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The Host (2006 film)

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The Host
South Korean poster for The Host featuring four characters above another photo of a waterway with skyscrapers in the background. The Korean text at the center reads: "The family's struggle begins; [the] Han River, [the] family, and [the] monster". The film's credits are printed underneath.
Theatrical release poster
Directed byBong Joon-ho
Screenplay by
  • Bong Joon-ho
  • Ha Joon-won
  • Baek Chul-hyun
Story byBong Joon-ho
Produced byChoi Yong-bae
Starring
CinematographyKim Hyeong-gu
Edited byKim Sun-min
Music byLee Byung-woo
Production
company
Chungeorahm Film
Distributed by
Release dates
  • May 21, 2006 (2006-05-21) (Cannes)
  • July 27, 2006 (2006-07-27) (South Korea)
  • September 2, 2006 (2006-09-02) (Japan)
Running time
119 minutes
Countries
LanguagesKorean
English
Budget$11 million
Box office$89.4–92.6 million

The Host (Korean: 괴물; RR: Goemul; lit. Monster) is a 2006 monster film[note 1] written and directed by Bong Joon-ho. It stars Song Kang-ho as vendor Park Gang-du whose daughter Hyun-seo (Go Ah-sung) is kidnapped by a creature dwelling around the Han River. Byun Hee-bong, Park Hae-il, and Bae Doona appear in supporting roles as Gang-du's father, brother, and sister respectively. A South Korean-Japanese co-production, the film was produced by Chungeorahm Film with Showbox and Happinet presenting.

Bong had been conceiving a monster movie since his adolescence, inspired by the Godzilla and Ultraman franchises. The catalyst for The Host was a scandal that occurred in 2000, in which an American commanded the disposal of formaldehyde down a drain leading to the Han River. Bong devised the story of a monster resulting from this incident and proposed it two years later. In 2003, he started scripting The Host with Ha Joon-won, and directed a short film set around the Han River featuring Byun. Baek Chul-hyun joined Bong and Ha for revision in December 2004. Principal photography mostly took place on location near the Han River. Wētā Workshop modeled the film's creature and The Orphanage handled the visual effects. Of the film's $11 million budget, $4.5 million was spent on the over 100 visual effect shots.

An unfinished cut of The Host debuted at the 59th Cannes Film Festival on May 21, 2006, as part of the Directors' Fortnight. The finished film was released in South Korea on July 27 and Japan on September 2. It became the highest-grossing South Korean film of all time, earning $89.4–92.6 million worldwide. Many critics praised The Host as among the best films of 2006 or 2007. The film also won several accolades, including the Asian Film Award for Best Film. A sequel and an American remake were later announced, but neither materialized.

In recent years, The Host has been hailed as one of the best monster and horror films of the 21st century, and listed among the greatest science fiction films ever made. Seen as a landmark of South Korean cinema, it remains among the country's highest-grossing films. The film had a resurgence in popularity upon Bong gaining further international recognition for Parasite (2019). Some retrospective reviews have felt that The Host has grown in relevance as elements came to reflect the COVID-19 pandemic.

Plot

[edit]

In 2000, an American pathologist orders his Korean assistant to dump over 100 bottles of formaldehyde down a drain leading into the Han River. Over the next few years, several sightings of a strange amphibious creature in the waterway around Seoul occur, and the inhabiting fish mysteriously die off.

In 2006, Park Gang-du, a slow-witted man, runs a small snack bar in Hangang Park with his father, Hee-bong. Gang-du's other family members include his daughter, Hyun-seo; his sister Nam-joo, a famed national medalist archer; and his brother, Nam-il, an unemployed college graduate.

A large creature emerges from the Han River and begins attacking and killing many people ashore. After trying to help an American combat the monster, Gang-du grabs his daughter and joins the fleeing crowd, but inadvertently lets go of her hand. The monster snatches Hyun-seo and dives back into the river. After a mass funeral for the victims, those in attendance are forced to be quarantined, including the Park family. Government representatives and the United States Forces Korea (USFK) proclaim that the creature hosts a deadly, unknown virus.

