ISSN 1059-1028. Retrieved 29 June 2023.

[71] Sample, Ian (2 December 2018). "Google's DeepMind predicts 3D shapes of proteins". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 18 July 2019. Retrieved 3 December 2018.

[72] "AlphaFold: a solution to a 50-year-old grand challenge in biology". DeepMind. 30 November 2020. Archived from the original on 30 November 2020. Retrieved 30 November 2020.

[73] Briggs, Helen (30 November 2020). "One of biology's biggest mysteries 'largely solved' by AI". BBC News. Archived from the original on 30 November 2020. Retrieved 30 November 2020.

[74] Geddes, Linda (28 July 2022). "DeepMind uncovers structure of 200m proteins in scientific leap forward". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 1 November 2024.

[75] Burton-Hill, Clemency (16 February 2016). "The superhero of artificial intelligence: can this genius keep it in check?". The Observer.

[76] Ahmed, Murad (30 January 2015). "Lunch with the FT: Demis Hassabis". Financial Times.

[77] "Exclusive interview: meet Demis Hassabis, London's megamind who just sold his company to Google for £400m". Evening Standard. 7 February 2014.

[78] "The Thinking Game | 2024 Tribeca Festival". Tribeca. Retrieved 30 September 2024.

[79] "Clarivate Reveals Citation Laureates 2024". Clarivate. Retrieved 22 September 2024.

[80] "Announcement of The Keio Medical Science Prize 2024: Keio University". www.keio.ac.jp. Retrieved 22 September 2024.

[81] "National AI Awards 2024 winners Showcase Industry Innovation – National AI Awards". The National AI Awards. 13 September 2024. Retrieved 29 September 2024.

[82] "The 100 Most Influential People in AI 2024". TIME. Retrieved 18 September 2024.

[83] "Honorary degree recipients for 2024 announced". University of Oxford. 24 April 2024. Retrieved 20 July 2024.

[84] "CENTRAL CHANCERY OF THE ORDERS OF KNIGHTHOOD | Honours and Awards | The Gazette". www.thegazette.co.uk. Retrieved 10 October 2024.

[85] "Google DeepMind's Demis Hassabis among the recipients of prestigious computing award – BCS Lovelace Medal 2023 | BCS". www.bcs.org. Retrieved 10 October 2024.

[86] "Demis Hassabis to give UCL Prize Lecture 2023". UCL Health. 5 October 2023. Retrieved 29 September 2024.

[87] Admin, Lasker. "AlphaFold—for predicting protein structures". Lasker Foundation.

[88] "epfl". epfl. Retrieved 9 October 2024.

[89] "Academy of Europe: 2024+Nobel+Prize+in+Chemistry+to+Demis+Hassabis". www.ae-info.org. Retrieved 10 October 2024.

[90] Foundation, The Gairdner (30 March 2023). "2023 Canada Gairdner Award Winners Announced". The Gairdner Foundation.

[91] "Resignations and Appointments". press.vatican.va. Retrieved 22 September 2024.

[92] "Breakthrough Prizes 2023". Retrieved 22 September 2022.

[93] "Winners of the second ever VinFuture Prize Awards unveiled". VinFuture Prize. 21 December 2022. Retrieved 10 October 2024.

[94] Andina, Michele (2 February 2023). "A 'neutral' hub for artificial intelligence in the Swiss Alps". SWI swissinfo.ch. Retrieved 19 July 2023.

[95] "Find out about the BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award". Premios Fronteras.

[96] "Princess of Asturias Awards 2022". Archived from the original on 15 June 2022. Retrieved 15 June 2022.

[97] "Home | Wiley Foundation". www.wiley.com.

[98] "IRI Medal 2021". Archived from the original on 11 April 2022. Retrieved 4 June 2022.

[99] "Demis Hassabis". American Academy of Arts & Sciences. Retrieved 14 September 2022.

[100] "The 50 most influential people in Britain". British GQ. 5 February 2020. Archived from the original on 13 May 2020. Retrieved 13 June 2020.

[101] "Laureates 2020". www.dandavidprize.org. Archived from the original on 28 June 2021. Retrieved 13 February 2020.

[102] "The 50 most influential people in UK IT 2019". computerweekly.com. Archived from the original on 21 June 2020. Retrieved 13 June 2020.

[frs-103] "Demis Hassabis". Royal Society. Archived from the original on 13 June 2018. Retrieved 13 June 2018.

[104] "Distinguished scientists elected as Fellows and Foreign Members of the Royal Society". The Royal Society. Royal Society. Archived from the original on 9 May 2018. Retrieved 9 May 2018.

[105] "Honorary graduates, fellows and Imperial College medals | About | Imperial College London". www.imperial.ac.uk. Retrieved 14 September 2022.

[London_Gazette-106] "Demis HASSABIS, Order of the British Empire". The London Gazette. Archived from the original on 24 January 2018. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

[107] "New Year Honours 2018: AI chief Demis Hassabis made CBE". BBC News. 29 December 2017. Archived from the original on 19 August 2018. Retrieved 21 June 2018.

[108] Kurzweil, Ray (20 April 2017). "Demis Hassabis". Time. Archived from the original on 20 April 2017. Retrieved 20 April 2017.

[109] "Asian Awards". The Asian Awards. 2017. Archived from the original on 28 August 2017. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

[110] "Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering". Royal Academy of Engineering. 2017. Archived from the original on 2 October 2017. Retrieved 25 September 2017.

[111] "Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement". www.achievement.org. American Academy of Achievement. Archived from the original on 12 December 2017. Retrieved 22 April 2019.

[112] "2017 Summit Highlights Photo: Awards Council member and British cosmologist Lord Martin Rees presents the Golden Plate Award to Demis Hassabis, a British pioneer of artificial intelligence and Founder & CEO of DeepMind, at a ceremony in London". American Academy of Achievement. Archived from the original on 17 September 2020. Retrieved 4 October 2020.

[UCL_Honorary_Fellows-113] "Honorary Fellows of UCL". UCL Website. Archived from the original on 20 November 2016. Retrieved 20 November 2016.

[Evening_Standard_List-114] Crerar, Pippa (7 September 2016). "The Progress 1000: Mayor Sadiq Khan leads the Evening Standard's list of London's most influential people". Evening Standard. Archived from the original on 3 May 2017. Retrieved 3 April 2018.

[Royal_Academy_of_Engineering_Silver_Medal-115] "Royal Academy of Engineering Silver Medal". Royal Academy of Engineering. 2015. Archived from the original on 13 November 2016. Retrieved 30 July 2016.

[DeepMind_Wired-116] Manthorpe, Rowland (9 November 2016). "DeepMind and OpenBionics among the winners at the WIRED Audi Innovation Awards". Wired. Archived from the original on 25 August 2017. Retrieved 26 August 2017.

[n102016-117] Castelvecchi, Davide; Gibney, Elizabeth; Cressey, Daniel; Tollefson, Jeff; Butler, Declan; Van Noorden, Richard; Reardon, Sara; Ledford, Heidi; Witze, Alexandra (2016). "Nature's 10". Nature. 540 (7634): 507–515. Bibcode:2016Natur.540..507.. doi:10.1038/540507a. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 30905952.

[118] Anon (2016). "Nature's 10". Nature. 540 (7634): 507–515. Bibcode:2016Natur.540..507.. doi:10.1038/540507a. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 30905952.

[119] "Demis Hassabis, Ph.D." Academy of Achievement. Archived from the original on 17 September 2020. Retrieved 14 June 2020.

[Europe’s_Top_50_Tech_Entrepreneurs-120] "Europe's Top 50 Tech Entrepreneurs". Financial Times. 19 June 2015. Archived from the original on 2 July 2022. Retrieved 30 July 2016.

[121] Rice, Andrew (13 February 2015). "The Hassabis Fellowship in Computer Science". University of Cambridge, Queens' College – Computer Science. Archived from the original on 13 June 2020. Retrieved 13 June 2020.

[Leading_the_way:_Top_20_Londoners_in_The_1000_power_list-122] "Leading the way: Top 20 Londoners in The 1000 power list". Evening Standard. 16 October 2014. Archived from the original on 2 July 2022. Retrieved 3 April 2018.

[mullard-123] "Acclaimed Neuroscientist and Google DeepMind founder wins Royal Society Mullard Award". The Royal Society. 21 November 2014. Archived from the original on 10 October 2016. Retrieved 31 December 2014.

[The_Wired_Smart_List_2013-124] Redman, Craig (9 December 2013). "The Wired Smart List 2013". Wired. Archived from the original on 7 October 2019. Retrieved 26 August 2017.

[Artificial_Intelligence_and_the_Future_with_Demis_Hassabis-125] Anon (2015). "Artificial Intelligence and the Future with Demis Hassabis". rts.org.uk. Royal Television Society. Archived from the original on 7 August 2016. Retrieved 30 July 2016.

[126] "Science's 2021 Breakthrough of the Year: AI brings protein structures to all". www.science.org. Retrieved 14 September 2022.

[127] "Science's Breakthrough of the Year 2020: shots of hope in a pandemic-ravaged world". vis.sciencemag.org. Archived from the original on 30 October 2021. Retrieved 19 October 2021.

[128] "From AI to protein folding: Our Breakthrough runners-up". Science. 22 December 2016. Archived from the original on 17 June 2022. Retrieved 30 June 2022.

[Top_10_Scientific_Breakthroughs-129] The News Staff (21 December 2007). "The Runners-Up". Science. 318 (5858): 1844a – 1849a. doi:10.1126/science.318.5858.1844a. PMID 18096772.

[Cambridge_Computer_Laboratory_Hall_of_Fame_Awards-130] "Cambridge Computer Laboratory Hall of Fame Awards". University of Cambridge Website. 2016. Archived from the original on 3 February 2016. Retrieved 30 July 2016.

[131] "Volume 518 Issue 7540, 26 February 2015". nature.com. 24 February 2015. Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 June 2020.

[132] "Volume 529 Issue 7587, 28 January 2016". nature.com. 27 January 2016. Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 June 2020.

[133] "Volume 575 Issue 7782, 14 November 2019". nature.com. 8 November 2019. Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 June 2020.

[134] "Volume 577 Issue 7792, 30 January 2020". nature.com. 29 January 2020. Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 June 2020.

[135] "Volume 596 Issue 7873, 26 August 2021". www.nature.com. 25 August 2021. Archived from the original on 2 December 2021. Retrieved 2 December 2021.

[136] "Volume 600 Issue 7887, 2 December 2021". www.nature.com. December 2021. Archived from the original on 2 December 2021. Retrieved 2 December 2021.

[137] "Nature - Signed language". Nature. 23 October 2024. Retrieved 24 October 2024.

[138] Smith, Chrystal (12 December 2018). "Checkmate: how we mastered the AlphaZero cover". sciencemag.org. Archived from the original on 2 July 2022. Retrieved 11 June 2020.

