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Ceann Comhairle

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Ceann Comhairle of Dáil Éireann
Dáil Éireann
StatusPresiding officer
Member of
SeatLeinster House, Dublin
NominatorAt least seven TDs at start of a new term after a general election
AppointerDáil Éireann following election by secret ballot.
Term lengthUntil the end of the current Dáil. No term limits are imposed on the office.
Constituting instrumentArticle 15 – Constitution of Ireland
Inaugural holderCathal Brugha
Formation21 January 1919
DeputyLeas-Cheann Comhairle
Salary€227,448 annually[1]
WebsiteOfficial website
Politics of the Republic of Ireland
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Constitution
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President
Michael D. Higgins
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Oireachtas
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The Ceann Comhairle (Irish: [ˌcaːn̪ˠ ˈkoːɾˠl̠ʲə] ⓘ; "Head of [the] Council"; plural usually Cinn Comhairle [ˌciːn̠ʲ ˈkoːɾˠl̠ʲə]) is the chairperson[2] (or speaker)[2] of Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Oireachtas (parliament) of Ireland. The person who holds the position is elected by members of the Dáil from among their number in the first session after each general election. The Ceann Comhairle since 18 December 2024 has been Verona Murphy, independent TD.

Overview

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The Ceann Comhairle is expected to observe strict impartiality. Despite this, a government usually tries to select a member of its own political party for the position, if it has enough deputies to allow that choice. In order to protect the neutrality of the chair, the Constitution of Ireland provides that an incumbent Ceann Comhairle does not seek re-election as a Teachta Dála (Deputy to the Dáil), but rather is deemed automatically to have been re-elected by their constituency at that general election, unless they are retiring.[a] As a consequence, the constituency that an incumbent Ceann Comhairle represents elects one fewer TD in a general election than its usual entitlement, but still has the same number of TDs.[4] Under standing orders, no member of the government or Minister of State may act as Ceann Comhairle or Leas-Cheann Comhairle.

The Ceann Comhairle does not take part in debates, nor do they vote except in the event of a tie. In this event, they generally vote in accordance with the parliamentary conventions relating to the Speaker of the British House of Commons, which tend to amount to voting against motions. The Ceann Comhairle formally opens each day's sitting by reading the official prayer. The Ceann Comhairle is the sole judge of order in the house and has a number of special functions. Specifically, the Ceann Comhairle:

  • Calls on members to speak. All speeches must be addressed to the Ceann Comhairle.
  • Puts such questions to the house, and supervises and declares the results of divisions.
  • Has authority to suppress disorder. To ensure obedience to his/her rulings the Ceann Comhairle may order members to withdraw from the Dáil or suspend an individual from the House for a period. In the case of great disorder, the Ceann Comhairle can suspend or adjourn the house.
  • Rings a bell when deputies are out of order. The bell is a half-sized reproduction of the ancient bell of Lough Lene Castle found at Castle Island, Lough Lene, Castlepollard, County Westmeath in 1881 and now in the National Museum. The reproduction was presented in 1931 by the widow of Bryan Cooper, a former TD.

The Ceann Comhairle is an ex officio member of the Presidential Commission, the Council of State, and the Commission for Public Service Appointments.[5]

Since the 1937 Constitution, the Ceann Comhairle has been an ex officio member of the Council of State, beginning with Frank Fahy. The earlier presiding officers never served on the Council of State: i.e. those of the Revolutionary Dáil (1919–1922: Cathal Brugha, George Noble Plunkett, Eoin MacNeill, and Michael Hayes) and the Free State Dáil (1922–1936: Hayes again, before Fahy).

History

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The position of Ceann Comhairle was created on the first day of the Dáil on 21 January 1919, when it was first established as a breakaway revolutionary parliament.[6] The first Ceann Comhairle was Cathal Brugha, who served for only one day, presiding over the Dáil's first meeting, before leaving the post to become President of Dáil Éireann. The office was continued under the 1922–1937 Irish Free State, the constitution of which referred to the office-holder as the "Chairman of Dáil Éireann". The practice of automatically re-electing the Ceann Comhairle in a general election was introduced by a constitutional amendment in 1927.[4][7][8] The outgoing Ceann Comhairle is returned at the election for their former party.[9]

Following the abolition on 11 December 1936 of the office of Governor-General, the Ceann Comhairle was assigned some of the former office's ceremonial functions, including signing bills into law and convening and dissolving the Dáil. These powers were transferred to the new office of President of Ireland when a new Constitution came into force on 29 December 1937, being carried out by the Presidential Commission, which included the Ceann Comhairle, until the first president entered office on 25 June 1938. The new Constitution retained the position of Ceann Comhairle and the practice of automatic re-election.