Gang-du receives a phone call from Hyun-seo. She explains that she is trapped in the sewers with the creature, but her phone stops working. Gang-du and his family escape the hospital and purchase supplies from gangsters to search for Hyun-seo. Two homeless boys, Se-jin and Se-joo, are attacked and swallowed by the creature. It returns to its sleeping area in the sewer and regurgitates them, but only Se-joo is alive. Hyun-seo helps Se-joo hide inside a drain pipe where the creature cannot reach them.

The Park family encounters the monster and shoot at it until they run out of ammunition. Seemingly unharmed by the bullets, the creature kills Hee-bong and runs off. After the army capture Gang-du, Nam-il and Nam-joo travel elsewhere separately. Nam-il meets an old friend nicknamed "Fat Guevara", at an office for assistance and learns the government has placed a bounty on his family. Unbeknownst to Nam-il, Fat Guevara has contacted officials to claim the bounty, but Nam-il escapes after obtaining Hyun-seo's location, near the Wonhyo Bridge. Elsewhere, Gang-du overhears an American doctor saying the virus is a hoax invented to distract the public from the creature's origin. They decide to lobotomize Gang-du to silence him.

When the creature is sleeping, Hyun-seo tries to escape from its lair using a rope she has made from old clothes. The monster awakes and swallows Hyun-seo and Se-joo. Meanwhile, Gang-du succeeds in escaping from where he is being held by taking a nurse hostage. The government and USFK announce a plan to release a toxic chemical called "Agent Yellow" around the river to kill the monster. Gang-du finds the creature and sees Hyun-seo's arm dangling from its mouth. He chases it to where the chemical will be released, meeting Nam-joo along the way. It attacks the large crowd that has assembled to protest the chemical dump. Agent Yellow is released, stunning the beast. Gang-du pulls Hyun-seo out of its mouth, discovering that she has died while clutching Se-joo, who is unconscious but alive. Enraged by her death, Gang-du attacks the creature, aided by Nam-il, Nam-joo, and a homeless man. They set it ablaze and Gang-du impales it with a pole, finally killing it. As they mourn for Hyun-seo, Gang-du revives Se-joo.

Sometime later, Gang-du inherits his father's snack bar and adopts Se-joo. While watching the river, he hears a noise and investigates but finds nothing. He and Se-joo share a meal, ignoring a news broadcast stating that the incident's aftermath was due to misinformation.

Cast

[edit]
A photograph of Song Kang-ho
A photograph of Byun Hee-bong
A photograph of Bae Doona
Song Kang-ho (pictured in 2016), Byun Hee-bong (2017), and Bae Doona (2006)
  • Song Kang-ho as Park Gang-du:
    A clumsy misfit vendor in his father's shop, who often falls asleep. His family members often berate him, and his laziness was caused by a lack of protein as a child. However, despite being the weakest in his family in terms of wit, he is physically the strongest and easily resists pain.
  • Byun Hee-bong as Park Hee-bong:
    The father of Gang-du, Nam-il, and Nam-joo, and grandfather of Hyun-Seo. He runs the shop near the Han River with Gang-du.
  • Go Ah-sung as Park Hyun-seo:
    The teenage daughter of Gang-du who is embarrassed by her family, especially her father. According to her grandfather, her birth was an "accident," and her mother ran away afterward. She is kidnapped by the Goemul, prompting the family to search for her.
  • Park Hae-il as Park Nam-il:
    Gang-du's brother who is an unemployed university graduate and former political activist.
  • Bae Doona as Park Nam-joo:
    Gang-du's sister who is a national medalist archer. She attempts to use her skills on the monster.
  • Lee Dong-ho as Se-joo:
    The younger homeless brother who follows Se-jin and later befriends Hyun-seo.