[Google_artificial_intelligence_program_beats_S._Korean_Go_pro_with_4-1_score-139] Kahng, Jee Heun (15 March 2016). "Google artificial intelligence program beats S. Korean Go pro with 4–1 score". Reuters. Archived from the original on 28 July 2017. Retrieved 30 June 2017.

[140] "中国围棋协会授予AlphaGo职业九段并颁发证书-搜狐体育". sports.sohu.com. Archived from the original on 11 June 2020. Retrieved 11 June 2020.

[141] "ノーベル化学賞ハサビス氏に日本棋院が九段免状を贈呈 | NHK". NHKニュース. 21 November 2024. Retrieved 22 November 2024.

[Google_DeepMind_AlphaGo_in_U.K._Wins_Innovation_Grand_Prix-142] Wentz, Laurel (22 June 2016). "Google DeepMind AlphaGo in U.K. Wins Innovation Grand Prix". Reuters. Archived from the original on 31 July 2016. Retrieved 30 July 2016.

[143] "City AM Awards 2016". City AM Website. Archived from the original on 21 November 2016. Retrieved 20 November 2016.

[144] Silver, Albert (4 November 2014). "BBC's Across the Board: Demis Hassabis". Chess News. Retrieved 25 April 2024.

[145] "An AI named Cicero can beat humans in Diplomacy, a complex alliance-building game. Here's why that's a big deal". UNSW Sites. Retrieved 25 April 2024.

[146] "HendonMob Poker database". Archived from the original on 23 April 2018. Retrieved 22 April 2018.

[Pentamind-147] "Pentamind". Mind Sports Olympiad. 2015. Archived from the original on 15 August 2016. Retrieved 30 July 2016.

[4]

[5]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

[28]

[29]

[30]

[31]

[32]

[33]

[34]

[35]

[36]

[37]

[38]

[39]

[40]

[41]

[42]

[43]

[44]

[45]

[46]

[47]

[48]

[49]

[50]

[51]

[52]

[53]

[54]

[55]

[56]

[57]

[58]

[59]

[60]

[61]

[62]

[63]

[64]

[65]

[66]

[67]

[68]

[69]

[70]

[71]

[72]

[73]

[74]

[75]

[76]

[77]

[78]

[79]

[80]

[81]

[82]

[83]

[84]

[85]

[86]

[87]

[88]

[89]

[90]

[91]

[92]

[93]

[94]

[95]

[96]

[97]

[98]

[99]

[100]

