1899 Carrabelle hurricane: Difference between revisions
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The '''1899 Carrabelle hurricane''' caused significant damage in [[Dominican Republic]] and the [[Florida Panhandle]]. The second [[tropical cyclone]] and second hurricane of the [[1899 Atlantic hurricane season|annual season]], the storm was first observed south of Dominican Republic on July 28. Shortly thereafter, it made landfall in [[Azua Province]], Dominican Republican with an intensity equivalent to a Category 1 hurricane on the modern-day [[Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale]]. Early on July 29, the system weakened to a tropical storm, shortly before emerging into the southwestern Atlantic Ocean. It then moved west-northwestward and remained at relatively the same intensity over the next 24 hours. The storm made landfall near [[Islamorada, Florida]] on July 30. Crossing the [[Florida Keys]], it brushed the [[Southwest Florida|southwestern portions of the state]] before emerging into the [[Gulf of Mexico]]. The storm began to re-intensify on July 31 and became a hurricane later that day. Early on August 1, it peaked with winds of 100 mph (155 km/h), several hours before making landfall near [[Apalachicola, Florida]] at the same intensity. The storm quickly weakened inland and dissipated over southern [[Alabama]] on August 2. |
The '''1899 Carrabelle hurricane''' caused significant damage in [[Dominican Republic]] and the [[Florida Panhandle]]. The second [[tropical cyclone]] and second hurricane of the [[1899 Atlantic hurricane season|annual season]], the storm was first observed south of Dominican Republic on July 28. Shortly thereafter, it made landfall in [[Azua Province]], Dominican Republican with an intensity equivalent to a Category 1 hurricane on the modern-day [[Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale]]. Early on July 29, the system weakened to a tropical storm, shortly before emerging into the southwestern Atlantic Ocean. It then moved west-northwestward and remained at relatively the same intensity over the next 24 hours. The storm made landfall near [[Islamorada, Florida]] on July 30. Crossing the [[Florida Keys]], it brushed the [[Southwest Florida|southwestern portions of the state]] before emerging into the [[Gulf of Mexico]]. The storm began to re-intensify on July 31 and became a hurricane later that day. Early on August 1, it peaked with winds of 100 mph (155 km/h), several hours before making landfall near [[Apalachicola, Florida]] at the same intensity. The storm quickly weakened inland and dissipated over southern [[Alabama]] on August 2. |
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==Meteorological history== |
==Meteorological history== |
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{{storm path|1899 Atlantic hurricane 2 track.png}} |
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A "violent hurricane" was first observed near the south coast of Hispaniola at 1200 UTC on July 27. Within the next six hours, the storm made landfall in Azua Province, Dominican Republic with winds of 80 mph (130 km/h) – equivalent to a Category 1 hurricane on the modern-day Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale. Early on July 28, it weakened to tropical storm while moving northwestward across northern [[Haiti]]. A few hours later, the storm emerged into the Atlantic Ocean near [[Port-de-Paix]]. The hurricane maintained intensity for over 24 hours as it moved northwestward and parallel to the north coast of [[Cuba]]. At 1000 UTC on July 30, the storm made landfall in Islamorada, Florida on [[Upper Matecumbe Key]] with winds of 45 mph (75 km/h). It weakened slightly and then moved just offshore or struck the mainland portion of [[Monroe County, Florida]]. Early on July 31, the storm began to re-strengthen while entering the eastern Gulf of Mexico. |
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[[HURDAT]] – the North Atlantic hurricane database – indicated that the system re-intensified into a hurricane at 1200 UTC on July 31. Further deepening occurred, with the storm become a Category 2 hurricane early on the August 1. Later that day, the hurricane made landfall between Carrabelle and [[Eastpoint, Florida|Eastpoint, Florida]] with winds of 100 mph (155 km/h). Reports at landfall indicate that the storm was small, spanning a diameter of only {{convert|40|mi|km}}. At 1800 UTC on August 1 – about an hour after it moved inland – a weather station measured the storm's minimum barometric pressure of {{convert|979|mbar|inHg|abbr=on}}. Early on August 2, it weakened to a tropical storm and then a tropical depression several hours later, shortly before dissipating over southern Alabama. |
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==Impact== |
==Impact== |
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[[File:Dog Island Shipwrecks rc04263.jpg|thumb|right|Ships wrecked at Dog Island in Florida]] |
[[File:Dog Island Shipwrecks rc04263.jpg|thumb|right|Ships wrecked at Dog Island in Florida]] |
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Revision as of 19:11, 25 May 2013
| Category 2 hurricane (SSHWS/NWS) | |
| Formed | July 28, 1899 |
|---|---|
| Dissipated | August 2, 1899 |
| Highest winds | 1-minute sustained: 100 mph (155 km/h) |
| Lowest pressure | 979 mbar (hPa); 28.91 inHg |
| Fatalities | 8 direct |
| Damage | $575,000 (1899 USD) |
| Areas affected | Dominican Republic, Florida |
| Part of the 1899 Atlantic hurricane season | |
The 1899 Carrabelle hurricane caused significant damage in Dominican Republic and the Florida Panhandle. The second tropical cyclone and second hurricane of the annual season, the storm was first observed south of Dominican Republic on July 28. Shortly thereafter, it made landfall in Azua Province, Dominican Republican with an intensity equivalent to a Category 1 hurricane on the modern-day Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale. Early on July 29, the system weakened to a tropical storm, shortly before emerging into the southwestern Atlantic Ocean. It then moved west-northwestward and remained at relatively the same intensity over the next 24 hours. The storm made landfall near Islamorada, Florida on July 30. Crossing the Florida Keys, it brushed the southwestern portions of the state before emerging into the Gulf of Mexico. The storm began to re-intensify on July 31 and became a hurricane later that day. Early on August 1, it peaked with winds of 100 mph (155 km/h), several hours before making landfall near Apalachicola, Florida at the same intensity. The storm quickly weakened inland and dissipated over southern Alabama on August 2.
