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Tropical Depression One (2009)

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Tropical Depression One
Tropical depression (SSHWS/NWS)
Tropical Depression One at peak intensity
FormedMay 28, 2009
DissipatedMay 30, 2009
(Extratropical after May 29, 2009[1])
Highest winds1-minute sustained: 35 mph (55 km/h)
Gusts: 45 mph (75 km/h)
Lowest pressure1006 mbar (hPa); 29.71 inHg
FatalitiesNone reported
DamageNone
Areas affectedCoastal North Carolina
Part of the 2009 Atlantic hurricane season

Tropical Depression One was the first tropical cyclone to develop during the 2009 Atlantic hurricane season. Upon being declared a tropical depression on May 28, it marked the third time that a pre-season storm formed in three consecutive years. Originating from a disorganized area of low pressure off the coast of North Carolina, Tropical Depression One quickly developed over the Gulf stream. After attaining winds of 35 mph (55 km/h) along with a minimum pressure of 1006 mbar (hPa; 29.71 inHg), the depression began to weaken due to increasing wind shear and cooling sea surface temperatures. During the afternoon of May 29, convection associated with the system was significantly displaced from the center of circulation; this led the National Hurricane Center to issue their final advisory on the depression as it had degenerated into a remnant-low pressure area. As a tropical cyclone, Tropical Depression One had no effects on land; however, the precursor to the depression brought minor rainfall and light winds to parts of coastal North Carolina. Its track, formation, and timing were relatively similar to Tropical Storm One of the 1940 Atlantic hurricane season.[2]

Meteorological history

Map of a path across the western Atlantic Ocean, near the East Coast of the United States. Most of the eastern part of the United States, the northern Caribbean islands and Atlantic Canada can be seen in the image.
Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
triangle Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

During mid-May, a frontal boundary stalled near The Bahamas and slowly degenerated. On May 25, a shortwave trough caused the northern portion of the system to move north of the Bahamas. The following day, an area of low pressure developed along the boundary about 290 miles (465 km) south-southwest of Wilmington, North Carolina.[1] Tracking towards the north, the system became increasingly organized. On May 27, the National Hurricane Center (NHC) began issuing Tropical Weather Outlooks for the low while it was located about 120 miles (195 km) south of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina.[3] An upper-level ridge situated to the southeast of the system was steering it towards the northeast.[4] The NHC issued their final outlook on the low around 0000 UTC on May 28 while the system was located about 90 mi (150 km) east of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, as development of the low was not expected.[5]

On May 28, the NHC once again initiated outlooks on the system as convection quickly redeveloped. Around 1500 UTC, they designated the system as Tropical Depression One while it was located about 310 mi (500 km) south of Providence, Rhode Island.[6] Upon being classified, the depression exhibited deep convective activity, with the center of circulation situated on the northwestern edge. The redevelopment of the system was the result of low wind shear and warm waters, up to 26 °C (79 °F), from the Gulf Stream.[7] Later that day, convection began to diminish as the depression tracked into an area of progressively higher shear and cooler waters. By this time, the system was embedded within the westerlies between a subtropical ridge to the southeast and a trough to the northwest.[8] Around 2330 UTC, a QuickSCAT satellite pass over the depression found tropical storm-force winds; however, the winds were determined to have been affected by rain and therefore not representative of the depression's actual intensity. Following the satellite pass, the center of circulation became partially exposed to the northwest and the area of convection associated with the depression diminished in area.[9]

Satellite image of a sprawling, disorganized area of clouds along the East Coast of the United States.
The precursor to Tropical Depression One on May 27

Early on May 29, Tropical Depression One nearly attained tropical storm status, with intensity estimates using the Dvorak Technique reaching T2.5, or 40 mph (65 km/h); however, the estimates were also as low as T1.5, leading to the intensity of the depression remaining at 35 mph (55 km/h). After a burst in convective activity overnight, shower and thunderstorm activity waned once more by 0700 UTC. Situated at the edge of the Gulf Stream, intensification into a tropical storm was no longer anticipated.[10] Later that morning, the center of circulation became fully exposed by strong wind shear; an approaching trough also began absorbing the small depression by this time. The remaining convection associated with the system was displaced to the southeast.[11] With no convection developing around the depression, it degenerated into a remnant-low pressure area during the afternoon of May 29. At 2100 UTC, the NHC issued their final advisory on Tropical Depression One.[12] The remnants of the depression persisted until 0600 UTC on May 30, at which time it was absorbed by a warm front south of Nova Scotia.[1]

Preparations, impact and records

The precursor to Tropical Depression One produced light showers over parts of North Carolina on May 27.[4] Rainfall in Hatteras amounted to 0.1 in (2.5 mm) on May 27; sustained wind reached 15 mph (24 km/h) and gusts were measured up to 23 mph (37 km/h). The lowest sea level pressure recorded in relation to the system was 1009 mbar (hPa; 29.81 inHg).[13] Increased winds along coastal areas of the state was possible in relation to the outer edges of the depression.[14] Tropical Depression One was the farthest north a May tropical cyclone is known to have formed, according to the NHC's Tropical Cyclone Report.[1]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d Robbie Berg (June 12, 2009). "Tropical Depression One Tropical Cyclone Report" (PDF). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 12, 2009.
  2. ^ Jean H. Gallenne (1940). "Tropical Disturbance of May 18–27, 1940" (PDF). American Meteorological Society Monthly Weather Review. p. 148. Retrieved June 19, 2009.
  3. ^ Landsea and Franklin (May 27, 2009). "Tropical Weather Outlook for the North Atlantic Ocean: May 27, 2009 8:05AM EST". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved May 28, 2009.
  4. ^ a b Formosa (May 28, 2009). "Tropical Weather Discussion for the North Atlantic Ocean: May 28, 2009 2:05AM EST". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved May 28, 2009.
  5. ^ Berg and Pasch (May 27, 2009). "Tropical Weather Outlook for the North Atlantic Ocean: May 27, 2009 7:45PM EST". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved May 28, 2009.
  6. ^ Franklin and Beven (May 28, 2009). "Tropical Depression One Public Advisory One". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved May 28, 2009.
  7. ^ Franklin and Beven (May 28, 2009). "Tropical Depression One Discussion One". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved May 28, 2009.
  8. ^ Jack Beven (May 28, 2009). "Tropical Depression One Discussion Two". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved May 29, 2009.
  9. ^ Robbie Berg (May 29, 2009). "Tropical Depression One Discussion Three". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved May 29, 2009.
  10. ^ Brennan and Brown (May 29, 2009). "Tropical Depression One Discussion Four". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved May 29, 2009.
  11. ^ Kimberlain and Berg (May 29, 2009). "Tropical Depression One Discussion Five". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved May 29, 2009.
  12. ^ Kimberlain and Franklin (May 29, 2009). "Tropical Depression One Discussion Six (Final)". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved May 29, 2009.
  13. ^ "History for Hatteras, NC: May 27, 2009 Weather". Weather Underground. May 27, 2008. Retrieved May 28, 2009.
  14. ^ Rob Nucatola (May 28, 2009). "Tropical Depression One Forms". WCTV. Retrieved May 28, 2009.
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