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 {{Use British English|date=November 2013}}
 {{Infobox scientist
-| name              = Sir Demis Hassabis
+| honorific_prefix   = [[Sir]]
+| name              = Demis Hassabis
 | honorific_suffix  = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|CBE|FRS|FREng|FRSA|size=100%}}
 | native_name       =
 | native_name_lang  =
-| image             = Demis_Hassabis_Royal_Society.jpg
+| image             = Demis Hassabis, 2024 Nobel Prize Laureate in Chemistry (cropped).jpg
 | image_size        =
 | alt               =
-| caption           = Demis Hassabis at the [[Royal Society]] admissions day in London, July 2018
+| caption           = Hassabis in 2024
 | birth_date        = {{birth date and age|1976|7|27|df=y}}<ref name="AAA bio" >{{cite web | url=https://achievement.org/achiever/demis-hassabis-ph-d/#biography | title=Demis Hassabis, Ph.D. }}</ref>
 | birth_place       = London, England<ref name="AAA bio" />
@@ Line 30: / Line 31: @@
 }}
 | patrons           =
-| education         = {{Plainlist|
-* [[Queen Elizabeth's School, Barnet]]
-* [[Christ's College, Finchley]]}}
 | alma_mater        = {{Plainlist|
-* [[University of Cambridge]] (MA)<ref>{{cite web |title=College Notices – Cambridge University Reporter 6510 |url=https://www.admin.cam.ac.uk/reporter/2017-18/weekly/6510/section8.shtml |website=www.admin.cam.ac.uk |access-date=10 October 2024}}</ref>
+* [[University of Cambridge]] ([[MA (Oxon)|MA]])<ref>{{cite web |title=College Notices – Cambridge University Reporter 6510 |url=https://www.admin.cam.ac.uk/reporter/2017-18/weekly/6510/section8.shtml |website=www.admin.cam.ac.uk |access-date=10 October 2024}}</ref>
-* [[University College London]] (PhD)}}
+* [[University College London]] ([[PhD]])}}
 | thesis_title      = Neural processes underpinning episodic memory
 | thesis_url        = http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.564607
@@ Line 48: / Line 46: @@
 * [[AlphaFold]]}}
 | awards            = {{Plainlist|
+* [[The Asian Awards]] (2017)
 * [[Dan David Prize]] (2020)
 * [[BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award]] (2022)
@@ Line 65: / Line 64: @@
 |title = [[Candidate Master]]
 |rating = [https://ratings.fide.com/profile/401307/chart 2220] (March 2019)
+|peakrating = 2300 (January 1990)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Felice |first1=Gino Di |title=Chess International Titleholders, 1950-2016 |date=16 January 2018 |publisher=McFarland |isbn=978-1-4766-3361-9 |page=127 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0dBHDwAAQBAJ |access-date=20 October 2024 |language=en}}</ref>
-|peakrating = 2300 (January 1990)
 |country = [[England]]
 |yearsactive = 1988–2019<ref>{{cite web |title=Demis Hassabis chess games - 365Chess.com |url=https://www.365chess.com/players/Demis_Hassabis |website=www.365chess.com |access-date=22 September 2024}}</ref>
 }}
 }}
-'''Sir Demis Hassabis''' (born 27 July 1976) is a British Nobel laureate, [[computer scientist]], [[artificial intelligence]] researcher, entrepreneur, and [[chess]] player. In his early career, he was a [[video game]] AI [[programmer]] and [[designer]], and an expert [[board game]]s player.<ref name="eveningstandard" /><ref name="chess">{{fide|id=401307}}</ref><ref name="telegraph">{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/10602390/Demis-Hassabis-the-secretive-computer-boffin-with-the-400-million-brain.html|title=Demis Hassabis: the secretive computer boffin with the £400 million brain|newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=28 January 2014|access-date=3 April 2018|archive-date=10 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180510073553/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/10602390/Demis-Hassabis-the-secretive-computer-boffin-with-the-400-million-brain.html|url-status=live}}</ref> He is the [[chief executive officer]] and co-founder of [[Google DeepMind]]<ref name="Anon 2017">{{Cite web|url=https://beta.companieshouse.gov.uk/officers/hI2vPPsUbVlqy9lHB_I6GiDdyKM/appointments|title=Demis HASSABIS|website=companieshouse.gov.uk|publisher=[[Companies House]]|location=London|author=Anon|year=2017|access-date=26 April 2017|archive-date=27 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170427100437/https://beta.companieshouse.gov.uk/officers/hI2vPPsUbVlqy9lHB_I6GiDdyKM/appointments|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[Isomorphic Labs]],<ref>{{Cite web|last=Crist|first=Ry|title=Alphabet launches Isomorphic Labs, an AI-driven drug discovery startup|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/alphabet-launches-isomorphic-labs-an-ai-driven-drug-discovery-startup/|date=4 November 2021|website=CNET|language=en|access-date=4 November 2021|archive-date=4 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211104215314/https://www.cnet.com/news/alphabet-launches-isomorphic-labs-an-ai-driven-drug-discovery-startup/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Isomorphic Labs is Alphabet's play in AI drug discovery|url=https://techcrunch.com/2021/11/04/isomorphic-labs-is-alphabets-play-in-ai-drug-discovery/|last=Coldeway|first=Devin|date=4 November 2021|website=TechCrunch|language=en-US|access-date=4 November 2021|archive-date=2 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702082106/https://techcrunch.com/2021/11/04/isomorphic-labs-is-alphabets-play-in-ai-drug-discovery/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Alphabet's Isomorphic Labs is a new company focused on AI-driven drug discovery|url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/alphabets-isomorphic-labs-is-a-new-company-focused-on-ai-driven-drug-discovery/ar-AAQkxkn|first=Igor|last=Bonifacic|date=4 November 2021|website=www.msn.com|access-date=4 November 2021|archive-date=4 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211104215314/https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/alphabets-isomorphic-labs-is-a-new-company-focused-on-ai-driven-drug-discovery/ar-AAQkxkn|url-status=live}}</ref> and a UK Government AI Adviser.<ref name="GOV.UK">{{Cite web |title=World-leading expert Demis Hassabis to advise new Government Office for Artificial Intelligence |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/world-leading-expert-demis-hassabis-to-advise-new-government-office-for-artificial-intelligence |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200614145823/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/world-leading-expert-demis-hassabis-to-advise-new-government-office-for-artificial-intelligence |archive-date=14 June 2020 |access-date=14 June 2020 |website=GOV.UK |language=en}}</ref>
+'''Sir Demis Hassabis''' (born 27 July 1976) is a British [[artificial intelligence]] (AI) researcher, and entrepreneur. He is the [[chief executive officer]] and co-founder of [[Google DeepMind]],<ref name="Anon 2017">{{Cite web|url=https://beta.companieshouse.gov.uk/officers/hI2vPPsUbVlqy9lHB_I6GiDdyKM/appointments|title=Demis HASSABIS|website=companieshouse.gov.uk|publisher=[[Companies House]]|location=London|author=Anon|year=2017|access-date=26 April 2017|archive-date=27 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170427100437/https://beta.companieshouse.gov.uk/officers/hI2vPPsUbVlqy9lHB_I6GiDdyKM/appointments|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[Isomorphic Labs]],<ref>{{Cite web|last=Crist|first=Ry|title=Alphabet launches Isomorphic Labs, an AI-driven drug discovery startup|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/alphabet-launches-isomorphic-labs-an-ai-driven-drug-discovery-startup/|date=4 November 2021|website=CNET|language=en|access-date=4 November 2021|archive-date=4 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211104215314/https://www.cnet.com/news/alphabet-launches-isomorphic-labs-an-ai-driven-drug-discovery-startup/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Isomorphic Labs is Alphabet's play in AI drug discovery|url=https://techcrunch.com/2021/11/04/isomorphic-labs-is-alphabets-play-in-ai-drug-discovery/|last=Coldeway|first=Devin|date=4 November 2021|website=TechCrunch|language=en-US|access-date=4 November 2021|archive-date=2 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702082106/https://techcrunch.com/2021/11/04/isomorphic-labs-is-alphabets-play-in-ai-drug-discovery/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Alphabet's Isomorphic Labs is a new company focused on AI-driven drug discovery|url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/alphabets-isomorphic-labs-is-a-new-company-focused-on-ai-driven-drug-discovery/ar-AAQkxkn|first=Igor|last=Bonifacic|date=4 November 2021|website=www.msn.com|access-date=4 November 2021|archive-date=4 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211104215314/https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/alphabets-isomorphic-labs-is-a-new-company-focused-on-ai-driven-drug-discovery/ar-AAQkxkn|url-status=live}}</ref> and a UK Government AI Adviser.<ref name="GOV.UK">{{Cite web |title=World-leading expert Demis Hassabis to advise new Government Office for Artificial Intelligence |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/world-leading-expert-demis-hassabis-to-advise-new-government-office-for-artificial-intelligence |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200614145823/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/world-leading-expert-demis-hassabis-to-advise-new-government-office-for-artificial-intelligence |archive-date=14 June 2020 |access-date=14 June 2020 |website=GOV.UK |language=en}}</ref> In 2024, Hassabis and [[John M. Jumper]] were jointly awarded the [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]] for their AI research contributions for [[protein structure prediction]].<ref name="NobelPrize_2024_Summary">{{cite web |title=The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2024 |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2024/summary/ |accessdate=9 October 2024 |publisher=Nobel Media AB}}</ref><ref name="NobelPrize_2024_Press_release">{{Cite web |title=Press release: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2024 |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2024/press-release/ |access-date=9 October 2024 |website=NobelPrize.org |language=en-US}}</ref>
-He is a [[Fellow of the Royal Society]], and has won many prestigious awards for his work on [[AlphaFold]] including the [[Breakthrough Prize]], the [[Canada Gairdner International Award]], and the [[Lasker Award]]. In 2017 he was appointed a [[Order of the British Empire|CBE]] and listed in the [[Time 100]] most influential people list. In 2024 he was [[Knight Bachelor|knighted]] for services to AI.<ref>{{cite news |title=Leading AI figures awarded honours |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/deepmind-government-google-bletchley-park-milton-keynes-b2520327.html |work=The Independent |date=28 March 2024 |language=en}}</ref>
+Hassabis is a [[Fellow of the Royal Society]], and has won many prestigious awards for his research work including the [[Breakthrough Prize]], the [[Canada Gairdner International Award]], and the [[Lasker Award]]. In 2017 he was appointed a [[Order of the British Empire|CBE]] and listed in the [[Time 100]] most influential people list. In 2024 he was [[Knight Bachelor|knighted]] for services to AI.<ref>{{cite news |title=Leading AI figures awarded honours |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/deepmind-government-google-bletchley-park-milton-keynes-b2520327.html |work=The Independent |date=28 March 2024 |language=en}}</ref>
-Hassabis and [[John M. Jumper]] were awarded half of the 2024 [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]] for their [[protein folding]] [[protein structure prediction|predictions]] using AlphaFold.<ref name="NobelPrize_2024_Summary">{{cite web|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2024/summary/|title=The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2024|publisher= Nobel Media AB |accessdate= 9 October 2024}}</ref><ref name="NobelPrize_2024_Press_release">{{Cite web |title=Press release: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2024 |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2024/press-release/ |access-date=9 October 2024 |website=NobelPrize.org |language=en-US}}</ref>
-Hassabis is a major promoter of the idea of [[Existential risk from AI|existential risk from artificial intelligence]], arguing smarter-than-human AI is likely only a few years away and is likely to cause [[Human extinction|human extinction,]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=AI risk must be treated as seriously as climate crisis, says Google DeepMind chief {{!}} Technology {{!}} The Guardian |url=https://amp.theguardian.com/technology/2023/oct/24/ai-risk-climate-crisis-google-deepmind-chief-demis-hassabis-regulation |access-date=10 October 2024 |website=amp.theguardian.com}}</ref> particularly if [[Misuse of artificial intelligence|misused]]. In 2023, Hassabis signed [[Statement on AI risk of extinction|the statement]] that "Mitigating the risk of extinction from AI should be a global priority alongside other societal-scale risks such as pandemics and nuclear war".<ref name="CAIS-Statement" />
 ==Early life and education==
-Hassabis was born to a [[Greek Cypriots|Greek Cypriot]] father<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-09 |title=Nobel prize win for Greek Cypriot scientist |url=https://cyprus-mail.com/2024/10/09/nobel-prize-win-for-greek-cypriot-scientist/ |access-date=2024-10-11 |website=cyprus-mail.com |language=en}}</ref> and a [[Chinese Singaporeans|Singaporean Chinese]] mother<ref>{{Cite news |last=DancelCorrespondent |first=Raul |date=2024-10-09 |title=Nobel Chemistry laureate Demis Hassabis has Singapore in his blood |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/australianz/nobel-chemistry-laureate-demis-hassabis-has-singapore-in-his-blood |access-date=2024-10-11 |work=The Straits Times |language=en |issn=0585-3923}}</ref> and grew up in [[North London]].<ref name="eveningstandard">{{Cite news|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/lifestyle/london-life/exclusive-interview-meet-demis-hassabis-londons-megamind-who-just-sold-his-company-to-google-for-9098707.html|title=Exclusive interview: meet Demis Hassabis, London's megamind who just sold his company to Google for £400m|newspaper=[[London Evening Standard]]|last=Gardner|first=Jasmine|date=31 January 2014|access-date=3 April 2018|archive-date=8 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508024222/http://www.standard.co.uk/lifestyle/london-life/exclusive-interview-meet-demis-hassabis-londons-megamind-who-just-sold-his-company-to-google-for-9098707.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="financialtimes">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/47aa9aa4-a7a5-11e4-be63-00144feab7de.html#axzz3jgbWctw6|title=Lunch with the FT: Demis Hassabis|work=[[Financial Times]]|date=30 January 2015|first=Murad|last=Ahmed|access-date=24 August 2015|archive-date=24 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924153218/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/47aa9aa4-a7a5-11e4-be63-00144feab7de.html#axzz3jgbWctw6|url-status=live}}</ref> A [[child prodigy]] in chess from the age of four,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Demis Hassabis, PhD Biography and Interview|website=www.achievement.org|publisher=[[American Academy of Achievement]]|url=https://www.achievement.org/achiever/demis-hassabis-ph-d/#interview|access-date=22 April 2019|archive-date=7 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107122625/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/demis-hassabis-ph-d#interview|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Hassabis-2020">{{Cite web|last=Hassabis|first=Demis|date=5 December 2020|title=BBC Radio 4 Profiles, 7pm 5 December 2020|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m000q3nq|access-date=5 December 2020|website=BBC Podcast|archive-date=5 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205191935/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m000q3nq|url-status=live}}</ref> Hassabis reached master standard at the age of 13 with an [[Elo rating]] of 2300 and captained many of the [[England]] junior chess teams.<ref name="fifteen">{{Cite news|last=Gibbs |first=Samuel |date=28 January 2014 |title=Demis Hassabis: 15 facts about the DeepMind Technologies founder |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/shortcuts/2014/jan/28/demis-hassabis-15-facts-deepmind-technologies-founder-google |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150816075737/http://www.theguardian.com/technology/shortcuts/2014/jan/28/demis-hassabis-15-facts-deepmind-technologies-founder-google |archive-date=16 August 2015 |access-date=30 July 2016 |work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> He represented the University of Cambridge in the Oxford–Cambridge [[List of British and Irish varsity matches|varsity chess matches]] of 1995,<ref>1995 Varsity Chess Match, Oxford v Cambridge – http://www.saund.co.uk/britbase/pgn/199503vars-viewer.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180110174614/http://www.saund.co.uk/britbase/pgn/199503vars-viewer.html |date=10 January 2018 }} – BritBase</ref> 1996<ref>1996 Varsity Chess Match, Oxford v Cambridge – http://www.saund.co.uk/britbase/pgn/199603vars-viewer.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180110174644/http://www.saund.co.uk/britbase/pgn/199603vars-viewer.html |date=10 January 2018 }} – BritBase</ref> and 1997,<ref>1997 Varsity Chess Match, Oxford v Cambridge – http://www.saund.co.uk/britbase/pgn/199703vars-viewer.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180110174616/http://www.saund.co.uk/britbase/pgn/199703vars-viewer.html |date=10 January 2018 }} – BritBase</ref> winning a [[half blue]].
+Hassabis was born to a [[Greek Cypriots|Greek Cypriot]] father<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-09 |title=Nobel prize win for Greek Cypriot scientist |url=https://cyprus-mail.com/2024/10/09/nobel-prize-win-for-greek-cypriot-scientist/ |access-date=2024-10-11 |website=[[Cyprus Mail]] |language=en}}</ref> and a [[Singaporeans|Singaporean]] mother<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dancel |first=Raul |date=2024-10-09 |title=Nobel Chemistry laureate Demis Hassabis has Singapore in his blood |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/australianz/nobel-chemistry-laureate-demis-hassabis-has-singapore-in-his-blood |access-date=2024-10-11 |work=The [[The Straits Times|Straits Times]] |language=en |issn=0585-3923}}</ref> and grew up in [[North London]].<ref name="eveningstandard">{{Cite news|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/lifestyle/london-life/exclusive-interview-meet-demis-hassabis-londons-megamind-who-just-sold-his-company-to-google-for-9098707.html|title=Exclusive interview: meet Demis Hassabis, London's megamind who just sold his company to Google for £400m|newspaper=[[London Evening Standard]]|last=Gardner|first=Jasmine|date=31 January 2014|access-date=3 April 2018|archive-date=8 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508024222/http://www.standard.co.uk/lifestyle/london-life/exclusive-interview-meet-demis-hassabis-londons-megamind-who-just-sold-his-company-to-google-for-9098707.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="financialtimes">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/47aa9aa4-a7a5-11e4-be63-00144feab7de.html#axzz3jgbWctw6|title=Lunch with the FT: Demis Hassabis|work=[[Financial Times]]|date=30 January 2015|first=Murad|last=Ahmed|access-date=24 August 2015|archive-date=24 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924153218/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/47aa9aa4-a7a5-11e4-be63-00144feab7de.html#axzz3jgbWctw6|url-status=live}}</ref> In his early career, he was a [[video game]] AI [[programmer]] and [[designer]], and an expert [[board game]]s player.<ref name="eveningstandard" /><ref name="chess">{{fide|id=401307}}</ref><ref name="telegraph">{{Cite news |date=28 January 2014 |title=Demis Hassabis: the secretive computer boffin with the £400 million brain |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/10602390/Demis-Hassabis-the-secretive-computer-boffin-with-the-400-million-brain.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180510073553/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/10602390/Demis-Hassabis-the-secretive-computer-boffin-with-the-400-million-brain.html |archive-date=10 May 2018 |access-date=3 April 2018 |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]]}}</ref> A [[child prodigy]] in chess from the age of four,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Demis Hassabis, PhD Biography and Interview|website=www.achievement.org|publisher=[[American Academy of Achievement]]|url=https://www.achievement.org/achiever/demis-hassabis-ph-d/#interview|access-date=22 April 2019|archive-date=7 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107122625/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/demis-hassabis-ph-d#interview|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Hassabis-2020">{{Cite web|last=Hassabis|first=Demis|date=5 December 2020|title=BBC Radio 4 Profiles, 7pm 5 December 2020|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m000q3nq|access-date=5 December 2020|website=BBC Podcast|archive-date=5 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205191935/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m000q3nq|url-status=live}}</ref> Hassabis reached master standard at the age of 13 with an [[Elo rating]] of 2300 and captained many of the [[England]] junior chess teams.<ref name="fifteen">{{Cite news|last=Gibbs |first=Samuel |date=28 January 2014 |title=Demis Hassabis: 15 facts about the DeepMind Technologies founder |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/shortcuts/2014/jan/28/demis-hassabis-15-facts-deepmind-technologies-founder-google |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150816075737/http://www.theguardian.com/technology/shortcuts/2014/jan/28/demis-hassabis-15-facts-deepmind-technologies-founder-google |archive-date=16 August 2015 |access-date=30 July 2016 |work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> He represented the University of Cambridge in the Oxford–Cambridge [[List of British and Irish varsity matches|varsity chess matches]] of 1995,<ref>1995 Varsity Chess Match, Oxford v Cambridge – http://www.saund.co.uk/britbase/pgn/199503vars-viewer.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180110174614/http://www.saund.co.uk/britbase/pgn/199503vars-viewer.html |date=10 January 2018 }} – BritBase</ref> 1996<ref>1996 Varsity Chess Match, Oxford v Cambridge – http://www.saund.co.uk/britbase/pgn/199603vars-viewer.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180110174644/http://www.saund.co.uk/britbase/pgn/199603vars-viewer.html |date=10 January 2018 }} – BritBase</ref> and 1997,<ref>1997 Varsity Chess Match, Oxford v Cambridge – http://www.saund.co.uk/britbase/pgn/199703vars-viewer.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180110174616/http://www.saund.co.uk/britbase/pgn/199703vars-viewer.html |date=10 January 2018 }} – BritBase</ref> winning a [[half blue]].
