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Aminidivi

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Aminidivi
അമിനിദ്വീപ്
Amindivi Islands
Island subgroup
Aminidivi is located in India
Aminidivi
Aminidivi (India)
Map
CountryIndia India
State Lakshadweep
DistrictLakshadweep
Area
 • Total9.26 km2 (3.58 sq mi)
Languages
 • OfficialMalayalam
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
Vehicle registrationLD
M.V. Amindivi, a passenger ship of the Lakshadweep Islands administration named after the island subgroup

The Aminidivi Islands (Malayalam: [ɐminid̪βʷiːbɨ̆]) are one of the three island subgroups in the Union Territory of Lakshadweep, India. It is the northern group of the Lakshadweep, separated from the Laccadive Islands subgroup roughly by the 11th parallel north.[1] The total land area of the group is 9.26 km2.

Formerly the Union Territory was known as Laccadive, Minicoy, and Amindivi Islands,[2] a name that was changed to Lakshadweep by an act of Parliament in 1973.[3] The Aminidivi group forms a taluka or subdivision.[4] The islands of Amini, Kiltan, Chetlat, Kadmat and Bitra are inhabited. The population numbered 18,876 at the 2001 census and Islam is the main religion of the islanders.[5]

Aminidivi has the highest recorded rainfall in India in a 24-hour period, at 1,168 mm on 2004-05-06.

Geography

[edit]

Aminidivi consists of atolls with islands, three reefs or atolls with only unvegetated sand cays above the high water mark, and four submerged banks.[6] In addition, there is the island that gives its name to the group, Amini, which is located at 11°06′N 72°45′E / 11.100°N 72.750°E / 11.100; 72.750 at the northwestern end of Pitti Bank, a largely sunken atoll.

Atoll/Reef/Bank
(alternate name)		 type Land
Area
(km2)		 Lagoon
Area[7]
km2		 No. of
islets		 Pop.
Census
2001		 Location
Amindivi Islands
Cora Divh bank - 339.45 - - 13°42′N 72°11′E / 13.700°N 72.183°E / 13.700; 72.183 (Cora Divh)
Sesostris Bank bank - 388.53 - - 13°08′N 72°00′E / 13.133°N 72.000°E / 13.133; 72.000 (Sesostris Bank)
Bassas de Pedro
(Munyal Par, Padua Bank)		 bank - 2474.33 - - 13°07′N 72°25′E / 13.117°N 72.417°E / 13.117; 72.417 (Bassas de Pedro)
Cherbaniani Reef (Beleapani Reef) reef 0.01 172.59 2 - 12°18′N 71°53′E / 12.300°N 71.883°E / 12.300; 71.883 (Cherbaniani Reef)
Byramgore Reef (Chereapani) reef 0.01 57.46 1 - 11°54′N 71°49′E / 11.900°N 71.817°E / 11.900; 71.817 (Byramgore Reef)
Chetlat Island atoll 1.14 1.60 1 2289 11°42′N 72°42′E / 11.700°N 72.700°E / 11.700; 72.700 (Chetlat Island)
Bitrā Island atoll 0.10 45.61 2 264 11°33′N 72°09′E / 11.550°N 72.150°E / 11.550; 72.150 (Bitrā Island)
Kiltān Island atoll 2.20 1.76 1 3664 11°29′N 73°00′E / 11.483°N 73.000°E / 11.483; 73.000 (Kiltān Island)
Kadmat Island (Cardamom) atoll 3.20 37.50 1 5319 11°14′N 72°47′E / 11.233°N 72.783°E / 11.233; 72.783 (Kadmat Island)
Elikalpeni Bank bank - 95.91 - - 11°12′N 73°58′E / 11.200°N 73.967°E / 11.200; 73.967 (Elikalpeni Bank)
Perumal Par reef 0.01 83.02 1 - 11°10′N 72°04′E / 11.167°N 72.067°E / 11.167; 72.067 (Perumal Par)
Amini Island 1) atoll 2.59 155.09 1) 1 7340 11°06′N 72°45′E / 11.100°N 72.750°E / 11.100; 72.750 (Amini Island)