Patrick Hogan retired due to ill health in 1967, and died in 1969 before the following election. Joseph Brennan died in office in 1980. John O'Donoghue resigned the office in 2009 after an expenses scandal. As an ordinary TD he was no longer entitled to be returned automatically at the next general election in 2011, in which he lost his seat.

The Ceann Comhairle was first elected by secret ballot in 2016.[10]

Rules for election

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Under the rules for the election of the Ceann Comhairle, introduced during the 31st Dáil, candidates must be nominated by at least seven other members of Dáil Éireann. Each member may nominate only one candidate. Nominations must be submitted to the Clerk of the Dáil by not later than 6 p.m. on the day before the first day the Dáil meets after the general election in order to be valid, but may be withdrawn at any time up to the close of nominations.[11]

If more than one candidate is nominated, the Dáil will vote by secret ballot in order of preference after the candidates' speeches, which may not exceed five minutes, with an absolute majority required for victory.[12] If no candidate wins a majority on first preferences, the individual with the fewest votes will be eliminated and their votes redistributed in accordance with their next highest preference, under the alternative vote voting system.[11] Eliminations and redistributions will continue until one member receives the requisite absolute majority. Then, the House will vote on a formal motion to appoint the member in question to the position of Ceann Comhairle. The Clerk of the Dáil will be the presiding officer of the House during the election process.

List of office-holders

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Ceann Comhairle

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For each Ceann Comhairle, this tables lists the number of the Dáil, the period in which they held office, their constituencies and their political affiliation immediately prior to their appointment.

Dáil Name
(Birth–Death) 		Portrait Term of office Party Constituency Ref
1st Cathal Brugha
(1874–1922)
Cathalbrugha.JPG
 21 January 1919 22 January 1919 Sinn Féin Waterford County [13]
George Noble Plunkett
(1851–1948)[b]
George Noble Plunkett, circa 1915.jpg
 22 January 1919 22 January 1919 Sinn Féin Roscommon North [14]
Seán T. O'Kelly
(1882–1966)
O Ceallaigh.jpg
 22 January 1919 16 August 1921 Sinn Féin Dublin College Green [15][16]
2nd Eoin MacNeill
(1867–1945)
Eoin MacNeill Portrait.jpg
 16 August 1921 9 September 1922 Sinn Féin (Pro-Treaty) Londonderry
National University[c] 		[17]
3rd Michael Hayes
(1889–1976) 		9 September 1922 9 March 1932 Cumann na nGaedheal National University[d] [18][19]
4th [20]
5th [21]
6th [22]
7th Frank Fahy
(1879–1953)
Frank Fahy 1933 (cropped).png
 9 March 1932 13 June 1951 Fianna Fáil Galway [23]
8th [24]
9th Galway East [25]
10th [26]
11th [27]
12th [28]
13th Galway South [29]
14th Patrick Hogan
(1885–1969) 		13 June 1951 7 November 1967 Labour Clare [30]
15th [31]
16th [32]
17th [33]
18th [34][35]
Cormac Breslin
(1902–1978) 		14 November 1967[e] 14 March 1973 Fianna Fáil Donegal South-West [36]
19th Donegal–Leitrim [37]
20th Seán Treacy
(1923–2018) 		14 March 1973 5 July 1977 Labour Tipperary South [38]
21st Joseph Brennan
(1913–1980)
Joseph Brennan TD for Donegal Leitrim 1970.jpg
 5 July 1977 13 July 1980 Fianna Fáil Donegal [39][40]
Pádraig Faulkner
(1918–2012) 		16 October 1980[f] 30 June 1981 Fianna Fáil Louth [42]
22nd John O'Connell
(1927–2013) 		30 June 1981 14 December 1982 Independent Dublin South-Central [43]
23rd [44]
24th Tom Fitzpatrick
(1918–2006) 		14 December 1982 10 March 1987 Fine Gael Cavan–Monaghan [45]
25th Seán Treacy
(1923–2018) 		10 March 1987 26 June 1997 Independent Tipperary South [46]
26th [47]
27th [48]
28th Séamus Pattison
(1936–2018) 		26 June 1997 6 June 2002 Labour Carlow–Kilkenny [49]
29th Rory O'Hanlon
(born 1934)
Rory O'Hanlon, November 2006 (cropped).jpg
 6 June 2002 14 June 2007 Fianna Fáil Cavan–Monaghan [50]
30th John O'Donoghue
(born 1956)
John O'Donoghue.JPG
 14 June 2007 13 October 2009 Fianna Fáil Kerry South [51][52]
Séamus Kirk
(born 1945) 		13 October 2009 9 March 2011 Fianna Fáil Louth [53]
31st Seán Barrett
(born 1944)
Seán Barrett Ceann Comhairle 2015.png
 9 March 2011 10 March 2016 Fine Gael Dún Laoghaire [54]
32nd Seán Ó Fearghaíl
(born 1960)
Seán Ó Fearghaíl 2016.jpg
 10 March 2016
(2016 election)
(2020 election) 		18 December 2024 Fianna Fáil Kildare South [55]
33rd [56]
34th Verona Murphy
(born 1971)
Verona Murphy, Dec 2024 - (54185823872) (cropped).jpg
 18 December 2024
(2024 election) 		Incumbent Independent Wexford [57]