Scott Wilson, David Joseph Anselmo, Paul Lazar [de], and Clinton Morgan play Americans stationed in South Korea (Douglas, the pathologist; Sergeant Donald White; a doctor who speaks with Gang-du; and an AY Agent, respectively).[8][9] Filmmaker Yim Pil-sung, a friend of writer-director Bong Joon-ho, portrays Nam-il's senior 'Fat Guevara'.[10] Other cast members include Lee Jae-eung [ko] as Se-jin; Yoon Je-moon as a homeless man; Kim Roi-ha as 'Yellow 1' (at the funeral); Go Soo-hee as the nurse who Gang-du takes hostage; and Brian Lee as Mr. Kim (the pathologist's assistant).[8] The antagonizing Han River monster is voiced by Oh Dal-su.[11]

Production

[edit]

Development

[edit]
Headshot of Bong Joon-ho at the 2013 Deauville American Film Festival
Writer-director Bong Joon-ho (pictured in 2013)

According to Bong, The Host was a longtime passion project he had dreamed of since high school. He became a fan of the kaiju genre during his youth by frequently viewing entries in the Godzilla and Ultraman franchises on the American Forces Korea Network (AFKN), and was frustrated by the lack of South Korean monster movies. In a 2006 interview, Bong mentioned these as possible influences on The Host and indicated that it pays homage to the kaiju genre.[12] On another occasion, Bong claimed that he once saw a creature crawling up and falling off the Jamsil Bridge during his youth, and "that day I promised myself to make a film about this if I became a director, at all costs".[13]

In 2000, Bong was further encouraged to make his own monster movie in response to the widely-reported McFarland incident [ko]:[14][15] "Like Godzilla was created due to the nuclear bomb in Hiroshima, my monster was motivated from the McFarland scandal."[16] The scandal involved an American named Albert McFarland ordering his mortician employees to dump around 470 bottles containing formaldehyde into the Han River via a drain.[17][14][18][19][20] In addition to environmental concerns, this caused some antagonism toward the United States.[21] The film's opening scene was directly based upon this event, with Scott Wilson playing a McFarland-esque character named Douglas.

Bong proposed the film roughly two years later and started writing the script with Ha Joon-won in 2003; Baek Chul-hyun joined the pair to revise scripting for the film in December 2004.[18] In 2003, Bong directed the short film Sink and Rise, which is now considered to be a prequel to the film.[16][22]

The film was the third feature-length film directed by Bong. Following the positive reaction to his directorial debut, Barking Dogs Never Bite, and the critical acclaim and box-office success of his preceding film, Memories of Murder, The Host was granted a generous production budget of around ₩11 billion[23] ($11 million),[24] huge by local industry standards.[25] Due to his second film's success, The Host was highly anticipated.[13]

Filming

[edit]

Some of the filming took place in the real sewers near the Han River, rather than on a set. The stars and crew were inoculated against tetanus by the medical officer. During filming, the crew had to deal with the effects of changes in weather and ambient temperature. This included the sewage water freezing in cold temperatures so that it had to be broken up and melted; and during hot and windy periods, the water evaporated and the silt turned to dust, which blew around in the breeze and into the faces of the crew.[26]

Visual effects

[edit]

The director had to work around the budget-imposed restrictions, especially when it came to special effects. Chin Wei-chen designed the monster, the modeling was done by New Zealand-based Weta Workshop and the animatronics were by John Cox's creature Workshop.[27] The CGI for the film was done by The Orphanage, which also did some of the visual effects in The Day After Tomorrow.[28] Bong stated that, of the film's $11 million budget, $4.5 million was spent on the over 100 visual effect shots.[29]

The monster was designed with some specific characteristics in mind. According to the director himself, the inspiration came from a local article about a deformed fish with an S-shaped spine caught in the Han River.[30] Therefore, the director's wishes were for it to look like an actual mutated fish-like creature, rather than having a more fantastical design. In the opening scenes, two fishermen presumably encounter the creature whilst it is still small enough to fit in one of their cups; suggestive of its humble, more realistic origins. The monster also exhibits frontal limbs similar to amphibians' legs. This element of its design seems to have been more a choice of functionality on the designers' part as the monster needed to be able to run and perform certain acrobatic movements during the film.[27] For a genre film monster, the creature's size is rather small, only about the size of a truck. Also unlike in many other monster-themed films, the creature is fully visible from early on in the film, sometimes for large periods and even in broad daylight, which earned the film critical praise.[31]

Release

[edit]

