January 1937

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January 18, 1937: Ohio River overflows its banks, causing almost 400 deaths

The following events occurred in January 1937:

January 1, 1937 (Friday)[edit]

January 2, 1937 (Saturday)[edit]

January 3, 1937 (Sunday)[edit]

January 4, 1937 (Monday)[edit]

  • France restored the Constitution of Lebanon after it had been suspended for a number of years.[16]
  • The winners of the 2nd New York Film Critics Circle Awards were announced. Mr. Deeds Goes to Town was named Best Film of 1936.
  • The U.S. Supreme Court decided De Jonge v. Oregon, unanimously holding that a law against criminal syndicalism could not be applied against someone merely for speaking at a meeting of an organization deemed to be a criminal syndicate (in the case at hand, the Communist Party of Oregon). Writing for the Court, Chief Justice Charles Evans Hughes commented, "The greater the importance of safeguarding the community from incitements to the overthrow of our institutions by force and violence, the more imperative is the need to preserve inviolate the constitutional rights of free speech, free press, and free assembly in order to maintain the opportunity for free political discussion, to the end that government may be responsive to the will of the people and that changes, if desired, may be obtained by peaceful means. Therein lies the security of the Republic, the very foundation of constitutional government."[31]
  • Born:
  • Died:

January 5, 1937 (Tuesday)[edit]

  • The first issue of Look magazine, created by publisher Gardner Cowles Jr. and John Cowles Sr. as a rival to Life magazine launched two months earlier by Time Inc., went on sale in the United States.[36][37] The initial magazine, dated "February 1937", had Nazi official Hermann Goering on its cover.[38][39] As with Life, Look was filled with photos to supplement its new stories. Originally a monthly magazine for its first five issues, it became a biweekly magazine on May 11 and continue without interruption until its October 19, 1971 issue, 14 months before Life published its final issue.
  • Khayreddin al-Ahdab formed a government as the new Prime Minister of Lebanon, at the time a French Mandate of the League of Nations, becoming the first Muslim to hold the post.
  • The government of Nazi Germany recommended German artists depict at least four children in illustrations of German families.[40]
  • U.S. Representative William B. Bankhead of Alabama, a Democrat, won re-election as the Speaker of the United States House of representatives, receiving 324 of 421 votes cast (76.78%). Republican nominee Bertrand Snell of New York received 83 votes.[41]
  • The successful German film Panzerkreuzer Sebastopol: Weisse Sklaven (Battleship Sebastopol: White Slaves), directed by Karl Anton, premiered[42] after being approved by Nazi censors. The film was described by a later historian as "a clumsy anti-communist Nazi replica" ("einer plump antikommunistischen NS-Replik")[43] of Sergei Eisenstein's 1925 Soviet film Battleship Potemkin.
  • Born:
  • Died: Aurora Picornell, Spanish Communist labor activist and seamstress, was executed along with four other women, after the Nationalists led by Francisco Franco captured the island of Menorca during the Spanish Civil War.[46]

January 6, 1937 (Wednesday)[edit]

Poster for the 1937 Soviet census announcing "6 January 1937: All-union Census of Population"
  • The Soviet Census of 1937 was held and resulted in a count of 162,039,470 people, much lower than the 180,000,000 expected by Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin.[47] After the presentation of the results to Stalin in March, he ordered the arrest of Census Bureau, Olimpiy Kvitkin and census statisticians Mikhail Kurman, Lazar Brand, Ivan Oblomov and Ivan Kraval, as well as the chiefs of most of the regional statistical centers, and executions followed.[48] The census would be set aside by decision of the Sovnarkom on September 25, with an editorial in the Communist Party newspaper declaring that "enemies of the people gave the census counters invalid instructions that led to the gross under-counting of the population, but the brave NKVD under the leadership of Nikolai Yezhov destroyed the snake's nest in the statistical bodies."[49]
  • U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt delivered the annual State of the Union address to Congress. "The statute of NRA has been outlawed", the president said. "The problems have not. They are still with us." Roosevelt said that means "must be found to adapt our legal forms and our judicial interpretation to the actual present national needs of the largest progressive democracy in the modern world."[50]
  • The U.S. Congress passed a resolution strictly forbidding the export of arms to Spain.[51]
  • Born:
  • Died:

January 7, 1937 (Thursday)[edit]

Juliana and Bernhard

January 8, 1937 (Friday)[edit]


January 9, 1937 (Saturday)[edit]

Trotsky and wife arrive in Mexico
  • After being expelled from Norway on December 9 and deported on the oil tanker Ruth, former Soviet Russian activist Leon Trotsky and his wife Natalia Sedova arrived in Mexico, where he would spend the rest of his life until his assassination in 1940.[64]
  • Italy banned interracial marriage between its won citizens and women in its African colonies, specifically "Regular or irregular unions between Italians and Abyssinian women," referring to women in Ethiopia. Other decrees were that Jewish communities in Africa must open their business premises on Saturdays and shut them on Sundays," an application of Italy's existing Shop Hours Act to the colonies in Libya, Somalia and Ethiopia.[65]
  • The American Board of Surgery was established in Philadelphia for the purpose of certifying surgeons who have met a defined standard of education, training and knowledge.
  • Born:

January 10, 1937 (Sunday)[edit]