Leas-Cheann Comhairle

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The Leas-Cheann Comhairle holds office as the deputy chairperson of Dáil Éireann under Article 15.9.1 of the constitution. In the absence of the Ceann Comhairle, the Leas-Cheann Comhairle deputises and performs the duties and exercises the authority of the Ceann Comhairle in Dáil proceedings.[58] The Leas-Cheann Comhairle is also elected by secret ballot. The current Leas-Cheann Comhairle is independent TD Catherine Connolly. She is the first female TD to hold the position. Traditionally, the position was reserved for an Opposition TD.[59] The role carries the pay and status as a Minister of State.

Dáil Name
(Birth–Death) 		Portrait Term of office Party Constituency Ref
1st John J. O'Kelly
(1872–1957)
JJ O'Kelly, circa 1918 to 1931.jpg
 1 April 1919 26 August 1921 Sinn Féin Louth
2nd Brian O'Higgins
(1882–1963)
Banba.jpg
 26 August 1921 28 February 1922 Sinn Féin Clare [60]
3rd Pádraic Ó Máille
(1878–1946)
Pádraic Ó Máille, circa 1922.jpg
 6 December 1922 23 May 1927 Cumann na nGaedheal Galway [18][61]
4th
5th James Dolan
(1884–1955) 		1 July 1927 25 August 1927 Cumann na nGaedheal Leitrim–Sligo
6th Patrick Hogan
(1885–1969) 		27 October 1927 8 March 1928 Labour Clare
Daniel Morrissey
(1895–1981)
Daniel Morrissey 1927.png
 2 May 1928 29 January 1932 Cumann na nGaedheal Tipperary
7th Patrick Hogan
(1885–1969) 		15 March 1932 27 May 1938 Labour Clare
8th
9th
10th Fionán Lynch
(1889–1966) 		5 July 1938 12 May 1939 Fine Gael Kerry South
Eamonn O'Neill
(1882–1954) 		31 May 1939 31 May 1943 Fine Gael Cork West
11th Daniel McMenamin
(1882–1964) 		20 October 1943 12 January 1948 Fine Gael Donegal East
12th
13th Patrick Hogan
(1885–1969) 		25 February 1948 7 May 1951 Labour Clare
14th Cormac Breslin
(1902–1978) 		4 July 1951 7 November 1967 Fianna Fáil Donegal West
15th
16th
17th Donegal South-West
18th
Denis Jones
(1906–1987) 		15 November 1967 5 July 1977 Fine Gael Limerick West
19th
20th
21st Seán Browne
(1916–1996) 		6 July 1977 30 June 1981 Fianna Fáil Wexford
22nd Jim Tunney
(1924–2002) 		7 July 1981 14 December 1982 Fianna Fáil Dublin North-West
23rd
24th John Ryan
(1927–2014) 		15 December 1982 10 March 1987 Labour Tipperary North
25th Jim Tunney
(1924–2002) 		24 March 1987 4 January 1993 Fianna Fáil Dublin North-West
26th
27th Joe Jacob
(born 1939) 		10 February 1993 26 June 1997 Fianna Fáil Wicklow
28th Rory O'Hanlon
(born 1934)
Rory O'Hanlon, November 2006 (cropped).jpg
 9 July 1997 6 June 2002 Fianna Fáil Cavan–Monaghan
29th Séamus Pattison
(1936–2018) 		18 June 2002 14 June 2007 Labour Carlow–Kilkenny
30th Brendan Howlin
(born 1956)
Brendan Howlin (official portrait) 2020 (cropped).jpg
 26 June 2007 9 March 2011 Labour Wexford
31st Michael Kitt
(born 1950) 		31 March 2011 10 March 2016 Fianna Fáil Galway East
32nd Pat "the Cope" Gallagher
(born 1948)
Pat the Cope Gallagher (official portrait).jpg
 7 July 2016 14 January 2020 Fianna Fáil Donegal
33rd Catherine Connolly
(born 1957)
Catherine Connolly.jpg
 23 July 2020 Incumbent Independent Galway West