-Between 1988 and 1990, Hassabis was educated at [[Queen Elizabeth's School, Barnet]], a boys' [[grammar school]] in North London. He was subsequently home-schooled by his parents, during which time he bought his first computer, a [[ZX Spectrum]] 48K funded from chess winnings, and taught himself how to program from books.<ref name="Hassabis-2020" /> He then studied at the [[comprehensive school]] [[Christ's College, Finchley]].<ref name="eveningstandard" /> He completed his [[GCE Advanced Level|A-level]] exams two years early at 16.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gibbs |first=Samuel |date=28 January 2014 |title=Demis Hassabis: 15 facts about the DeepMind Technologies founder |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/shortcuts/2014/jan/28/demis-hassabis-15-facts-deepmind-technologies-founder-google |access-date=22 September 2024 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=5 May 2023 |title=Azeem's Picks: Demis Hassabis on DeepMind's Journey from Games to Fundamental Science |url=https://hbr.org/podcast/2023/05/azeems-picks-demis-hassabis-on-deepminds-journey-from-games-to-fundamental-science |access-date=22 September 2024 |work=Harvard Business Review |issn=0017-8012 |quote=I finished A Levels at 16, so I had quite a lot of time between then and going to Cambridge.}}</ref>
+Between 1988 and 1990, Hassabis was educated at [[Queen Elizabeth's School, Barnet]], a boys' [[grammar school]] in North London. He was subsequently home-schooled by his parents, during which time he bought his first computer, a [[ZX Spectrum]] 48K funded from chess winnings, and taught himself how to program from books.<ref name="Hassabis-2020" /> He wrote its first AI program on a [[Amiga|Commodore Amiga]] based on the [[reversi]] board game. <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.amiga-news.de/en/news/AN-2022-07-00008-EN.html | title=Amiga-news.de – Video interview with DeepMind founder: First AI program on Amiga }}</ref> He then studied at the [[comprehensive school]] [[Christ's College, Finchley]].<ref name="eveningstandard" /> He completed his [[GCE Advanced Level|A-level]] exams two years early at 16.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gibbs |first=Samuel |date=28 January 2014 |title=Demis Hassabis: 15 facts about the DeepMind Technologies founder |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/shortcuts/2014/jan/28/demis-hassabis-15-facts-deepmind-technologies-founder-google |access-date=22 September 2024 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=5 May 2023 |title=Azeem's Picks: Demis Hassabis on DeepMind's Journey from Games to Fundamental Science |url=https://hbr.org/podcast/2023/05/azeems-picks-demis-hassabis-on-deepminds-journey-from-games-to-fundamental-science |access-date=22 September 2024 |work=Harvard Business Review |issn=0017-8012 |quote=I finished A Levels at 16, so I had quite a lot of time between then and going to Cambridge.}}</ref>
 ===Bullfrog Productions===
-Asked by Cambridge University to take a [[gap year]] due to his young age,<ref name="Hassabis-2020" /> Hassabis began his computer games career at [[Bullfrog Productions]], first level designing on ''[[Syndicate (1993 video game)|Syndicate]]'', and then at 17 co-designing and lead programming on the 1994 game ''[[Theme Park (video game)|Theme Park]]'', with the game's designer [[Peter Molyneux]].<ref name="time100DemisHassabis">{{cite magazine |title=Time 100 AI 2023 – Demis Hassabis |url=https://time.com/collection/time100-ai/6309001/demis-hassabis-ai/ |magazine=[[TIME]] |publisher=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |access-date=7 September 2023}}</ref> ''Theme Park'', a [[simulation video game]], sold several million copies<ref name="fifteen" /> and inspired a whole genre of simulation [[sandbox game]]s. He earned enough from his gap year to pay his own way through university.<ref name="Hassabis-2020" />
+Asked by Cambridge University to take a [[gap year]] due to his young age,<ref name="Hassabis-2020" /> Hassabis began his computer games career at [[Bullfrog Productions]] after entering an [[Amiga Power]] "Win-a-job-at-Bullfrog" competition.<ref>Amiga Power N°16, August 1992, PP65-67  https://amr.abime.net/issue_16_pages</ref> He began first by level designing on ''[[Syndicate (1993 video game)|Syndicate]]'', and then at 17 co-designing and lead programming on the 1994 game ''[[Theme Park (video game)|Theme Park]]'', with the game's designer [[Peter Molyneux]].<ref name="time100DemisHassabis">{{cite magazine |title=Time 100 AI 2023 – Demis Hassabis |url=https://time.com/collection/time100-ai/6309001/demis-hassabis-ai/ |magazine=[[TIME]] |publisher=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |access-date=7 September 2023}}</ref> ''Theme Park'', a [[simulation video game]], sold several million copies<ref name="fifteen" /> and inspired a whole genre of simulation [[sandbox game]]s. He earned enough from his gap year to pay his own way through university.<ref name="Hassabis-2020" />
 ===University of Cambridge===
@@ Line 91: / Line 86: @@
 ==Career and research==
 ===Lionhead===
-After graduating from Cambridge, Hassabis worked at [[Lionhead Studios]].<ref name="desert">{{Cite web |title=Demis Hassabis on Desert Island Discs |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b08qy1sl |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180114175005/http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b08qy1sl |archive-date=14 January 2018 |access-date=18 February 2018 |website=[[Desert Island Discs]] |publisher=[[BBC]]}}</ref> Games designer Peter Molyneux, with whom Hassabis had worked at Bullfrog Productions, had recently founded the company. At Lionhead, Hassabis worked as lead AI programmer on the 2001 [[god game]] ''[[Black & White (video game)|Black & White]].<ref name=fifteen/>
+After graduating from Cambridge, Hassabis worked at [[Lionhead Studios]].<ref name="desert">{{Cite web |title=Demis Hassabis on Desert Island Discs |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b08qy1sl |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180114175005/http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b08qy1sl |archive-date=14 January 2018 |access-date=18 February 2018 |website=[[Desert Island Discs]] |publisher=[[BBC]]}}</ref> Games designer Peter Molyneux, with whom Hassabis had worked at Bullfrog Productions, had recently founded the company. At Lionhead, Hassabis worked as lead AI programmer on the 2001 [[god game]] ''[[Black & White (video game)|Black & White]]''.<ref name=fifteen/>
 ===Elixir Studios===
-Hassabis left Lionhead in 1998 to found [[Elixir Studios]], a London-based independent games developer, signing publishing deals with [[Eidos Interactive]], [[Vivendi Universal]] and [[Microsoft]].<ref name="demishassabis.com">{{Cite web |last=Hassabis |first=Demis |date=2014 |title=Demis Hassabis Personal Website |url=http://demishassabis.com/biography/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150426021842/http://demishassabis.com/biography |archive-date=26 April 2015 |access-date=30 July 2016 |website=demishassabis.com}}</ref> In addition to managing the company, Hassabis served as executive designer of the [[BAFTA]]-nominated games ''[[Republic: The Revolution]]'' and ''[[Evil Genius (game)|Evil Genius]]''.<ref name=fifteen/>
+Hassabis left Lionhead in 1998 to found [[Elixir Studios]], a London-based independent games developer, signing publishing deals with [[Eidos Interactive]], [[Vivendi Universal]] and [[Microsoft]].<ref name="demishassabis.com">{{Cite web |last=Hassabis |first=Demis |date=2014 |title=Demis Hassabis Personal Website |url=http://demishassabis.com/biography/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150426021842/http://demishassabis.com/biography |archive-date=26 April 2015 |access-date=30 July 2016 |website=demishassabis.com}}</ref> In addition to managing the company, Hassabis served as executive designer of the games ''[[Republic: The Revolution]]'' and ''[[Evil Genius (game)|Evil Genius]].''<ref name="fifteen" /> Each received [[BAFTA]] Nominations for their interactive music scores, created by [[James Hannigan]].
 The release of Elixir's first game, ''[[Republic: The Revolution]]'', a highly ambitious and unusual political simulation game,<ref name="BBC">{{Cite news |last=Hermida |first=Alfred |date=3 September 2003 |title=Game plays politics with your PC |work=[[BBC News]] |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/3201221.stm |url-status=live |access-date=29 April 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070115192457/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/3201221.stm |archive-date=15 January 2007}}</ref> was delayed due to its huge scope, which involved an AI simulation of the workings of an entire fictional country. The final game was reduced from its original vision and greeted with lukewarm reviews, receiving a [[Metacritic]] score of 62/100.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Republic: The Revolution |url=https://www.metacritic.com/game/republic-the-revolution/critic-reviews/?platform=pc |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207220843/http://www.metacritic.com/game/pc/republic-the-revolution |archive-date=7 February 2017 |access-date=30 July 2016 |website=[[Metacritic]]}}</ref> [[Evil Genius (game)|Evil Genius]], a tongue-in-cheek Bond villain simulator, fared much better with a score of 75/100.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.metacritic.com/game/evil-genius/critic-reviews/?platform=pc|title=Evil Genius|website=Metacritic|access-date=30 July 2016|archive-date=12 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160812170413/http://www.metacritic.com/game/pc/evil-genius|url-status=live}}</ref> In April 2005 the intellectual property and technology rights were sold to various publishers and the studio was closed.<ref name="Rebellion Acquires Vivendi Licenses">{{Cite web |last=Remo |first=Chris |date=14 July 2009 |title=Rebellion Acquires Vivendi Licenses, Considers New Franchise Titles |url=http://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/24429/Rebellion_Acquires_Vivendi_Licenses_Considers_New_Franchise_Titles.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303172423/http://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/24429/Rebellion_Acquires_Vivendi_Licenses_Considers_New_Franchise_Titles.php |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=30 July 2016 |work=[[Gamasutra]]}}</ref><ref name="IGN Elixir Studios">{{Cite web |title=Elixir Studios |url=https://www.ign.com/companies/elixir-studios |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121013011655/http://www.ign.com/companies/elixir-studios |archive-date=13 October 2012 |work=[[IGN]]}}</ref>
@@ Line 108: / Line 103: @@
 ===DeepMind===
-Hassabis is the CEO and co-founder of [[DeepMind]], a [[machine learning]] AI startup, founded in London in 2010 with [[Shane Legg]] and [[Mustafa Suleyman]]. Hassabis met Legg when both were [[Postdoctoral researcher|postdocs]] at the Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit, and he and Suleyman had been friends through family.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Rowan |first=David |date=22 June 2015 |title=DeepMind: Inside Google's Super Brain |url=https://www.wired.co.uk/article/deepmind |url-status=live |magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170821085853/http://www.wired.co.uk/article/deepmind |archive-date=21 August 2017 |access-date=26 August 2017}}</ref> Hassabis also recruited his university friend and Elixir partner [[David Silver (computer scientist)|David Silver]].<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Metz |first=Cade |date=19 May 2016 |title=What the AI Behind AlphaGo Can Teach Us About Being Human |url=https://www.wired.com/2016/05/google-alpha-go-ai/ |url-status=live |magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160529014612/http://www.wired.com/2016/05/google-alpha-go-ai |archive-date=29 May 2016 |access-date=6 March 2017}}</ref>
+Hassabis is the CEO and co-founder of [[Google DeepMind|DeepMind]], a [[machine learning]] AI startup, founded in London in 2010 with [[Shane Legg]] and [[Mustafa Suleyman]]. Hassabis met Legg when both were [[Postdoctoral researcher|postdocs]] at the Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit, and he and Suleyman had been friends through family.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Rowan |first=David |date=22 June 2015 |title=DeepMind: Inside Google's Super Brain |url=https://www.wired.co.uk/article/deepmind |url-status=live |magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170821085853/http://www.wired.co.uk/article/deepmind |archive-date=21 August 2017 |access-date=26 August 2017}}</ref> Hassabis also recruited his university friend and Elixir partner [[David Silver (computer scientist)|David Silver]].<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Metz |first=Cade |date=19 May 2016 |title=What the AI Behind AlphaGo Can Teach Us About Being Human |url=https://www.wired.com/2016/05/google-alpha-go-ai/ |url-status=live |magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160529014612/http://www.wired.com/2016/05/google-alpha-go-ai |archive-date=29 May 2016 |access-date=6 March 2017}}</ref>
 DeepMind's mission is to "solve intelligence" and then use intelligence "to solve everything else".<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Simonite |first=Tom |date=31 March 2016 |title=How Google Plans to Solve Artificial Intelligence |url=https://www.technologyreview.com/s/601139/how-google-plans-to-solve-artificial-intelligence/ |url-status=live |magazine=[[MIT Technology Review]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816193438/https://www.technologyreview.com/s/601139/how-google-plans-to-solve-artificial-intelligence/ |archive-date=16 August 2016 |access-date=30 July 2016}}</ref> More concretely, DeepMind aims to combine insights from systems neuroscience with new developments in machine learning and computing hardware to unlock increasingly powerful general-purpose learning algorithms that will work towards the creation of an [[artificial general intelligence]] (AGI). The company has focused on training learning algorithms to master games, and in December 2013 it announced that it had made a pioneering breakthrough by training an algorithm called a Deep Q-Network (DQN) to play Atari games at a superhuman level by only using the raw pixels on the screen as inputs.<ref name="Space Invaders">{{Cite magazine |last=Simonite |first=Tom |date=25 February 2015 |title=Google's AI Masters Space Invaders But Still Sucks at Pacman |url=https://www.technologyreview.com/s/535446/googles-ai-masters-space-invaders-but-it-still-stinks-at-pac-man/ |url-status=live |magazine=[[MIT Technology Review]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816185701/https://www.technologyreview.com/s/535446/googles-ai-masters-space-invaders-but-it-still-stinks-at-pac-man/ |archive-date=16 August 2016 |access-date=30 July 2016}}</ref>
@@ Line 116: / Line 111: @@
 Since the Google acquisition, the company has notched up a number of significant achievements, perhaps the most notable being the creation of [[AlphaGo]], a program that defeated world champion [[Lee Sedol]] at the complex game of [[Go (game)|Go]]. Go had been considered a holy grail of AI, for its high number of possible board positions and resistance to existing programming techniques.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Koch |first1=Christof |date=19 March 2016 |title=How the Computer Beat the Go Master |language=en |work=[[Scientific American]] |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-the-computer-beat-the-go-master/ |url-status=live |access-date=6 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170906224946/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-the-computer-beat-the-go-master/ |archive-date=6 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Hassabis |first1=Demis |date=21 April 2017 |title=The mind in the machine: Demis Hassabis on artificial intelligence |work=[[Financial Times]] |url=https://www.ft.com/content/048f418c-2487-11e7-a34a-538b4cb30025 |url-status=live |access-date=6 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170906224140/https://www.ft.com/content/048f418c-2487-11e7-a34a-538b4cb30025 |archive-date=6 September 2017}}</ref> However, AlphaGo beat European champion [[Fan Hui]] 5–0 in October 2015 before [[AlphaGo versus Lee Sedol|winning 4–1 against former world champion Lee Sedol]] in March 2016.<ref name="In a Huge Breakthrough Google's AI Beats a Top Go Player">{{Cite magazine |last=Metz |first=Cade |date=27 January 2016 |title=In a Huge Breakthrough, Google's AI Beats a Top Player at the Game of Go |url=https://www.wired.com/2016/01/in-a-huge-breakthrough-googles-ai-beats-a-top-player-at-the-game-of-go/ |url-status=live |magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202211927/https://www.wired.com/2016/01/in-a-huge-breakthrough-googles-ai-beats-a-top-player-at-the-game-of-go/ |archive-date=2 February 2017 |access-date=6 March 2017}}</ref><ref name="A Google Computer Victorious Over the World's Go Champion">{{Cite news |last=Yan |first=Sophia |date=12 March 2016 |title=A Google Computer Victorious Over the World's Go Champion |work=[[CNN Money]] |url=https://money.cnn.com/2016/03/12/technology/google-deepmind-alphago-wins/ |url-status=live |access-date=3 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808093512/https://money.cnn.com/2016/03/12/technology/google-deepmind-alphago-wins/ |archive-date=8 August 2020}}</ref> Additional DeepMind accomplishments include creating a [[neural Turing machine]],<ref name="Google's Secretive DeepMind Startup Unveils a Neural Turing Machine">{{Cite magazine |date=29 October 2014 |title=Google's Secretive DeepMind Startup Unveils a Neural Turing Machine |url=https://www.technologyreview.com/s/532156/googles-secretive-deepmind-startup-unveils-a-neural-turing-machine/ |url-status=live |magazine=[[MIT Technology Review]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160813000353/https://www.technologyreview.com/s/532156/googles-secretive-deepmind-startup-unveils-a-neural-turing-machine/ |archive-date=13 August 2016 |access-date=30 July 2016}}</ref> reducing the energy used by the cooling systems in Google's data centers by 40%,<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 July 2016 |title=DeepMind AI Reduces Google Data Centre Cooling Bill by 40% |url=https://deepmind.com/blog/article/deepmind-ai-reduces-google-data-centre-cooling-bill-40 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020010319/https://deepmind.com/blog/article/deepmind-ai-reduces-google-data-centre-cooling-bill-40 |archive-date=20 October 2021 |access-date=20 October 2021 |website=[[DeepMind]]}}</ref> advancing research on AI safety,<ref name="Google Developing Kill Switch for AI">{{Cite news |date=8 June 2016 |title=Google Developing Kill Switch for AI |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-36472140 |url-status=live |access-date=21 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611042244/http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-36472140 |archive-date=11 June 2016}}</ref><ref name="Newsweek Big Red Button">{{Cite magazine |last=Cuthbertson |first=Anthony |date=8 June 2016 |title=Google's Big Red Button Could Save the World |url=http://europe.newsweek.com/google-big-red-button-ai-artificial-intelligence-save-world-elon-musk-466753?rm=eu |url-status=live |magazine=[[Newsweek]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160809000211/http://europe.newsweek.com/google-big-red-button-ai-artificial-intelligence-save-world-elon-musk-466753?rm=eu |archive-date=9 August 2016 |access-date=30 July 2016}}</ref> and the creation of a partnership with the [[National Health Service]] (NHS) of the United Kingdom and [[Moorfields Eye Hospital]] to improve medical service and identify the onset of degenerative eye conditions.<ref name="Google DeepMind pairs with NHS to use machine learning to fight blindness">{{Cite news |last=Hern |first=Alex |date=5 July 2016 |title=Google DeepMind pairs with NHS to use machine learning to fight blindness |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/jul/05/google-deepmind-nhs-machine-learning-blindness |url-status=live |access-date=30 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816111304/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/jul/05/google-deepmind-nhs-machine-learning-blindness |archive-date=16 August 2016}}</ref>
+DeepMind has also been responsible for technical advances in machine learning, having produced a number of award-winning papers. In particular, the company has made significant advances in [[deep learning]] and [[reinforcement learning]], and pioneered the field of deep reinforcement learning which combines these two methods.<ref name="Deep RL">{{Cite web |last=Silver |first=David |date=17 June 2016 |title=Deep Reinforcement Learning |url=https://www.deepmind.com/blog/deep-reinforcement-learning |access-date=30 July 2016 |work=DeepMind Blog}}</ref> Hassabis has predicted that artificial intelligence will be "one of the most beneficial technologies of mankind ever" but that significant ethical issues remain.<ref>{{Cite news |date=10 March 2018 |title=Whether AI will be good or bad, depends on how society uses it: Demis Hassabis, CEO, DeepMind |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/whether-ai-will-be-good-or-bad-depends-on-how-society-uses-it-demis-hassabis-ceo-deep-mind/articleshow/63241265.cms |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329055833/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/whether-ai-will-be-good-or-bad-depends-on-how-society-uses-it-demis-hassabis-ceo-deep-mind/articleshow/63241265.cms |archive-date=29 March 2018 |access-date=28 March 2018 |work=[[The Economic Times]]}}</ref>
-More recently, DeepMind turned its artificial intelligence to [[protein folding]], a 50-year grand challenge in science, to predict the 3D structure of a protein from its 1D [[amino acid]] sequence. This is an important problem in biology, as proteins are essential to life, almost every biological function depends on them, and the function of a protein is thought to be related to its structure. In December 2018, DeepMind's tool [[AlphaFold]] won the 13th [[Critical Assessment of Techniques for Protein Structure Prediction]] (CASP) by successfully predicting the most accurate structure for 25 out of 43 proteins. "This is a lighthouse project, our first major investment in terms of people and resources into a fundamental, very important, real-world scientific problem", Hassabis said to ''[[The Guardian]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sample |first=Ian |date=2 December 2018 |title=Google's DeepMind predicts 3D shapes of proteins |language=en |website=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2018/dec/02/google-deepminds-ai-program-alphafold-predicts-3d-shapes-of-proteins |url-status=live |access-date=3 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190718162031/https://www.theguardian.com/science/2018/dec/02/google-deepminds-ai-program-alphafold-predicts-3d-shapes-of-proteins |archive-date=18 July 2019}}</ref> In November 2020, DeepMind again announced world-beating results in the CASP14 edition of the competition, with a median [[global distance test]] (GDT) score of 87.0 across protein targets in the challenging free-modeling category, much higher than the same 2018 results with a median GDT < 60, and an overall error of less than the width of an atom, making it competitive with experimental methods.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 November 2020 |title=AlphaFold: a solution to a 50-year-old grand challenge in biology |url=https://deepmind.com/blog/article/alphafold-a-solution-to-a-50-year-old-grand-challenge-in-biology |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130153625/https://deepmind.com/blog/article/alphafold-a-solution-to-a-50-year-old-grand-challenge-in-biology |archive-date=30 November 2020 |access-date=30 November 2020 |website=[[DeepMind]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Briggs |first=Helen |date=30 November 2020 |title=One of biology's biggest mysteries 'largely solved' by AI |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-55133972 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130212208/https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-55133972 |archive-date=30 November 2020 |access-date=30 November 2020 |website=[[BBC News]] |language=en}}</ref>