The Host premiered incomplete[13] at the Cannes Film Festival on May 21, 2006, as part of the Directors' Fortnight. In South Korea, it was released on July 27, 2006.[32] Having been heavily promoted and featuring one of the most popular leading actors in the country, Song Kang-ho, the film was released on a record number of screens and made the South Korean record books with its box office performance during its opening weekend. The 2.63 million admissions and US$17.2 million box office revenue easily beat the previous records set by Typhoon.[33][34] The film reached six million viewers on August 6, 2006.[35] In early September, the film became South Korea's all-time box office leader, selling more than 12.3 million tickets in just over a month in a country of 48.5 million. By the end of its run on November 8, the viewing figures came in at 13,019,740.[25]

According to Special Broadcasting Service (SBS), The Host became Bong's first film to receive a wide international release.[36] The film was released theatrically in Australia on August 17, 2006. In Japan, the film was highly anticipated but became a box office bomb upon its September 2, 2006 release, placing seventh in its opening weekend.[37] South Korean analyst Kim Bong-seok noted: "The recent Godzilla film was a box office failure, and the tastes of young audiences are changing. In addition, the audience base of Korean movies that have gained popularity due to the Korean Wave so far is different from the audience base of monster movies, which seems to have had a negative effect."[37] It received a theatrical release in the United Kingdom on November 10, 2006. This was its first official release outside of film festivals and outside Asia and Australia. Its American release was on March 9, 2007. It was also released in France, Ireland, Sweden, Germany, and Spain, amongst other countries.

The Host received screenings at several film festivals. In addition to its opening in Cannes, among the most prominent were the Toronto, Tokyo, and New York film festivals. The film swept Korea's Blue Dragon Awards: The Host received five awards, Go Ah-sung took Best New Actress, and Byun Hee-bong was awarded Best Supporting Actor.[38]

Worldwide, it grossed around $90 million, holding the record for the highest-grossing South Korean film.[39] According to the box-office tracking websites Box Office Mojo and the Numbers, The Host earned $2.2 million in the United States and Canada and $87.2 million to $90.4 million in other territories. This gives the film a worldwide total of $89.4 million to $92.6 million.[40][41]

Reception

[edit]

Critical response

[edit]

The Host opened to widespread critical praise,[note 2] and later became one of the most acclaimed films released in the United States during 2007.[47] On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, 93% of 156 critics' reviews are positive, with an average rating of 7.7/10. The website's consensus reads: "As populace pleasing as it is intellectually satisfying, The Host combines scares, laughs, and satire into a riveting, monster movie."[48] Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned the film a score of 85 out of 100, based on 35 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".[49]

[T]here's never quite been a monster movie like The Host. Subverting its own genre while still delivering shocks and marbled with straight-faced character humor that constantly throws the viewer off balance, [this] much-hyped big-budgeter [...] is a bold gamble that looks headed to instant cult status.

Derek Elley, Variety[1]

Manohla Dargis cited it as the greatest film shown at the 2006 Cannes Film Festival.[32][44] Dargis wrote in The New York Times: "The Host is a loopy, feverishly imaginative genre hybrid about the demons that haunt us from without and within."[50] The Tokyo Shimbun spoke positiviely of how the film has a "different taste" from American horror movies. The Asahi Shimbun praised the "eventful" script, "light tone", special effects, themes, suspense, and humor.[37] Adrian Martin highlighted Bae Doona's performance, and said that her partnership with Bong "adds a dimension that no American blockbuster can even approach".[51] According to the Korean Film Council, Bong's collaboration with Song and Bae "has often been praised for its entertainment value in combination with social and political commentary".[23] Wilson's performance was praised by RogerEbert.com, noting that he was "clearly having fun".[52]

Several publications listed it among the top films of 2006 or 2007.[note 3] In IndieWire's 2007 critics poll, it placed 17th on their Best Film list based on 19 mentions; Bong also tied at 16th for Best Director.[57]

Accolades

[edit]
Main article: List of accolades received by The Host (2006 film)
The performance of Go Ah-sung (pictured in 2022) earned several nominations