See also

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Footnotes

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  1. ^ Article 16.6 of the constitution requires that "provision shall be made by law" such that the Ceann Comhairle "be deemed without any actual election to be elected a member of Dáil Éireann".[3] The current law that makes such provision is Section 36 of the Electoral Act 1992.[4]Electoral Act 1992, s. 36: Re-election of outgoing Chairman of Dáil (No. 23 of 1992, s. 36). Act of the Oireachtas. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved from Irish Statute Book on 4 December 2015.
  2. ^ George Noble Plunkett briefly chaired the Dáil on 22 January 1919. Seán T. O'Kelly was elected Ceann Comhairle later in the same day.
  3. ^ MacNeill was returned for seats in both the House of Commons of Northern Ireland and House of Commons of Southern Ireland.
  4. ^ Hayes was also returned for Dublin South in 1922 but chose to vacate that seat.
  5. ^ Appointed temporarily on 7 November 1967 and elected permanently on 14 November 1967
  6. ^ Elected temporarily on 15 October 1980[41] and permanently the following day.

References

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Sources

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  • O'Connor, Tom; O'Halloran, Anthony (2008). "8: An Ceann Comhairle". Politics in a Changing Ireland 1960–2007: A Tribute to Seamus Pattison. Institute of Public Administration. pp. 121–138. ISBN 9781904541691.