-DeepMind has also been responsible for technical advances in machine learning, having produced a number of award-winning papers. In particular, the company has made significant advances in [[deep learning]] and [[reinforcement learning]], and pioneered the field of deep reinforcement learning which combines these two methods.<ref name="Deep RL">{{Cite web |last=Silver |first=David |date=17 June 2016 |title=Deep Reinforcement Learning |url=https://www.deepmind.com/blog/deep-reinforcement-learning |access-date=30 July 2016 |work=DeepMind Blog}}</ref> Hassabis has predicted that artificial intelligence will be "one of the most beneficial technologies of mankind ever" but that significant ethical issues remain.<ref>{{Cite news |date=10 March 2018 |title=Whether AI will be good or bad, depends on how society uses it: Demis Hassabis, CEO, DeepMind |work=[[The Economic Times]] |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/whether-ai-will-be-good-or-bad-depends-on-how-society-uses-it-demis-hassabis-ceo-deep-mind/articleshow/63241265.cms |url-status=dead |access-date=28 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329055833/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/whether-ai-will-be-good-or-bad-depends-on-how-society-uses-it-demis-hassabis-ceo-deep-mind/articleshow/63241265.cms |archive-date=29 March 2018}}</ref>
-In 2023, Hassabis signed the statement that "Mitigating the risk of extinction from AI should be a global priority alongside other societal-scale risks such as pandemics and nuclear war".<ref name="CAIS-Statement">{{Cite web |title=Statement on AI Risk {{!}} CAIS |url=https://www.safe.ai/statement-on-ai-risk |access-date=29 June 2023 |website=www.safe.ai}}</ref> He considers however that a pause on AI progress would be very hard to enforce worldwide, and that the potential benefits (e.g. for health and against climate change) make it worth continuing. He said that there is an urgent need for research on evaluation tests that measure how capable and controllable new AI models are.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Knight |first=Will |title=Google DeepMind CEO Demis Hassabis Says Its Next Algorithm Will Eclipse ChatGPT |language=en-US |magazine=Wired |url=https://www.wired.com/story/google-deepmind-demis-hassabis-chatgpt/ |access-date=29 June 2023 |issn=1059-1028}}</ref>
+Hassabis has also warned of the potential dangers and risks of AI if misused, and has been a strong advocate of further AI safety research being needed.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Milmo |first=Dan |date=2023-10-24 |title=AI risk must be treated as seriously as climate crisis, says Google DeepMind chief |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2023/oct/24/ai-risk-climate-crisis-google-deepmind-chief-demis-hassabis-regulation |access-date=2024-11-01 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> In 2023, he signed the statement that "Mitigating the risk of extinction from AI should be a global priority alongside other societal-scale risks such as pandemics and nuclear war".<ref name="CAIS-Statement">{{Cite web |title=Statement on AI Risk {{!}} CAIS |url=https://www.safe.ai/statement-on-ai-risk |access-date=29 June 2023 |website=www.safe.ai}}</ref> He considers however that a pause on AI progress would be very hard to enforce worldwide, and that the potential benefits (e.g. for health and against climate change) make it worth continuing. He said that there is an urgent need for research on evaluation tests that measure how capable and controllable new AI models are.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Knight |first=Will |title=Google DeepMind CEO Demis Hassabis Says Its Next Algorithm Will Eclipse ChatGPT |url=https://www.wired.com/story/google-deepmind-demis-hassabis-chatgpt/ |access-date=29 June 2023 |magazine=Wired |language=en-US |issn=1059-1028}}</ref>
+=== AlphaFold ===
-Hassabis is the main subject of the documentary called ''The Thinking Game'', which premiered in 2024's [[Tribeca Festival]], from the same filmmaker as ''AlphaGo'' (2016).<ref>{{cite web |title=The Thinking Game {{!}} 2024 Tribeca Festival |url=https://tribecafilm.com/films/thinking-game-2024 |website=Tribeca |access-date=30 September 2024}}</ref>
+In 2016, DeepMind turned its artificial intelligence to [[protein folding]], a 50-year grand challenge in science, to predict the 3D structure of a protein from its 1D [[amino acid]] sequence. This is an important problem in biology, as proteins are essential to life, almost every biological function depends on them, and the function of a protein is thought to be related to its structure. Knowing the structure of a protein can be very helpful in drug discovery and disease understanding. In December 2018, DeepMind's tool [[AlphaFold]] won the 13th [[Critical Assessment of Techniques for Protein Structure Prediction]] (CASP) by successfully predicting the most accurate structure for 25 out of 43 proteins. "This is a lighthouse project, our first major investment in terms of people and resources into a fundamental, very important, real-world scientific problem", Hassabis said to ''[[The Guardian]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sample |first=Ian |date=2 December 2018 |title=Google's DeepMind predicts 3D shapes of proteins |language=en |website=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2018/dec/02/google-deepminds-ai-program-alphafold-predicts-3d-shapes-of-proteins |url-status=live |access-date=3 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190718162031/https://www.theguardian.com/science/2018/dec/02/google-deepminds-ai-program-alphafold-predicts-3d-shapes-of-proteins |archive-date=18 July 2019}}</ref>
+[[File:Demis Hassabis, 2024 Nobel Prize Laureate in Chemistry 6.jpg|thumb|Hassabis at 2024 Nobel Week]]
+In November 2020, DeepMind again announced world-beating results in the CASP14 edition of the competition with AlphaFold 2, a new version of the system. It achieved a median [[global distance test]] (GDT) score of 87.0 across protein targets in the challenging free-modeling category, much higher than the same 2018 results with a median GDT < 60, and an overall error of less than the width of an atom (<1 [[Angstrom]]), making it competitive with experimental methods, and leading the organisers of CASP to declare the problem essentially solved.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 November 2020 |title=AlphaFold: a solution to a 50-year-old grand challenge in biology |url=https://deepmind.com/blog/article/alphafold-a-solution-to-a-50-year-old-grand-challenge-in-biology |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130153625/https://deepmind.com/blog/article/alphafold-a-solution-to-a-50-year-old-grand-challenge-in-biology |archive-date=30 November 2020 |access-date=30 November 2020 |website=[[DeepMind]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Briggs |first=Helen |date=30 November 2020 |title=One of biology's biggest mysteries 'largely solved' by AI |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-55133972 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130212208/https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-55133972 |archive-date=30 November 2020 |access-date=30 November 2020 |website=[[BBC News]] |language=en}}</ref> Over the next year DeepMind used AlphaFold2 to fold all 200 million proteins known to science, and made the system and these structures openly and freely available for anyone to use via the [https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/ AlphaFold Protein Structure Database] developed in collaboration with [[European Bioinformatics Institute|EMBL-EBI]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Geddes |first=Linda |date=2022-07-28 |title=DeepMind uncovers structure of 200m proteins in scientific leap forward |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2022/jul/28/deepmind-uncovers-structure-of-200m-proteins-in-scientific-leap-forward |access-date=2024-11-01 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref>
 ==Personal life==
@@ Line 130: / Line 126: @@
 {{cite news |last1=Ahmed |first1=Murad |title=Lunch with the FT: Demis Hassabis |url=https://www.ft.com/content/47aa9aa4-a7a5-11e4-be63-00144feab7de |work=Financial Times |date=30 January 2015}}
 </ref><ref>
-{{cite news |title=Exclusive interview: meet Demis Hassabis, London's megamind who just sold his company to Google for £400m|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/lifestyle/london-life/exclusive-interview-meet-demis-hassabis-london-s-megamind-who-just-sold-his-company-to-google-for-ps400m-9098707.html |work=Evening Standard |date=7 February 2014 |language=en}}</ref> He is also a lifelong fan of [[Liverpool FC]].<ref name="Hassabis-2020" />
+{{cite news |title=Exclusive interview: meet Demis Hassabis, London's megamind who just sold his company to Google for £400m|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/lifestyle/london-life/exclusive-interview-meet-demis-hassabis-london-s-megamind-who-just-sold-his-company-to-google-for-ps400m-9098707.html |work=Evening Standard |date=7 February 2014 |language=en}}</ref> He is also a lifelong fan of [[Liverpool FC]].<ref name="Hassabis-2020" /> Hassabis is the main subject of the documentary called ''The Thinking Game'', which premiered in 2024's [[Tribeca Festival]], from the same filmmaker as the award-winning documentary ''[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WXuK6gekU1Y AlphaGo]'' (2016).<ref>{{cite web |title=The Thinking Game {{!}} 2024 Tribeca Festival |url=https://tribecafilm.com/films/thinking-game-2024 |access-date=30 September 2024 |website=Tribeca}}</ref>
 ==Awards and honours==
@@ Line 164: / Line 160: @@
 * 2018 – Honorary doctorate, [[Imperial College London]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Honorary graduates, fellows and Imperial College medals {{!}} About {{!}} Imperial College London |url=https://www.imperial.ac.uk/about/introducing-imperial/our-people/honorary-graduates-and-fellows/ |access-date=14 September 2022 |website=www.imperial.ac.uk}}</ref>
 * 2017 – Appointed [[Commander of the Order of the British Empire]] (CBE) in the [[2018 New Year Honours]] for "services to Science and Technology".<ref name="London Gazette">{{Cite web |title=Demis HASSABIS, Order of the British Empire |url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/notice/2937937 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124181351/https://www.thegazette.co.uk/notice/2937937 |archive-date=24 January 2018 |access-date=30 December 2017 |work=[[The London Gazette]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author= |date=29 December 2017 |title=New Year Honours 2018: AI chief Demis Hassabis made CBE |website=[[BBC News]] |publisher= |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-42511365 |url-status=live |access-date=21 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180819000241/https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-42511365 |archive-date=19 August 2018}}</ref>
-* 2017 – [[Time 100|''Time'' 100]]: The 100 Most Influential People<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Kurzweil |first=Ray |author-link=Ray Kurzweil |date=20 April 2017 |title=Demis Hassabis |url=http://time.com/collection/2017-time-100/4742686/demis-hassabis/ |url-status=live |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170420210421/http://time.com/collection/2017-time-100/4742686/demis-hassabis/ |archive-date=20 April 2017 |access-date=20 April 2017}}</ref>
+* 2017 – [[Time 100|''Time'' 100]]: The 100 Most Influential People<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Kurzweil |first=Ray |author-link=Ray Kurzweil |date=20 April 2017 |title=Demis Hassabis |url=https://time.com/collection/2017-time-100/4742686/demis-hassabis/ |url-status=live |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170420210421/http://time.com/collection/2017-time-100/4742686/demis-hassabis/ |archive-date=20 April 2017 |access-date=20 April 2017}}</ref>
 * 2017 – [[The Asian Awards]]: Outstanding Achievement in Science and Technology<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017 |title=Asian Awards |url=http://theasianawards.com/Demis_Hassabis.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170828225110/http://theasianawards.com/Demis_Hassabis.html |archive-date=28 August 2017 |access-date=8 June 2017 |website=[[The Asian Awards]]}}</ref>
 * 2017 – Elected a [[Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering]] (FREng)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017 |title=Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering |url=https://www.raeng.org.uk/about-us/the-fellowship/new-fellows-2017/fellows/demis-hassabis |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002070700/http://www.raeng.org.uk/about-us/the-fellowship/new-fellows-2017/fellows/demis-hassabis |archive-date=2 October 2017 |access-date=25 September 2017 |website=[[Royal Academy of Engineering]]}}</ref>
@@ Line 190: / Line 186: @@
 ===DeepMind===
 * [[Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge|Cambridge Computer Laboratory]] Company of the Year (2014)<ref name="Cambridge Computer Laboratory Hall of Fame Awards">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/ring/awards.html|title=Cambridge Computer Laboratory Hall of Fame Awards|date=2016|work=University of Cambridge Website|access-date=30 July 2016|archive-date=3 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160203112759/https://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/ring/awards.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
-* Six ''[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]'' front cover articles (2015,<ref>{{cite journal |title=Volume 518 Issue 7540, 26 February 2015 |url=https://www.nature.com/nature/volumes/518/issues/7540 |website=nature.com |date=24 February 2015 |access-date=11 June 2020 |language=en |archive-date=29 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729185606/https://www.nature.com/nature/volumes/518/issues/7540 |url-status=live }}</ref> 2016,<ref>{{cite journal|title=Volume 529 Issue 7587, 28 January 2016 |url=https://www.nature.com/nature/volumes/529/issues/7587 |website=nature.com |date=27 January 2016 |access-date=11 June 2020 |language=en |archive-date=29 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729183028/https://www.nature.com/nature/volumes/529/issues/7587 |url-status=live }}</ref> 2019,<ref>{{cite journal|title=Volume 575 Issue 7782, 14 November 2019 |url=https://www.nature.com/nature/volumes/575/issues/7782 |website=nature.com |date=8 November 2019 |access-date=11 June 2020 |language=en |archive-date=29 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729191411/https://www.nature.com/nature/volumes/575/issues/7782 |url-status=live }}</ref> 2020,<ref>{{cite journal|title=Volume 577 Issue 7792, 30 January 2020 |url=https://www.nature.com/nature/volumes/577/issues/7792 |website=nature.com |date=29 January 2020 |access-date=11 June 2020 |language=en |archive-date=29 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729182502/https://www.nature.com/nature/volumes/577/issues/7792 |url-status=live }}</ref> and two in 2021<ref>{{cite journal|title=Volume 596 Issue 7873, 26 August 2021 |url=https://www.nature.com/nature/volumes/596/issues/7873 |website=www.nature.com |date=25 August 2021 |access-date=2 December 2021 |language=en |archive-date=2 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211202134300/https://www.nature.com/nature/volumes/596/issues/7873 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Volume 600 Issue 7887, 2 December 2021 |url=https://www.nature.com/nature/volumes/600/issues/7887 |website=www.nature.com |date=December 2021 |access-date=2 December 2021 |language=en |archive-date=2 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211202124859/https://www.nature.com/nature/volumes/600/issues/7887 |url-status=live }}</ref>) and one ''[[Science (journal)|Science]]'' front cover article (2017<ref>{{cite web|last1=Smith |first1=Chrystal |title=Checkmate: how we mastered the AlphaZero cover |url=https://www.science.org/content/blog-post/checkmate-we-mastered-alphazero-cover |website=sciencemag.org |access-date=11 June 2020 |date=12 December 2018 |archive-date=2 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702082109/https://www.science.org/content/blog-post/checkmate-we-mastered-alphazero-cover |url-status=live }}</ref>)
+* Seven ''[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]'' front cover articles (2015,<ref>{{cite journal |title=Volume 518 Issue 7540, 26 February 2015 |url=https://www.nature.com/nature/volumes/518/issues/7540 |website=nature.com |date=24 February 2015 |access-date=11 June 2020 |language=en |archive-date=29 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729185606/https://www.nature.com/nature/volumes/518/issues/7540 |url-status=live }}</ref> 2016,<ref>{{cite journal|title=Volume 529 Issue 7587, 28 January 2016 |url=https://www.nature.com/nature/volumes/529/issues/7587 |website=nature.com |date=27 January 2016 |access-date=11 June 2020 |language=en |archive-date=29 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729183028/https://www.nature.com/nature/volumes/529/issues/7587 |url-status=live }}</ref> 2019,<ref>{{cite journal|title=Volume 575 Issue 7782, 14 November 2019 |url=https://www.nature.com/nature/volumes/575/issues/7782 |website=nature.com |date=8 November 2019 |access-date=11 June 2020 |language=en |archive-date=29 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729191411/https://www.nature.com/nature/volumes/575/issues/7782 |url-status=live }}</ref> 2020,<ref>{{cite journal|title=Volume 577 Issue 7792, 30 January 2020 |url=https://www.nature.com/nature/volumes/577/issues/7792 |website=nature.com |date=29 January 2020 |access-date=11 June 2020 |language=en |archive-date=29 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729182502/https://www.nature.com/nature/volumes/577/issues/7792 |url-status=live }}</ref> two in 2021,<ref>{{cite journal|title=Volume 596 Issue 7873, 26 August 2021 |url=https://www.nature.com/nature/volumes/596/issues/7873 |website=www.nature.com |date=25 August 2021 |access-date=2 December 2021 |language=en |archive-date=2 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211202134300/https://www.nature.com/nature/volumes/596/issues/7873 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Volume 600 Issue 7887, 2 December 2021 |url=https://www.nature.com/nature/volumes/600/issues/7887 |website=www.nature.com |date=December 2021 |access-date=2 December 2021 |language=en |archive-date=2 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211202124859/https://www.nature.com/nature/volumes/600/issues/7887 |url-status=live }}</ref> and 2024<ref>{{cite web |title=Nature - Signed language |url=https://www.nature.com/nature/volumes/634/issues/8035 |website=Nature |access-date=24 October 2024 |language=en |date=23 October 2024}}</ref>) and one ''[[Science (journal)|Science]]'' front cover article (2017<ref>{{cite web|last1=Smith |first1=Chrystal |title=Checkmate: how we mastered the AlphaZero cover |url=https://www.science.org/content/blog-post/checkmate-we-mastered-alphazero-cover |website=sciencemag.org |access-date=11 June 2020 |date=12 December 2018 |archive-date=2 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702082109/https://www.science.org/content/blog-post/checkmate-we-mastered-alphazero-cover |url-status=live }}</ref>)
-* Honorary 9-dan Go rank for [[AlphaGo]] from Korean Baduk Association (2016)<ref name="Google artificial intelligence program beats S. Korean Go pro with 4-1 score">{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-science-intelligence-go-idUSKCN0WH0XJ|title=Google artificial intelligence program beats S. Korean Go pro with 4–1 score|date=15 March 2016|first=Jee Heun|last=Kahng|work=Reuters|access-date=30 June 2017|archive-date=28 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728183907/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-science-intelligence-go-idUSKCN0WH0XJ|url-status=live}}</ref> and Chinese Weiqi Association (2017)<ref>{{cite web |title=中国围棋协会授予AlphaGo职业九段 并颁发证书-搜狐体育 |url=https://sports.sohu.com/20170527/n494734669.shtml |website=sports.sohu.com |access-date=11 June 2020 |archive-date=11 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611191121/https://sports.sohu.com/20170527/n494734669.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref>
+* Honorary 9-dan Go rank for [[AlphaGo]] from [[Korea Baduk Association]] (2016),<ref name="Google artificial intelligence program beats S. Korean Go pro with 4-1 score">{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-science-intelligence-go-idUSKCN0WH0XJ|title=Google artificial intelligence program beats S. Korean Go pro with 4–1 score|date=15 March 2016|first=Jee Heun|last=Kahng|work=Reuters|access-date=30 June 2017|archive-date=28 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728183907/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-science-intelligence-go-idUSKCN0WH0XJ|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Chinese Weiqi Association]] (2017),<ref>{{cite web |title=中国围棋协会授予AlphaGo职业九段 并颁发证书-搜狐体育 |url=https://sports.sohu.com/20170527/n494734669.shtml |website=sports.sohu.com |access-date=11 June 2020 |archive-date=11 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611191121/https://sports.sohu.com/20170527/n494734669.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[Nihon Ki-in|Japan Go Association]] (2024)<ref>{{cite web |title=ノーベル化学賞 ハサビス氏に日本棋院が九段免状を贈呈 {{!}} NHK |url=https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20241121/k10014645761000.html |website=NHKニュース |access-date=22 November 2024 |date=21 November 2024}}</ref>
 * [[Cannes Lions International Festival of Creativity|Cannes Lion]] Grand Prix for AlphaGo (2016)<ref name="Google DeepMind AlphaGo in U.K. Wins Innovation Grand Prix">{{Cite news|url=http://adage.com/article/special-report-cannes-lions/google-deepmind-alphago-wins-cannes-innovation-grand-prix/304644/|title=Google DeepMind AlphaGo in U.K. Wins Innovation Grand Prix|date=22 June 2016|first=Laurel|last=Wentz|agency=Reuters|access-date=30 July 2016|archive-date=31 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160731043057/http://adage.com/article/special-report-cannes-lions/google-deepmind-alphago-wins-cannes-innovation-grand-prix/304644/|url-status=live}}</ref>
-* WIRED Innovation in AI Award (2016)<ref name="DeepMind Wired" />
+* [[Wired (magazine)|WIRED]] Innovation in AI Award (2016)<ref name="DeepMind Wired" />
-* City AM Innovative Company of the Year (2016)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cityam.com/awards|title=City AM Awards 2016|work=City AM Website|access-date=20 November 2016|archive-date=21 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161121111758/http://www.cityam.com/awards|url-status=live}}</ref>
+* [[City A.M.]] Innovative Company of the Year (2016)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cityam.com/awards|title=City AM Awards 2016|work=City AM Website|access-date=20 November 2016|archive-date=21 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161121111758/http://www.cityam.com/awards|url-status=live}}</ref>
 ===Games===
@@ Line 215: / Line 211: @@
 {{2024 Nobel Prize winners}}
 {{Princess of Asturias Award for Technical and Scientific Research}}
-{{Differentiable computing}}
 {{Bullfrog Productions}}
 {{Lionhead Studios}}
@@ Line 249: / Line 244: @@
 [[Category:British Nobel laureates]]
 [[Category:Nobel laureates in Chemistry]]
+[[Category:DeepMind people]]