The Host was nominated in various categories at Asian award ceremonies, particularly for Bong's direction, Kim Hyung-koo's cinematography, and Song's performance.[58] At the 1st Asian Film Awards ceremony held in March 2007, the film dominated the competition and won four out of its five nominations.[59] It became the first to win the Best Film, Best Actor (Song), Best Cinematographer (Kim Hyung-koo), and Best Visual Effects (The Orphanage) categories.[59] In South Korea, The Host won six Blue Dragon Film Awards; five Korean Film Awards; there Director's Cut Awards; and two Grand Bell Awards.[58] Go was nominated for the Baeksang Arts Award for Best New Actress as well as the Grand Bell Award and Korean Film Award for Best Supporting Actress.[60] She also won the Blue Dragon Film Award for Best New Actress and Director's Cut Award for Best Actress (the latter jointly with Bae).[58]

The film also received awards from various Western ceremonies, critics' organizations, and film festivals. Among its nominations were Best International Film and Best Young Actor/Actress (Go) at the 33rd Saturn Awards,[61] and the Belgian Film Critics Association's Grand Prix.[62] The film won Best Director in Competition (Bong) at Fantasporto and the Golden Raven at the Brussels International Fantastic Film Festival.[58]

Plagiarism controversy

[edit]

Some Japanese and South Korean viewers perceived that The Host strongly resembled the 2002 anime thriller film WXIII: Patlabor the Movie 3. The Yukan Fuji [ja] disclosed that these comparisons resulted in a "plagiarism suspicion uproar". Similarities noted by Internet users included the anti-Americanism theme, sewer setting, climax, and monster design.[63][64] However, many also questioned these claims. According to Kadokawa Herald, Bong had never heard of the Patlabor franchise, which WXIII is an installment of.[63]

Post-release

[edit]

Unproduced sequel and remake

[edit]

The Host 2

[edit]
A shot from the 2012 test footage for The Host 2. This footage encouraged the public to believe that the sequel had begun production. By 2019, however, the film had been canceled without disclosure.[65]

Shortly after the film's release in 2006, producer Choi Yong-bae hired his friend Kang Full to write The Host 2 (Korean: 괴물2; RR: Goemul Dul; lit. Monster 2).[66] The sequel's development was publicized in June 2007, with a scheduled release date of 2009.[23][67][68] Sources presumed that another filmmaker would direct the sequel since Bong openly refused to.[67][68] Chungeorahm Film proclaimed in January 2008 that Kang had completed the first draft of the screenplay, and that it would now be a prequel to The Host featuring several monsters.[69] The following month, Variety reported that principal photography on the film was set to begin later that year on a budget of around $12 million.[70] In June, plans were announced for a localization of The Host 2 for Chinese audiences, featuring a predominantly Chinese cast.[71] Kang later abandoned the project, leading to its cancellation.[66][65]

The film re-entered development in 2009, as a sequel. A new group of writers was brought onto the project and a company in Singapore agreed to invest $5 million into it.[66][65] In November 2009, Twitch Film revealed that the screenplay was being reworked while a video game adaptation was being planned as a multi-platform first-person shooter simultaneously.[72][73] According to The Hollywood Reporter in October 2010, a demo reel would debut at the Tokyo International Film Festival in 2010 and the film had a projected release date of summer 2012.[39] Their report also stated that it was now set to become a 3D film with a $17.6 million budget. The script was "currently under last-minute revision".[39] By this time, Park Myung-cheon had agreed to direct the film.[39][65] Test footage starring Kwak Do-won was released circa 2012.[65] This footage and a recent report on the director encouraged the public to believe that filming had begun.[65]

In November 2014, OBS reported that casting for The Host 2 had recently commenced. Principal photography was expected to begin in 2015 under Park's direction as a Chinese-Korean co-production, with an intended 2016 release date.[74] In 2019, South Korean film magazine Cine21 declared that, despite rumors from 2016 indicating that principal photography had occurred, The Host 2 had been canceled without disclosure.[65]

American remake

[edit]

The success of The Host increased many Hollywood studios' interest in remaking it.[75][76] Screen International reported in November 2006 that Cineclick Asia had sold the remake rights to Universal Studios and turned down the offers from Plan B Entertainment, 20th Century Fox, and Michael De Luca.[76] Universal executives subsequently assigned Roy Lee and Doug Davidson of Vertigo Entertainment to co-produce the film.[76][77] In November 2008, it was announced that the remake would be produced by Gore Verbinski, written by Mark Poirier, and directed by first-time filmmaker Fredrik Bond. The film was set to be released in 2011.[78][79]