Citations

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  1. ^ "TDs and Senators salaries". 7 June 2022. Archived from the original on 7 June 2022. Retrieved 7 June 2022.
  2. ^ a b "Ceann Comhairle". Houses of the Oireachtas. Archived from the original on 17 December 2019. Retrieved 4 December 2019.
  3. ^ "CONSTITUTION OF IRELAND". Irish Statute Book. pp. Article 16.6. Archived from the original on 3 May 2019. Retrieved 4 December 2015.
  4. ^ a b c O'Connor & O'Halloran 2008, pp. 124–127.
  5. ^ "Members of the Commission". Commission for Public Service Appointments. Archived from the original on 28 January 2015. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
  6. ^ "Ceann Comhairle – History". Houses of the Oireachtas. Archived from the original on 21 August 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2009.
  7. ^ Constitution (Amendment No. 2) Act 1927, s. 1: Re-election at general election of outgoing Chairman of Dáil Eireann (No. 6 of 1927, s. 1). Enacted on 19 March 1927. Act of the Oireachtas. Retrieved from Irish Statute Book on 8 April 2021.
  8. ^ Electoral (Amendment) Act 1927, s. 2: Re-election of outgoing Ceann Comhairle (No. 21 of 1927, s. 2). Enacted on 22 May 1927. Act of the Oireachtas. Retrieved from Irish Statute Book on 8 April 2021.
  9. ^ See e.g. "Election results and transfer of votes in general election (March, 1957) for sixteenth Dáil and bye-elections to fifteenth Dáil (1954-1957)" (PDF). Houses of the Oireachtas. Dublin Stationery Office. December 1957. p. 25. Retrieved 17 August 2022. and "33rd DÁIL GENERAL ELECTION 8 February 2020 Election Results" (PDF). Houses of the Oireachtas. pp. 64, 65, 107. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 May 2020. Retrieved 17 August 2022.
  10. ^ "Race to be Ceann Comhairle heats up as secret ballot to be used for the first time in election". 3 March 2016. Archived from the original on 29 May 2021. Retrieved 4 March 2016.
  11. ^ a b Inaccurately described in Dáil standing orders as "the proportional representation single transferable vote system". Dáil Éireann (17 January 2017). "Standing Orders Relative to Public Business; together with Oireachtas Library & Research Service Rules" (PDF) (in English and Irish). Oireachtas. p. 3; S.O. 6(10)(g). Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 October 2020. Retrieved 18 February 2020. The ballot shall be counted under the Proportional Representation Single Transferable Vote (PRSTV) system.
  12. ^ "Here's who is in the mix for the job of keeping order in the next Dáil". TheJournal.ie. 17 February 2020. Archived from the original on 18 February 2020. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
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  14. ^ "Prelude – Dáil Éireann (1st Dáil) – Vol. F No. 2". 22 January 1919. Retrieved 4 November 2022.
  15. ^ "ELECTION OF SPEAKER AND DEPUTY SPEAKER – Dáil Éireann (1st Dáil) – Vol. F No. 2". 22 January 1919. Retrieved 4 November 2022.
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  17. ^ "ELECTION OF CEANN COMHAIRLE – Dáil Éireann (2nd Dáil) – Vol. S No. 1". 16 August 1921. Retrieved 4 November 2022.
  18. ^ a b "Election of Ceann Comhairle – Dáil Éireann (3rd Dáil) – Vol. 1 No. 1". Houses of the Oireachtas. 9 September 1922. Archived from the original on 8 July 2022. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
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  21. ^ "Election of Ceann Comhairle – Dáil Éireann (5th Dáil) – Vol. 20 No. 1". Houses of the Oireachtas. 23 June 1927. Archived from the original on 26 July 2022. Retrieved 26 July 2022.
  22. ^ "Election of Ceann Comhairle – Dáil Éireann (6th Dáil) – Vol. 21 No. 1". Houses of the Oireachtas. 11 October 1927. Archived from the original on 28 July 2022. Retrieved 28 July 2022.
  23. ^ "Election of Ceann Comhairle – Dáil Éireann (7th Dáil) – Vol. 41 No. 1". Houses of the Oireachtas. 9 March 1932. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 6 August 2022.
  24. ^ "Election of Ceann Comhairle – Dáil Éireann (8th Dáil) – Vol. 46 No. 1". Houses of the Oireachtas. 8 February 1933. Archived from the original on 7 August 2022. Retrieved 7 August 2022.
  25. ^ "Election of Ceann Comhairle – Dáil Éireann (9th Dáil) – Vol. 69 No. 1". Houses of the Oireachtas. 21 July 1937. Archived from the original on 2 November 2019. Retrieved 7 August 2022.
  26. ^ "Election of Ceann Comhairle – Dáil Éireann (10th Dáil) – Vol. 72 No. 1". Houses of the Oireachtas. 30 June 1938. Archived from the original on 8 August 2022. Retrieved 8 August 2022.
  27. ^ "Election of Ceann Comhairle – Dáil Éireann (11th Dáil) – Vol. 91 No. 1". Houses of the Oireachtas. 1 July 1943. Archived from the original on 9 August 2022. Retrieved 9 August 2022.
  28. ^ "Election of Ceann Comhairle – Dáil Éireann (12th Dáil) – Vol. 94 No. 1". Houses of the Oireachtas. 9 June 1944. Archived from the original on 11 August 2022. Retrieved 11 August 2022.
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  30. ^ "Election of Ceann Comhairle - Dáil Éireann (14th Dáil) – Vol. 126 No. 1". Houses of the Oireachtas. 13 June 1951. Archived from the original on 8 July 2022. Retrieved 11 August 2022.
  31. ^ "Election of Ceann Comhairle - Dáil Éireann (15th Dáil) – Vol. 146 No. 1". Houses of the Oireachtas. 2 June 1954. Archived from the original on 22 June 2022. Retrieved 17 August 2022.
  32. ^ "Election of Ceann Comhairle – Dáil Éireann (16th Dáil) – Vol. 161 No. 1". Houses of the Oireachtas. 20 March 1957. Archived from the original on 24 June 2022. Retrieved 23 August 2022.
  33. ^ "Election of Ceann Comhairle – Dáil Éireann (17th Dáil) – Vol. 192 No. 1". Houses of the Oireachtas. 11 October 1961. Archived from the original on 24 June 2022. Retrieved 25 August 2022.
  34. ^ "Election of Ceann Comhairle – Dáil Éireann (18th Dáil) – Vol. 215 No. 1". Houses of the Oireachtas. 21 April 1965. Archived from the original on 25 August 2022. Retrieved 25 August 2022.
  35. ^ "Retirement of Ceann Comhairle: Report of Clerk of Dáil – Dáil Éireann (18th Dáil) – Vol. 230 No. 2". Houses of the Oireachtas. 7 November 1965. Archived from the original on 8 July 2022. Retrieved 25 August 2022.
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  59. ^ McGee, Harry (1 April 2011). "FF TD selected by Taoiseach to serve as Leas-Cheann Comhairle". The Irish Times. Archived from the original on 12 November 2011. Retrieved 2 April 2011.
  60. ^ "ELECTION OF DEPUTY SPEAKER – Dáil Éireann (2nd Dáil) – Vol. S No. 1". 16 August 1921. Retrieved 4 November 2022.
  61. ^ "Leas Cheann Comhairle do Thogha – Dáil Éireann (3rd Dáil) – Vol. 2 No. 1". Houses of the Oireachtas (in Irish). 6 December 1922. Retrieved 9 January 2022.
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