v t e Fellows of the Royal Society elected in 2018
Fellows	Jim Al-Khalili Polly Arnold Jillian Banfield Margaret Brimble Neil Brockdorff Frank Caruso Vincenzo Cerundolo Kevin Costello Robert Crabtree Philip Dawid Peter Dayan Richard Dixon Gregory Edgecombe Wenfei Fan Roger Goody Robin Grimes Gregory Hannon Demis Hassabis Judy Hirst Graeme Jameson Harren Jhoti Sophien Kamoun Andrew King Dimitri Kullmann Dominic Kwiatkowski Richard Marais Cathie Martin Elon Musk Peter O'Hearn Vassilis Pachnis Tracy Palmer Colin Prentice Lalita Ramakrishnan Nancy Reid Graham Richards David Richardson Sheila Rowan Ingrid Scheffer Michelle Simmons John Smol Timothy Softley John Speakman Graeme Stephens Angela Strank Charles Swanton Peter Visscher Guy Wilkinson Geordie Williamson Daniel Wise Nikolay Zheludev
Honorary	David Willetts (Baron Willetts of Havant)
Foreign	Carolyn Bertozzi Martin Chalfie Sebsebe Demissew Jeffrey Friedman Fabiola Gianotti Albrecht Hofmann Butler Lampson Tullio Pozzan Joachim Sauer Adi Shamir

