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Chief of the Philippine Constabulary

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Chief of the Philippine Constabulary
Puno ng Hukbóng Pamayapà ng Pilipinas
Jefe de la Constabularía Filipina
The official seal of the Philippine Constabulary from 1914 to 1975
Department of National Defense (1938)
Armed Forces of the Philippines (1935)
AbbreviationCPC
Reports toGovernor-General (1901–1935)
President of the Philippine Commonwealth (1935–1942; 1945–1946)
President
ResidenceCamp Crame, Quezon City
Appointer
Governor-General (until 1934)
President (from 1934)
  • with Senate confirmation (from 1946)
Term length3 years unless remove or promoted to higher AFP position
Formation1901
First holderCaptain Henry T. Allen, USA
Final holderMajor General Cesar Nazareno, PC/INP
Superseded byChief of the Philippine National Police (PNP)
DeputyDeputy Chief of Philippine Constabulary

The Chief of the Philippine Constabulary (Filipino: Puno ng Hukbóng Pamayapà ng Pilipinas; Spanish: Jefe de la Constabularía Filipina) was the head of the Philippine Constabulary, the former gendarmerie-type military police force of the Philippines from 1901 to 1991 and the predecessor to the modern-day Philippine National Police. It was founded in 1901 by Captain Henry T. Allen.[1] The position is invariably held by a PC Brigadier General until 1976 when it was held by a Major General. Lieutenant General can be attained if the PC officer was appointed Vice Chief of Staff, AFP or General if the PC officer is appointed to Chief of Staff, AFP.

On some occasions several Army and Air Force General officers were appointed Chief of Constabulary, where they go back to their original branch of service after their term.

Tenure

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A Colonel or Brigadier General can be appointed Chief of Constabulary by the Governor-General but in 1935 President of the Philippine Commonwealth/Republic of the Philippines. In the initial years there was no limit for the position but in 1935 Philippine Government started to impose term limit of 3 years unless appointed to higher position in the Armed Forces such as Deputy Chief of Staff, AFP, Vice Chief of Staff, AFP or Chief of Staff, AFP they have 3 years in the office unless relieved by the President.

Duties and responsibilities

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The Chief of Constabulary shall be directly responsible to the President for the execution of all police duties, responsibilities and functions heretofore pertaining to the Philippine Constabulary and those specifically assigned to him by the President. Subject to the approval of the President he will prescribe and issue regulations for the conduct and administration of the Constabulary. He will administer all laws and regulations affecting personnel of the Constabulary, excepting those pertaining to the procurement of military personnel and the promotion of officers. For purposes of record, he will transmit to the Adjutant General of the Philippine Army such reports and returns as may be necessary to enable that office to maintain permanent records of all personnel. Annual eligibility and efficiency boards appointed in the Army under the orders of the President will include proportionate representation from the Constabulary.[2]

Residence and headquarters

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Old Gagalangin Barracks

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It is the first headquarters of PC and where the Chief of Constabulary held his office. It was its official home from 1901 to 1935, until new Camp was constructed by PC in a new tract of land given by City of Manila in exchange for the Old Barracks.

Camp Crame

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Main article: Camp Crame

Since 1935, then Constabulary Chief Brigadier General Basilio Valdes constructed building around the tract of land New Manila Heights in Quezon City provided by City of Manila in exchange for the Old Barracks. He named the camp after the first Filipino Constabulary Chief Brigadier General Rafael Crame. It has been the official headquarters of PC since 1935 to 1991. Now it is the official headquarters of Philippine National Police the successor of PC/INP since it was deactivated in 1991.

Headquarters organization

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Headquarters Directorates:

  • 1. Directorate for Personnel
  • 2. Directorate for Human Resource and Doctrine Development
  • 3. Directorate for Logistics,
  • 4. Directorate for Research and Development
  • 5. Directorate for Comptrollership,
  • 6. Directorate for Plans,
  • 7. Directorate for Police-Community Relations,
  • 8. Directorate for Investigation and
  • 9. Directorate for Special Staff

List

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The following lists people who have assumed the position of Chief of the Philippine Constabulary since its creation to its deactivation. This includes people who served as Officer in Charge (OIC) of the PC. This excludes OIC tenure due to temporary incapacitation of filing of a leave of absence of the incumbent – who would later resume fulfilling their duties.

