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Battles of Tobago

Coordinates: 11°15′0.0″N 60°40′1.2″W / 11.250000°N 60.667000°W / 11.250000; -60.667000
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For the 1781 battle, see Invasion of Tobago.
First battle of Tobago
Part of the Franco-Dutch War

A painting of the battle
Date3 March 1677
Location
Off Tobago, Caribbean Sea
11°15′0.0″N 60°40′1.2″W / 11.250000°N 60.667000°W / 11.250000; -60.667000
Result Dutch victory
Belligerents
 Dutch Republic  France
Commanders and leaders
Jacob Binckes Jean II d'Estrées
Strength
9 warships
Several smaller vessels		 9 warships
Several smaller vessels
Casualties and losses
1 warship destroyed
1 warship sunk		 2 warships destroyed
2 warships captured

The battles of Tobago were two naval battles between the French Navy and the Dutch States Navy during the Franco-Dutch War in 1677.

First battle of Tobago

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The First Battle of Tobago took place on 3 March 1677 between a Dutch fleet under the command of Jacob Binckes and a French squadron commanded by Jean II d'Estrées attempting to recapture the island of Tobago in the West Indies. There was much death and destruction on both sides. One of the Dutch supply ships caught fire and exploded; the fire then quickly spread in the narrow bay causing several warships, among them the French flagship Glorieux, to catch fire and explode in turn which resulted in great loss of life.

Order of battle (first battle)

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France

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Dutch Republic

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Second battle of Tobago

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Second battle of Tobago
Part of the Franco-Dutch War
Date11 December 1677
Location
Off Tobago, Caribbean Sea
Result French victory
Belligerents
 France  Dutch Republic
Commanders and leaders
Jean II d'Estrées Jacob Binckes †
Strength
6 ships of the line
4 smaller vessels
520 guns
3,500 crewmen[1]		 10 ships of the line
3 smaller vessels
650 guns
4,000 crewmen[1]
Casualties and losses
1,200 killed or wounded
4 ships of the line lost[1]		 1,800 killed or wounded
600 prisoners[2]
10 ships of the line lost[1]

The French fleet retreated but made a second attempt to capture Tobago at the end of the year, during the Second Battle of Tobago, which took place on 11 December 1677. This time, the French were successful. The French squadron sailed to the Cape Verde Islands, took the slaving island of Gorée (off Senegal) from the Dutch, then sailed fast to the Antilles. D'Estrées stopped briefly at Barbados to find out what he could about the strength of the Dutch, then reached Tobago on 6 December 1677.[3]Blénac led the land force of 950 men, with an artillery train to besiege the Dutch fort.[3] The mortars and cannon had to be dragged about 4 miles (6.4 km) to the top of a hill that overlooked the fort, which took three days. The third shell fired by the French hit the powder magazine, and the explosion destroyed the fort. 250 men died, including Admiral Jacob Binckes and 16 officers. The French attacked at once and within an hour had seized what remained of the fort as well as four sinking ships. They took 600 prisoners.[2] The French destroyed all the houses and plantation buildings on the island, deported the people and abandoned the island.[4] This victory destroyed Dutch military power in the Antilles. D'Estrées next sailed to Martinique to prepare an attack on Curaçao.[2][a] Blénac raised a large contingent of buccaneers to support this expedition.[5]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d Bodart 1908, p. 101.
  2. ^ a b c d Pritchard 2004, p. 294.
  3. ^ a b Pritchard 2004, p. 293.
  4. ^ Woodcock 1867, p. 30.
  5. ^ Marley 2010, p. 48.
  1. ^ D'Estrées delayed the attack on Curaçao for four months while he tried to recruit more forces, and finally left on 7 May. His fleet ran onto coral reefs off the Las Aves archipelago, lost all but one of the ships of the line, and was forced to return to France.[2]

Sources

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  • Bodart, Gaston (1908). Militär-historisches Kriegs-Lexikon (1618-1905) (in German). Vienna and Leipzig: C. W. Stern. Retrieved 10 September 2023.
  • Marley, David (2010), Pirates of the Americas, ABC-CLIO, ISBN 978-1-59884-201-2, retrieved 2018-09-03
  • Pritchard, James S. (2004-01-22), In Search of Empire: The French in the Americas, 1670-1730, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-82742-3, retrieved 2018-08-31
  • Woodcock, Henry Iles (1867), A History of Tobago, author, retrieved 2018-09-01
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