v t e Laureates of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry
1901–1925	1901: Jacobus van 't Hoff 1902: Emil Fischer 1903: Svante Arrhenius 1904: William Ramsay 1905: Adolf von Baeyer 1906: Henri Moissan 1907: Eduard Buchner 1908: Ernest Rutherford 1909: Wilhelm Ostwald 1910: Otto Wallach 1911: Marie Curie 1912: Victor Grignard / Paul Sabatier 1913: Alfred Werner 1914: Theodore Richards 1915: Richard Willstätter 1916 1917 1918: Fritz Haber 1919 1920: Walther Nernst 1921: Frederick Soddy 1922: Francis Aston 1923: Fritz Pregl 1924 1925: Richard Zsigmondy
1926–1950	1926: Theodor Svedberg 1927: Heinrich Wieland 1928: Adolf Windaus 1929: Arthur Harden / Hans von Euler-Chelpin 1930: Hans Fischer 1931: Carl Bosch / Friedrich Bergius 1932: Irving Langmuir 1933 1934: Harold Urey 1935: Frédéric Joliot-Curie / Irène Joliot-Curie 1936: Peter Debye 1937: Norman Haworth / Paul Karrer 1938: Richard Kuhn 1939: Adolf Butenandt / Leopold Ružička 1940 1941 1942 1943: George de Hevesy 1944: Otto Hahn 1945: Artturi Virtanen 1946: James B. Sumner / John Northrop / Wendell Meredith Stanley 1947: Robert Robinson 1948: Arne Tiselius 1949: William Giauque 1950: Otto Diels / Kurt Alder
1951–1975	1951: Edwin McMillan / Glenn T. Seaborg 1952: Archer Martin / Richard Synge 1953: Hermann Staudinger 1954: Linus Pauling 1955: Vincent du Vigneaud 1956: Cyril Hinshelwood / Nikolay Semyonov 1957: Alexander Todd 1958: Frederick Sanger 1959: Jaroslav Heyrovský 1960: Willard Libby 1961: Melvin Calvin 1962: Max Perutz / John Kendrew 1963: Karl Ziegler / Giulio Natta 1964: Dorothy Hodgkin 1965: Robert Woodward 1966: Robert S. Mulliken 1967: Manfred Eigen / Ronald Norrish / George Porter 1968: Lars Onsager 1969: Derek Barton / Odd Hassel 1970: Luis Federico Leloir 1971: Gerhard Herzberg 1972: Christian B. Anfinsen / Stanford Moore / William Stein 1973: Ernst Otto Fischer / Geoffrey Wilkinson 1974: Paul Flory 1975: John Cornforth / Vladimir Prelog
1976–2000	1976: William Lipscomb 1977: Ilya Prigogine 1978: Peter D. Mitchell 1979: Herbert C. Brown / Georg Wittig 1980: Paul Berg / Walter Gilbert / Frederick Sanger 1981: Kenichi Fukui / Roald Hoffmann 1982: Aaron Klug 1983: Henry Taube 1984: Robert Merrifield 1985: Herbert A. Hauptman / Jerome Karle 1986: Dudley R. Herschbach / Yuan T. Lee / John Polanyi 1987: Donald J. Cram / Jean-Marie Lehn / Charles J. Pedersen 1988: Johann Deisenhofer / Robert Huber / Hartmut Michel 1989: Sidney Altman / Thomas Cech 1990: Elias Corey 1991: Richard R. Ernst 1992: Rudolph A. Marcus 1993: Kary Mullis / Michael Smith 1994: George Olah 1995: Paul J. Crutzen / Mario Molina / F. Sherwood Rowland 1996: Robert Curl / Harold Kroto / Richard Smalley 1997: Paul D. Boyer / John E. Walker / Jens Christian Skou 1998: Walter Kohn / John Pople 1999: Ahmed Zewail 2000: Alan J. Heeger / Alan MacDiarmid / Hideki Shirakawa
2001–present	2001: William Knowles / Ryoji Noyori / K. Barry Sharpless 2002: John B. Fenn / Koichi Tanaka / Kurt Wüthrich 2003: Peter Agre / Roderick MacKinnon 2004: Aaron Ciechanover / Avram Hershko / Irwin Rose 2005: Robert H. Grubbs / Richard R. Schrock / Yves Chauvin 2006: Roger D. Kornberg 2007: Gerhard Ertl 2008: Osamu Shimomura / Martin Chalfie / Roger Y. Tsien 2009: Venkatraman Ramakrishnan / Thomas A. Steitz / Ada E. Yonath 2010: Richard F. Heck / Akira Suzuki / Ei-ichi Negishi 2011: Dan Shechtman 2012: Robert Lefkowitz / Brian Kobilka 2013: Martin Karplus / Michael Levitt / Arieh Warshel 2014: Eric Betzig / Stefan Hell / William E. Moerner 2015: Tomas Lindahl / Paul L. Modrich / Aziz Sancar 2016: Jean-Pierre Sauvage / Fraser Stoddart / Ben Feringa 2017: Jacques Dubochet / Joachim Frank / Richard Henderson 2018: Frances Arnold / Gregory Winter / George Smith 2019: John B. Goodenough / M. Stanley Whittingham / Akira Yoshino 2020: Emmanuelle Charpentier / Jennifer Doudna 2021: David MacMillan / Benjamin List 2022: Carolyn R. Bertozzi / Morten P. Meldal / Karl Barry Sharpless 2023: Moungi G. Bawendi / Louis E. Brus / Alexei I. Ekimov 2024: David Baker / Demis Hassabis / John M. Jumper