Climate

[edit]
Climate data for Aminidivi (1991–2020, extremes 1901–2012)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 36.7
(98.1) 		35.7
(96.3) 		37.2
(99.0) 		37.7
(99.9) 		37.5
(99.5) 		36.2
(97.2) 		33.3
(91.9) 		34.4
(93.9) 		33.9
(93.0) 		36.4
(97.5) 		35.0
(95.0) 		35.1
(95.2) 		37.7
(99.9)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 32.2
(90.0) 		32.8
(91.0) 		33.3
(91.9) 		34.0
(93.2) 		33.6
(92.5) 		30.7
(87.3) 		29.8
(85.6) 		29.8
(85.6) 		30.4
(86.7) 		30.9
(87.6) 		31.8
(89.2) 		32.0
(89.6) 		31.8
(89.2)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 23.9
(75.0) 		24.5
(76.1) 		25.5
(77.9) 		26.7
(80.1) 		26.9
(80.4) 		25.7
(78.3) 		25.3
(77.5) 		25.3
(77.5) 		25.2
(77.4) 		25.0
(77.0) 		24.7
(76.5) 		24.0
(75.2) 		25.2
(77.4)
Record low °C (°F) 18.9
(66.0) 		19.4
(66.9) 		20.0
(68.0) 		20.0
(68.0) 		16.6
(61.9) 		21.1
(70.0) 		21.0
(69.8) 		20.9
(69.6) 		21.3
(70.3) 		19.7
(67.5) 		18.3
(64.9) 		18.9
(66.0) 		18.3
(64.9)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 16.3
(0.64) 		2.2
(0.09) 		1.8
(0.07) 		15.5
(0.61) 		132.6
(5.22) 		360.6
(14.20) 		348.8
(13.73) 		237.3
(9.34) 		176.8
(6.96) 		170.1
(6.70) 		92.0
(3.62) 		55.9
(2.20) 		1,610.1
(63.39)
Average rainy days 0.6 0.1 0.2 1.1 5.7 16.6 17.1 13.2 10.8 9.4 5.2 2.6 82.7
Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST) 68 68 68 69 73 84 86 85 81 79 76 71 76
Source: India Meteorological Department[8][9]

History

[edit]

The islands were inhabited from ancient times by people of nearby Kerala to which were added later people of Arab descent. Vasco da Gama visited these islands around 1498. In the mid 16th century all the inhabited islands of the Lakshadweep were conferred as jagir on the ruling family of the Cannanore Kingdom (Arakkal Kingdom) by the Chirakkal or Kolattiri Raja in order to grant protection from the Portuguese.[10]

In the latter quarter of the 18th century the islands of the Amindivi group of the Lakshadweep revolted owing to the rigours of the enforcement of the monopoly of coir rope trade.[11] Following the uprising, the northern islands put themselves under the rule of the Kingdom of Mysore in 1784, then ruled by Tippu Sultan. The southern group of the Cannanore Islands, however, remained loyal to the Arakkal Kingdom.[12]

In 1792, as a consequence of the Third Anglo-Mysore War and the defeat of Tippu Sultan, the Amindivi Islands came under the East India Company rule following the treaty of Srirangapatna. The Amindivi subgroup was then attached to the Kasaragod taluk of South Canara in the Madras Presidency of the British Raj in 1799,[13][14][15] hence they also became known as the South Kanara Islands.[16]

Bibliography

[edit]
  • R. H. Ellis, A Short Account of the Laccadive Islands and Minicoy. Government Press, Madras, 1924
  • K.P. Ittaman, Amini Islanders: Social Structure and Change, Abhinav Publications, Delhi, 1976, ASIN B0060D0XK8

References

[edit]
  1. ^ GEBCO Gazetteer of undersea feature names
  2. ^ Lakshadweep | union territory, India | Britannica
  3. ^ "The name of the Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi islands". Archived from the original on 23 February 2019. Retrieved 2 December 2015.
  4. ^ Lakshadweep Tehsil Map - Maps of India
  5. ^ Web123India
  6. ^ Prakash Chauhan & Shailesh Nayak, Detection of submerged reef banks in the Lakshadweep Sea using IRS-P4 OCM satellite data
  7. ^ "Report on Aquifer Mapping and Management Plan UT of Lakshadweep, Kerala" (PDF). Central Ground Water Board. p. 14. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 May 2023.
  8. ^ "Station: Aminidivi Climatological Table 1991–2020" (PDF). Climatological Normals 1991–2020. India Meteorological Department. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 April 2024. Retrieved 7 July 2024.
  9. ^ "Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. December 2016. p. M113. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 29 February 2020.
  10. ^ The imperial gazetteer of India (Volume 8)
  11. ^ William Logan, Malabar Manual, p. CCLXXIX
  12. ^ Logan, William (2004) [1887]. Malabar Manual. New Delhi: Asian Education Services. p. 2. ISBN 81-206-0446-6.
  13. ^ Government of Madras (1953). 1951 Census Handbook- South Canara District (PDF). Madras Government Press.
  14. ^ Times of India, dated 2005-07-25
  15. ^ 1902 Encyclopedia - Laccadives (also known as: Laccadive Islands; Laccadive, Minicoy, and Amindivi Islands; Lakshadweep)
  16. ^ R. H. Ellis, A Short Account of the Laccadive Islands and Minicoy. Government Press, Madras. 1924. p. 61
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