Home media

[edit]

The region-2 UK edition of the film was released on March 5, 2007, while the region-1 US DVD was released on July 24, 2007, in both single-disc and a two-disc collector's edition in DVD, HD-DVD and Blu-ray Disc formats.[80]

3D remaster

[edit]

A 3D remaster of the film premiered at the 16th Busan International Film Festival, as a prelude for The Host 2, which was still in development at the time.[12]

Themes

[edit]

In the film, the United States Forces Korea is portrayed as uncaring about the effects their activities have on the locals. The chemical agent used by the American military to combat the monster, named "Agent Yellow" in a thinly-veiled reference to Agent Orange, was also used to satirical effect.[27] Director Bong Joon-ho commented on the issue: "It's a stretch to simplify The Host as an anti-American film, but there is certainly a metaphor and political commentary about the U.S."[81] North Korean leader Kim Jong Il reportedly lauded The Host for its Anti-Americanism themes.[17]

The Host features a satirical portrayal of the South Korean government as bureaucratic, inept, and essentially uncaring. Korean youth protesters are featured satirically in the film, in a mixed way, partially heroic and partially self-righteous and oblivious. According to Bong Joon-ho, the Park Nam-il character is a deliberate anachronism, a reference to South Korea's troubled political history, which involved violent protest. "When you look in terms of this character, it's sort of like the feeling of time going backwards. [...] You could say that he is the image of the college protester back ten years ago; it doesn't exist in the present day."[82]

Legacy

[edit]

Cultural influence

[edit]

The Host is considered a landmark of South Korean cinema,[83] and remains one of the highest-grossing films ever in the country.[84] It also launched a minor resurgence in the monster genre in South Korea, with the subsequent movies including D-War (2007), Chaw (2009), and Sector 7 (2011).[12] The film was Bong's first film that earned major worldwide attention and helped expand his cult following.[85] He later returned to the monster genre with Okja (2017).[12] The Host later had a major resurgence in popularity upon Bong gaining further international success with Parasite (2019).[86]

In 2014, a sculpture of the film's monster was placed in Hangang Park; this was later removed in 2024.[87]

Later reception

[edit]

The Host is considered one of the greatest monster and horror films of the 21st century.[note 4] Some publications have also called it the century's defining monster film.[92][93] Rotten Tomatoes and Rolling Stone listed it among the best science fiction films ever made; it also appears on the former website's list of the greatest horror movies.[94][95][6] The film placed number 81 on Empire's list of "The 100 Best Films of World Cinema";[96] was jointly ranked fifth on Rotten Tomatoes and Collider's ranking of Bong's filmography,[97][98] and appeared on Entertainment Weekly's lists of the 25 best monster movies and Korean horror films.[99][100]

In 2009, filmmaker Quentin Tarantino listed The Host among his Top 20 Favorite Films released since his directorial debut in 1992.[101] Upon meeting Bong in 2013, Tarantino described how he was "blown away" by the film.[102] He felt that Bong succeeded in "recreating the [monster] genre" through portraying a "weird, f[uck]ed up family".[102] Cahiers du Cinéma later ranked it the 4th best film of the 2000s.[103] In 2014, South Korean audiences voted The Host the 9th greatest Korean film of all time and Bong's second best (after Memories of Murder).[104]

In 2020s retrospectives, some reviewers have noted how elements of The Host later came to reflect the response to the COVID-19 pandemic.[36][5][105] The Guardian and The Quill compared scenes involving a supposed virus outbreak, which featured lockdowns, widespread mask usage, reports that symptoms resemble the flu, anxiety, and misinformation.[5][105]

References

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ While publications have primarily labeled The Host as a monster movie, it has also been identified for incorporating multiple genres.[3] These genres include action,[4] black comedy,[5] drama,[4] horror,[4][6] science fiction,[4] and thriller.[7]
  2. ^ Attributed to multiple references:[37][42][43][44][45][46]
  3. ^ Attributed to multiple references:[2][43][53][54][55][56]
  4. ^ Attributed to multiple references:[88][89][90][91]