v t e 2024 Nobel Prize laureates
Chemistry	David Baker (United States) Demis Hassabis (United Kingdom) John M. Jumper (United States)
Literature (2024)	Han Kang (South Korea)
Peace (2024)	Nihon Hidankyo (Japan)
Physics	Geoffrey Hinton (Canada/United Kingdom) John Hopfield (United States)
Physiology or Medicine	Victor Ambros (United States) Gary Ruvkun (United States)
Economic Sciences	Daron Acemoglu (Turkey/United States) Simon Johnson (United Kingdom/United States) James A. Robinson (United Kingdom/United States)
Nobel Prize recipients 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025

v t e Bullfrog Productions (all games)
Populous series	Populous Populous II Populous: The Beginning
Syndicate series	Syndicate American Revolt Syndicate Wars
Magic Carpet series	Magic Carpet Magic Carpet 2
Theme series	Theme Park Theme Hospital Theme Aquarium Theme Park World Theme Park Inc
Dungeon Keeper series	Dungeon Keeper Dungeon Keeper 2
Other games	Fusion Flood Powermonger Hi-Octane Genewars
Cancelled games	Dungeon Keeper 3 Creation The Indestructibles
People	Peter Molyneux Les Edgar Glenn Corpes Gary Carr Mark Webley Demis Hassabis Mark Healey
Related companies	Mucky Foot Productions Lionhead Studios Lost Toys 22cans Two Point Studios 5 Lives Studios