1958 Italian general election

1958 Italian general election

25 May 1958
All 596 seats in the Chamber of Deputies 299 seats needed for a majority All 246 elective seats in the Senate 127 seats needed for a majority
Registered	32,434,852 (C) · 29,183,501 (S)
Turnout	30,434,681 (C) · 93.8% (0.0 pp) 27,425,843 (S) · 93.9% (0.1 pp)
Majority party Minority party Third party   Leader Amintore Fanfani Palmiro Togliatti Pietro Nenni Party DC PCI PSI Leader since 16 July 1954 15 May 1943 16 May 1949 Leader's seat Arezzo (C) Rome (C) Milan (C) Seats won 273 (C) / 123 (S) 140 (C) / 59 (S) 84 (C) / 35 (S) Seat change 17 (C) / 7 (S) 3 (C) / 7 (S) 9 (C) / 9 (S) Popular vote 12,520,207 (C) 10,780,954 (S) 6,704,454 (C) 5,700,952 (S) 4,206,726 (C) 3,682,945 (S) Percentage 42.4% (C) 41.2% (S) 22.7% (C) 21.8% (S) 14.2% (C) 14.1% (S) Swing 2.3 pp (C) 1.4 pp (S) 0.1 pp (C) 1.6 pp (S) 1.5 pp (C) 2.2 pp (S)   Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party   Leader Arturo Michelini Giuseppe Saragat Giovanni Malagodi Party MSI PSDI PLI Leader since 10 October 1954 11 April 1957 4 April 1954 Leader's seat Rome (C) Turin (C) Milan (C) Seats won 24 (C) / 8 (S) 22 (C) / 5 (S) 17 (C) / 4 (S) Seat change 5 (C) / 1 (S) 3 (C) / 1 (S) 4 (C) / 1 (S) Popular vote 1,407,718 (C) 1,150,051 (S) 1,345,447 (C) 1,164,280 (S) 1,047,081 (C) 1,012,610 (S) Percentage 4.8% (C) 4.4% (S) 4.6% (C) 4.5% (S) 3.5% (C) 3.9% (S) Swing 1.0 pp (C) 1.7 pp (S) 0.1 pp (C) 0.2 pp (S) 0.5 pp (C) 1.0 pp (S)
Prime Minister before election Adone Zoli DC Prime Minister after the election Amintore Fanfani DC

The 1958 Italian general election was held in Italy on 25 May 1958. The number of MPs to be elected was calculated upon the population's size for the last time.

Electoral system

Minor changes were made to the electoral law in 1958, creating a system which would remain unchanged until its abrogation in 1993.

The pure party-list proportional representation was definitely adopted for the Chamber of Deputies. Italian provinces were united in 32 constituencies, each electing a group of candidates. At constituency level, seats were divided between open lists using the largest remainder method with Imperiali quota. Remaining votes and seats were transferred at national level, where they were divided using the Hare quota, and automatically distributed to best losers into the local lists.

For the Senate, 237 single-seat constituencies were established, even if the assembly had 9 more members. The candidates needed a landslide victory of two thirds of votes to be elected: only 5 hoping senators reached this goal. All remained votes and seats were grouped in party lists and regional constituencies, where a D'Hondt method was used: inside the lists, candidates with the best percentages were elected.

Historical background

After De Gasperi's retirement in 1953, Fanfani emerged as the anticipated successor, a role confirmed by his appointment as party secretary from 1954 to 1959. He reorganized and rejuvenated the national party organization of the Christian Democrats after the dependence on the church and the government which had typified the De Gasperi period.

Fanfani's activist and sometimes authoritarian style, as well as his reputation as an economic reformer, ensured that the moderates within the DC, who opposed the state's intrusion into the country's economic life, regarded him with distrust. His indefatigable energy and his passion for efficiency carried him far in politics, but he was rarely able to exploit fully the opportunities that he created. One politician once remarked: "Fanfani has colleagues, associates, acquaintances and subordinates. But I have never heard much about his friends."