Citations

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "The Host". Variety. May 22, 2006. Archived from the original on October 7, 2024. Retrieved October 5, 2024.
  2. ^ a b "Film Comment's End of Year Critics' Poll 2006". Film Comment. Film at Lincoln Center. 2007. Archived from the original on January 22, 2016. Retrieved October 5, 2024.
  3. ^ "The Brilliant Tonal Shifts of The Host". Indiana University. Retrieved October 14, 2024.
  4. ^ a b c d Pellme, Arantxa (July 20, 2024). "10 Best Korean Horror Movies, Ranked". CBR. Retrieved October 16, 2024.
  5. ^ a b c Yin, Ying-Di (August 9, 2020). "The Host: Bong Joon-Ho's breakout monster movie is eerily prescient, not-quite-escapist fare". The Guardian. Retrieved October 14, 2024.
  6. ^ a b "200 Best Horror Movies of All Time". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved October 6, 2024.
  7. ^ "The Host: Looking Back on 'Parasite' Director Bong Joon-ho's Stinging Social Monster Thriller". Bloody Disgusting. February 18, 2020. Retrieved October 16, 2024.
  8. ^ a b "Credits". Korean Movie Database (in Korean). Korean Film Archive. Retrieved October 22, 2024.
  9. ^ "'괴물' 출연 외국인 2명 강제추방" [2 Foreigners Appearing in Monster Forcibly Deported]. The Dong-A Ilbo (in Korean). October 5, 2006. Retrieved October 22, 2024.
  10. ^ Kim, Young-rok (2018). "'방구석1열' 임필성 감독 "'괴물' 출연 당시 박해일 앞에서 오디션 봤다"". The Chosun Ilbo (in Korean). Retrieved October 22, 2024.
  11. ^ "오달수, '괴물'에서 괴물 목소리로 등장" [Oh Dal-su appears as the monster's voice in Monster]. KBS News (in Korean). June 26, 2006. Retrieved October 6, 2024.
  12. ^ a b c d "監督との対話から見える『グエムル -漢江の怪物-』の輪郭" [The outline of The Host revealed through conversation with the director]. thecinema.jp. Retrieved October 29, 2024.
  13. ^ a b c "PRESS SCREENING: 괴물 (The Host)". Twitch Film. 7 July 2006. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 2013-09-05.
  14. ^ a b Wallace, Bruce (2006-11-01). "Who's the monster?". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2023-10-07.
  15. ^ "Bong Joon-Ho Talks 괴물 (The Host)". Twitch Film. 26 July 2006. Archived from the original on 29 September 2012. Retrieved 12 January 2007.
  16. ^ a b 이효윤, 나확진 / 인턴 (2021-11-08). "[A Look Back On Korea′s ′Cheonman Movie′ #14] ′The Host′". 연합뉴스. Retrieved 2024-10-20.
  17. ^ a b "[Korean Film News] Peerless Leader Praises The Host". ScreenAnarchy. November 16, 2006. Retrieved October 5, 2024.
  18. ^ a b "Making of The Host | koreanscreen.com". Korean Screen. Retrieved 2023-10-07.
  19. ^ Yang, Seung-cheol (16 July 2006). "That river creature is his baby: Meet the maker of Host". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 2013-09-05.
  20. ^ "Korea Is Showing the World How to Make Political Horror Movies". jacobin.com. Retrieved 2024-10-24.
  21. ^ "U.S. Army Keeping Close Eye on Han River Monster". 27 February 2024.
  22. ^ "Le Cinéma Club | SINK & RISE". Le Cinéma Club. Retrieved 2024-10-20.
  23. ^ a b c Yi, Chang-ho (June 25, 2007). "Chungeorahm Announces The Host Sequel". Korean Film Council. Retrieved September 5, 2013.
  24. ^ SBIFF 2020, 7:36.
  25. ^ a b "The Host". Koreanfilm.org. Retrieved 2007-01-12.
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Works cited

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Further reading

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