No. Name Citizenship Term Notes Ref[3]
Commander of Philippine Constabulary
1 Capt./Brig. GeneralHenry T. Allen US June 1901 – August 1907 Founding Commander, served in France during World War I. Commanded 90th US Infantry Division. [1][3]
2 Col. Harry Hill Bandholtz US August 1907 – 1910 He served as assistant Chief from 1903 - 1909. He was acting chief while General Allen was in US. He would resumed as Assistant Chief under General Smith 1910 - 1913. [3]
3 Col. Cornelius C. Smith US 1910–1912 [3]
4 Brig. Gen. James G. Harbord US 1913 [3]
5 Brig. Gen. William C. Rivers US 1914
6 Brig. Gen. Herman Hall US 19114–1917
7 Brig. Gen. Rafael Crame PHI 1917–1927 First Filipino Commander (1917–1927);
8 Brig. Gen. Carl Nathorst US 1927–1932 Swedish Soldier who enlisted in US Army and deployed in the Philippines in 1899 with Minnesota Volunteers. He was appointed in the Constabulary until promoted to Brigadier General as head of the organization.
9 Brig. Gen. Lucien R. Sweet US 1932
10 Brig. Gen. Clarence H. Bowers US 1932–1934
11 Brig. Gen. Basilio J. Valdes PHI 1934–1935 from 1934
12 Brig. Gen. Charles Livingston US 1935–1937 He served an Army Provost Marshal General and head of Army Constabulary Division in 1936, after appointed by the Army Chief of Staff.
13 Maj. Gen. Jose Delos Reyes PHI 1936–1937 He served an Army Provost Marshal General after serving acting Chief of Staff in 1936, he also was the con-current commander of Constabulary Division, PA while being a Provost Marshal General. He retired and later served Chief of Bureau of Constabulary during Japanese Occupation.
14 Col. Juan Dominguez PHI 1937–1938 He also was the concurrent commander of Constabulary Division, PA while being a Provost Marshal General. Succeeding General Delos Reyes who retired in May 1938. Later served as Chief of Police of Manila.
14 Brig. Gen. Guillermo Francisco PHI 1938–1942 1938 – 1941; resumed under Japanese Occupation until 1945 [4]
Bureau of Constabulary (Japanese Occupation)
15 Brig. Gen. Jose Delos Reyes PHI November 1942 – April 1943 Appointed by Japanese Occupiers as Director for Bureau of Constabulary. Former acting Army Chief of Staff.
16 Brig. Gen. Guillermo Francisco PHI April 1943 – October 1944 Appointed by President Laurel as Director for Bureau of Constabulary
17 Maj. Gen. Paulino Santos PHI October 1944 – 1945 Recalled by President Laurel from retirement to be the head of Bureau of Constabulary, however was captured by Japanese for helping people and guerillas after assuming the position. He died in Kianga, Ifugao as he was not allowed by Japanese captors to go American hospital for treatment.
Liberation to Martial Law Years
18 Brig. Gen. Federico G. Oboza PHI 1945–1946
19 Brig. Gen. Mariano Castañeda PHI 1946–1948 Became Chief of Staff and Medal of Valor Awardee
20 Brig. Gen. Alberto Ramos PHI 1948–1950 Relieved by President Quirino upon the recommendation of Defense Secretary Magsaysay. He was appointed Presidential Adviser on Police Affairs and later Director of National Bureau of Investigation.
21 Brig. Gen. Florencio Selga PHI 1950–1955
22 Brig. Gen. Manuel Cabal PHI 1955–1957 Became Chief of Staff in 1959
23 Brig. Gen. Pelagio A. Cruz PHI 1958–1958 Returned to PAF after his term and appointed as Chief of Staff in 1961 [5]
24 Brig. Gen. Isagani Villoria Campo PHI 1958–1961
25 Brig. Gen. Nicanor Garcia PHI 1961–1963
26 Brig. Gen. Dominador Garcia PHI 1963
27 Brig. Gen. Godofredo F. Mendoza PHI 1964
28 Brig. Gen. Vicente M. Yngente PHI 1964
29 Brig. Gen. Flaviano Olivares PHI 1965–1966
30 Brig. Gen. Segundo P. Velasco PHI 1966–1967 Became AFP Chief of Staff in 1967
31 Brig. Gen. Manuel Yan PHI 1967–1968 Became youngest AFP Chief of Staff in 1968
32 Brig. Gen. Vicente Raval PHI 1968–1970
33 Brig. Gen. Eduardo Garcia PHI 1970–1972
Chief of Philippine Constabulary/Director General of Integrated National Police
34 Lt. Gen. Fidel Valdez Ramos PHI 1972–1986 Served as acting AFP Chief of Staff from 1984 to 1985 and Vice AFP Chief of Staff while concurrent PC Chief in 1984 to 1986 before EDSA Revolution. He became AFP Chief of Staff in 1986 after EDSA Revolution, later Defense Secretary and President of the Philippines from 1992 to 1998. [6]
35 Lt. Gen. Renato de Villa PHI 1986–1988 was concurrent Vice Chief of Staff of AFP while in the position. He was appointed as AFP Chief of Staff in 1988 to 1991.
36 Maj. Gen. Ramon Montaño PHI 1988 – 1990 Former CAPCOM commander
37 Maj. Gen. Cesar P. Nazareno PHI 1990 – March 1991 Last chief before disbandment [7]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b "MODULE4 LEA101". www.coursehero.com. Retrieved 2023-11-27.
  2. ^ https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1938/06/23/executive-order-no-153-s-1938/ Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  3. ^ a b c d e https://www.armyupress.army.mil/Portals/7/military-review/Archives/English/SO-21/cross-philippine/cross.pdf
  4. ^ "Quezon appoints Francisco as PC Chief". October 21, 1938.
  5. ^ https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1962/01/08/official-week-in-review-december-31-january-6-1962/
  6. ^ Gavilan, Jodesz. "Marcos and his men: Who were the key Martial Law figures?". Retrieved August 21, 2020.
  7. ^ "POLICE REGIONAL OFFICE 3".
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