Parties and leaders

Party		Ideology	Leader	Seats in 1953
				C	S	Total
	Christian Democracy (DC)	Christian democracy	Amintore Fanfani	263	112	375
	Italian Communist Party (PCI)	Communism	Palmiro Togliatti	143	52	195
	Italian Socialist Party (PSI)	Democratic socialism	Pietro Nenni	75	26	101
	Monarchist National Party (PNM)	Monarchism	Alfredo Covelli	40	14	54
	Italian Social Movement (MSI)	Neo-fascism	Arturo Michelini	29	9	38
	Italian Democratic Socialist Party (PSDI)	Social democracy	Giuseppe Saragat	19	4	23
	Italian Liberal Party (PLI)	Conservative liberalism	Giovanni Malagodi	13	3	16
	Italian Republican Party (PRI)	Republicanism	Oronzo Reale	5	0	5
	People's Monarchist Party (PMP)	Monarchism	Achille Lauro	New

Results

The election gave similar results of five years before and, consequently, the same problems of political instability of the centrist formula. Christian Democracy was polarized by a fraction which liked more leftist politics, and another one which urged for a rightist route. Party's secretary Amintore Fanfani was in the first field, and called for a dialogue with the Italian Socialist Party, which had frozen its relationships with the Italian Communist Party after the Hungarian Revolution. Fanfani led a year-term government, but the reaction of the conservative fraction gave the power to Antonio Segni, followed by Fernando Tambroni who received a decisive vote of confidence by the neo-fascist Italian Social Movement. The MSI had been banned by any type of political power since its birth under the theory of the Constitutional Arch, which stated that any government or opposition party which had voted the Italian Constitution, had to refuse any relationship with fascist and monarchist forces, seen as anti-constitutional groups. Strikes and revolts causing some casualties erupted through the country, and Tambroni had to resign. Fanfani returned to the premiership, this time with an openly centre-left programme supported by the socialist abstention. The government created the middle school for workers' sons, and the ENEL after the electric energy nationalisation.

Chamber of Deputies

Party		Votes	%	Seats	+/–
	Christian Democracy	12,520,207	42.35	273	+10
	Italian Communist Party	6,704,454	22.68	140	−3
	Italian Socialist Party	4,206,726	14.23	84	+9
	Italian Social Movement	1,407,718	4.76	24	−5
	Italian Democratic Socialist Party	1,345,447	4.55	22	+3
	Italian Liberal Party	1,047,081	3.54	17	+4
	People's Monarchist Party	776,919	2.63	14	New
	Monarchist National Party	659,997	2.23	11	−29
	Italian Republican Party–Radical Party	405,782	1.37	6	+1
	Community Movement	173,227	0.59	1	New
	South Tyrolean People's Party	135,491	0.46	3	0
	Movement for Piedmontese Regional Autonomy	70,589	0.24	0	New
	Valdostan Union	30,596	0.10	1	New
	Catholic National Resurrection Party	15,929	0.05	0	New
	Autonomous Federation of Italian Social Democrats	9,332	0.03	0	New
	National Labour Party	7,183	0.02	0	New
	Autonomy Piemont-Villarboito Movement	6,955	0.02	0	New
	Union of Trieste	6,661	0.02	0	New
	Independence Front	6,305	0.02	0	New
	Pro-Pensioners Movement	4,987	0.02	0	New
	Italian Soldiers' United Front	4,172	0.01	0	New
	European Democratic Concentration	4,133	0.01	0	New
	Independent Divorce Movement	3,955	0.01	0	New
	Sicilian Social Party	3,136	0.01	0	New
	Italian National Movement	1,499	0.01	0	0
	Action-Renewal Movement	752	0.00	0	New
	Italian Social Economic Movement	571	0.00	0	New
	Italian Party of Borrowers and War Invalids	465	0.00	0	New
Total		29,560,269	100.00	596	+6
Valid votes		29,560,269	97.13
Invalid/blank votes		874,412	2.87
Total votes		30,434,681	100.00
Registered voters/turnout		32,434,852	93.83
Source: Ministry of the Interior

Popular vote DC   42.35% PCI   22.68% PSI   14.23% MSI   4.76% PSDI   4.55% PLI   3.54% PMP   2.63% PNM   2.23% PRI–PR   1.37% Others   1.64%

Seats DC   45.81% PCI   23.49% PSI   14.09% MSI   4.03% PSDI   3.69% PLI   2.85% PMP   2.35% PNM   1.85% PRI–PR   1.01% Others   0.84%