Meteorological history
Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
Unknown
Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depressionA "violent hurricane" was first observed near the south coast of Hispaniola at 1200 UTC on July 27. Within the next six hours, the storm made landfall in Azua Province, Dominican Republic with winds of 80 mph (130 km/h) – equivalent to a Category 1 hurricane on the modern-day Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale. Early on July 28, it weakened to tropical storm while moving northwestward across northern Haiti. A few hours later, the storm emerged into the Atlantic Ocean near Port-de-Paix. The hurricane maintained intensity for over 24 hours as it moved northwestward and parallel to the north coast of Cuba. At 1000 UTC on July 30, the storm made landfall in Islamorada, Florida on Upper Matecumbe Key with winds of 45 mph (75 km/h). It weakened slightly and then moved just offshore or struck the mainland portion of Monroe County, Florida. Early on July 31, the storm began to re-strengthen while entering the eastern Gulf of Mexico.
HURDAT – the North Atlantic hurricane database – indicated that the system re-intensified into a hurricane at 1200 UTC on July 31. Further deepening occurred, with the storm become a Category 2 hurricane early on the August 1. Later that day, the hurricane made landfall between Carrabelle and Eastpoint, Florida with winds of 100 mph (155 km/h). Reports at landfall indicate that the storm was small, spanning a diameter of only 40 miles (64 km). At 1800 UTC on August 1 – about an hour after it moved inland – a weather station measured the storm's minimum barometric pressure of 979 mbar (28.9 inHg). Early on August 2, it weakened to a tropical storm and then a tropical depression several hours later, shortly before dissipating over southern Alabama.
Impact
News reports indicate that a "violent" hurricane struck Dominican Republic on July 28. Three large schooners were wrecked at Santo Domingo; only one crew member on the three vessels survived. "Great" damage was reported along coastal sections of the country, while a loss of telegraph service impacted most of interior areas.[1]
The city of Carrabelle was devastated, with only nine houses remaining. According to the mayor, about 200 families were left homeless. The The New York Times stated that, "Carrabelle is literally wiped from the map." Losses in the city reached approximately $100,000. One fatality occurred in Carrabelle when a house collapsed on a woman, Mary Williams. At least 57 shipping vessels were destroyed, including 14 barques, 40 small boats, and 3 pilot boats. Losses for these ships collectively totaled about $375,000. Additionally, 13 lumber vessels were beached. A 30 miles (48 km) portion of the Carrabelle, Tallahassee and Georgia Railroad was washed away. A passenger train was blown over 100 yards from the track, injuring many passengers.
Many boats at the harbor and the wharfs in Lanark were wrecked. The local summer resort of Lanark Inn was blown into the Gulf of Mexico. Large portions of stores and pavilions in the city were damaged. At McIntyre, virtually the entire town was destroyed, except for only two mill boilers. The city of Curtis Mill was completely destroyed. Additionally, the resort city of St. Teresa suffered significant damage. A total of fifteen ships either destroyed or beached at Dog Island, including the Albert Haley, Benjamin C. Cromwell, Capitola, Corteria, Elsbeth, Grace Andrews, Hindoo, Iola, Jafnhar, James A. Garfield, Latara, Mary E. Morse, Ranavola, Vale, Vidette, and Warren Adams. At least 15 people were reported missing. Six drowning deaths were confirmed in association with this storm.[1]
See also
References
- ^ a b Jose F. Partagas (1996). Year 1899 (PDF). Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. pp. 41 and 42. Retrieved May 22, 2013.