A-kinase-anchoring protein
The A-kinase anchoring proteins or A-kinase anchor proteins (AKAPs) are a group of structurally diverse proteins, which have the common function of binding to the regulatory subunit of protein kinase A (PKA) and confining the holoenzyme to discrete locations within the cell.[1][2] At least 20 AKAPs have been cloned.[3] There are at least 50 members, often named after their molecular mass.
Function
[edit]AKAPs act as scaffold proteins wherein they bind PKA and other signaling proteins and physically tether these multi-protein complexes to specific locations, such as the nucleus, in cells.[2] This allows specific targeting of substrates to be regulated by phosphorylation (by PKA) and dephosphorylation (by phosphatases).[2] The dimerization and docking (D/D) domain of the regulatory subunit dimer of PKA binds with the A-kinase binding (AKB) domain (an amphipathic helix) of AKAP. The AKAPs also bind other components, including; phosphodiesterases (PDEs) which break down cAMP, phosphatases which dephosphorylate downstream PKA targets and also other kinases (PKC and MAPK). Some AKAPs are able to bind both regulatory subunits (RI & RII) of PKA and are dual-specific AKAPs (D-AKAP1 and D-AKAP2).
List of AKAPs
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Langeberg, LK; Scott, JD (1 August 2005). "A-kinase-anchoring proteins". Journal of Cell Science. 118 (15): 3217–3220. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.621.7853. doi:10.1242/jcs.02416. PMID 16079273. S2CID 19917481.
- ^ a b c Marin, Wenwen (January 2020). "A-kinase anchoring protein 1 (AKAP1) and its role in some cardiovascular diseases". Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology. 138: 99–109. doi:10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.11.154. ISSN 0022-2828. PMID 31783032. S2CID 208499003.
- ^ Schwartz JH (November 2001). "The many dimensions of cAMP signaling". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98 (24): 13482–4. Bibcode:2001PNAS...9813482S. doi:10.1073/pnas.251533998. PMC 61065. PMID 11717418.