Results by constituency

Constituency	Total seats	Seats won
		DC	PCI	PSI	MSI	PSDI	PLI	PMP	PNM	PRI–PR	Others
Turin	26	11	6	4		2	1		1		1
Cuneo	14	8	2	2		1	1
Genoa	21	9	5	4	1	1	1
Milan	39	15	9	7	1	3	2	1	1
Como	14	8	2	3		1
Brescia	19	12	2	3		1	1
Mantua	10	5	3	2
Trentino	10	5		1		1					3
Verona	29	18	4	4	1	1	1
Venice	16	9	3	3		1
Udine	14	8	2	2	1	1
Bologna	27	7	10	4	1	2	1			2
Parma	19	7	7	3		1	1
Florence	13	5	6	2
Pisa	15	6	5	3						1
Siena	9	3	4	2
Ancona	19	8	5	3	1	1				1
Perugia	13	5	4	3	1
Rome	39	16	9	5	4	1	1	1	1	1
L'Aquila	17	8	4	2	1			1	1
Campobasso	6	4	1				1
Naples	34	14	8	3	1	1	1	6
Benevento	21	10	4	2	1	1	1	1	1
Bari	22	10	7	3	1				1
Lecce	18	9	4	2	2				1
Potenza	8	4	2	1				1
Catanzaro	26	13	6	3	1		1	1	1
Catania	29	13	6	3	2	1	2	1	1
Palermo	29	13	6	3	2	1	1	1	1	1
Cagliari	15	8	3	2	1				1
Aosta Valley	1										1
Trieste	4	2	1		1
Total	596	273	140	84	24	22	17	14	11	6	4

Senate of the Republic

Party		Votes	%	Seats	+/–
	Christian Democracy	10,780,954	41.23	123	+10
	Italian Communist Party	5,700,952	21.80	59	+8
	Italian Socialist Party	3,682,945	14.08	35	+9
	Italian Democratic Socialist Party	1,164,280	4.45	5	+1
	Italian Social Movement	1,150,051	4.40	8	−1
	Italian Liberal Party	1,012,610	3.87	4	+1
	People's Monarchist Party	774,242	2.96	5	New
	Monarchist National Party	565,045	2.16	2	−14
	Italian Republican Party – Radical Party	363,462	1.39	0	0
	MSI – PNM	291,359	1.11	0	0
	PCI – PSI	185,557	0.71	2	0
	Community Movement	142,897	0.55	0	New
	South Tyrolean People's Party	120,068	0.46	2	0
	Movement for Piedmontese Regional Autonomy	61,088	0.23	0	New
	PSI – PSDI	43,191	0.17	0	0
	Left-wing independents	28,141	0.11	1	+1
	Sardinian Action Party	25,923	0.10	0	0
	Key	12,686	0.05	0	New
	Bruno Buitoni	11,540	0.04	0	New
	Three Peaks of Lavaredo	9,928	0.04	0	New
	Tota Sabina Civitas	6,449	0.02	0	New
	National Monarchist Party	4,729	0.02	0	New
	National Labour Party	3,588	0.01	0	New
	Socialist Unification	3,110	0.01	0	New
	Four-Leaf Clover	2,818	0.01	0	New
	Rural Movement	2,389	0.01	0	New
Total		26,150,002	100.00	246	+9
Valid votes		26,150,002	95.35
Invalid/blank votes		1,275,841	4.65
Total votes		27,425,843	100.00
Registered voters/turnout		29,183,501	93.98
Source: Ministry of the Interior

Popular vote DC   41.23% PCI   21.80% PSI   14.08% PSDI   4.45% MSI   4.40% PLI   3.87% PMP   2.96% PNM   2.16% PRI–PR   1.39% Others   3.66%

Seats DC   50.00% PCI   23.98% PSI   14.23% MSI   3.25% PSDI   2.03% PMP   2.03% PLI   1.63% PNM   0.81% Others   2.03%

Results by constituency

Constituency	Total seats	Seats won
		DC	PCI	PSI	MSI	PSDI	PMP	PLI	PNM	Others
Piedmont	18	9	4	3		1		1
Aosta Valley	1									1
Lombardy	33	16	6	7	1	2		1
Trentino-Alto Adige	6	4								2
Veneto	20	13	3	3		1
Friuli-Venezia Giulia	6	4	1	1
Liguria	8	4	2	2
Emilia-Romagna	18	6	8	3		1
Tuscany	16	7	6	3
Umbria	6	2	2	2
Marche	7	4	2	1
Lazio	17	8	4	2	2		1
Abruzzo and Molise	8	5	2	1
Campania	22	10	5	2	1		3	1
Apulia	16	8	4	2	1				1
Basilicata	6	4	2
Calabria	10	5	3	1	1
Sicily	22	10	5	2	2		1	1	1
Sardinia	6	4								2
Total	246	123	59	35	8	5	5	4	2	5