  • With the Spanish Nationalists of Francisco Franco conducting bombing raids and advancing to capture Spain's capital, the Spanish government ordered an evacuation of all noncombatant citizens remaining in Madrid.[66][17]
  • The report of the Brownlow Committee (officially the President's Committee on Administrative Management), appointed by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt to recommend for reorganization of the executive branch of the U.S. government, was presented by the President to seven congressional leaders who had been summoned to the White House for a Sunday meeting.[67][68]. Composed of three professors of political science — Louis Brownlow and Charles Merriam of the University of Chicago and Luther Gulick of Columbia University— the Committee declared that "The President needs help,"[69] and delivered recommendations that Roosevelt discussed with his cabinet the next day and then to Congress on Tuesday.
  • France massed troops in French Morocco and threatened to occupy the Spanish side if the Nationalists refused to quickly oust the Germans reported in the territory. France feared that Germany was building up troops there under the guise of "volunteers" in preparation for a surprise attack on French Morocco.[70]
  • Britain warned its citizens that anyone volunteering to fight for either side in the Spanish Civil War would be subject to prosecution under the Foreign Enlistment Act of 1870.[71]
  • Died:

January 11, 1937 (Monday)[edit]

January 12, 1937 (Tuesday)[edit]

January 13, 1937 (Wednesday)[edit]

January 14, 1937 (Thursday)[edit]

January 15, 1937 (Friday)[edit]

January 16, 1937 (Saturday)[edit]

January 17, 1937 (Sunday)[edit]

  • A prison riot broke out near Guelph in Canada. Inmates started fires and fought police for ten hours until order was restored. An estimated $250,000 in damage was done and it was feared that 200 of the prison's 700 inmates had escaped.[100]
  • At a special meeting in Warsaw, the Stronnictwo Ludowe, a political party to champion the rights of farm laborers, voted to present demands to the Polish government and then to organize a strike of the nation's peasants. The strike itself would take place for 10 days in August.
  • In Spain, Nationalist General Gonzalo Queipo de Llano led rebel troops to attack the Spanish government stronghold of Málaga, by first seizing Granada, Marbella, and Ronda. By February 8, the Nationalists would take the city and then carry out the massacre of thousands of civilian refugees.
  • The Soviet Union sent Britain a note on the Spanish Civil War explaining that the Soviet government, although it "presently does not practice the dispatchment of volunteer detachments, does not consider it expedient to adopt unilateral prohibitive measures."[101]
  • The melodrama film Black Legion, starring Humphrey Bogart, premiered in New York City.
  • Born: Salihu Modibbo Alfa Belgore, Chief Justice of Nigeria from 2006 to 2007; in Ilorin[102]
  • Died: Richard Boleslawski (stage name for Bolesław Ryszard Srzednicki), 47, Polish director and actor, died of a heart attack.

January 18, 1937 (Monday)[edit]

January 19, 1937 (Tuesday)[edit]

January 20, 1937 (Wednesday)[edit]

January 21, 1937 (Thursday)[edit]

January 22, 1937 (Friday)[edit]

A colorized photo of Louisville residents in line for flood relief

January 23, 1937 (Saturday)[edit]

Prime Minister Hirota
  • Japan's Prime Minister Kōki Hirota and his entire Japanese cabinet resigned due to a split between military leaders, and anti-military parliamentary members of the National Diet who thought that the army had too much influence over the government.[130] Hirota was in sharp disagreement with the War Minister, General Hisaichi Terauchi over a speech made by Kunimatsu Hamada
  • The second Moscow Trial began five months after the trial and execution of 16 former Soviet Communist Party leaders the previous August. The new defendants were 17 lesser communist leaders branded collectively as the Anti-Soviet Trotskyist Center (including economic administrator Georgy Pyatakov and highway administrator Leonid Serebryakov), who were charged with an anti-Stalin conspiracy.[131]

January 24, 1937 (Sunday)[edit]

January 25, 1937 (Monday)[edit]

  • The soap opera The Guiding Light premiered on NBC Radio at 4:45 in the afternoon Eastern time, initially as "a story which details the experiences of a minister in a melting pot community."[135] The show's title came from the lamp that the show's protagonist, the Reverend John Ruthledge (voiced by Arthur Peterson Jr.), would turn on in his parsonage to let people know that he was always available to counsel them.[136] The radio show continued until June 29, 1956, running concurrently with a CBS television show which premiered on June 30, 1952, running for 54 years until its final episode on September 18, 2009, 72 years after the premiere of radio show that began the series.[136][137]
  • A bus accident killed 23 of 32 passengers on the in the U.S. state of Florida, most of whom were tourists. The bus, operated by Tamiami Trail Tours, fell into a canal running alongside the Tamiami Trail road in the Florida Everglades.[138]
  • Born: Ange-Félix Patassé, Central African politician; in Paoua, Ubangi-Shari (now the Central African Republic) (d. 2011)
  • Died:
    • Dimitri Navachine, 47, Russian economist and Soviet diplomat who guided the Soviet Union's financial matters until defecting to France in 1929, was stabbed to death while walking his dog in Paris.[139][140]
    • Addison Burkhardt, 57, American playwright, screenwriter and lyricist, died of influenza.[141]

January 26, 1937 (Tuesday)[edit]

January 27, 1937 (Wednesday)[edit]

  • The 1935 salaries of Hollywood movie stars were made public as part of a Congressional study on salaries paid by corporations. Greta Garbo topped the list at $332,500, followed by Wallace Beery ($278,749), Joan Crawford ($241,403), William Powell ($238,750) and Clark Gable ($211,553).[145]
  • Britain's Labour Party disassociated itself from the "Socialist League", a group of Labour MPs who sought to move Labour further to the left and had launched a "Unity Campaign" to bring British left-wing organizations into a united front against Fascism. Members of the League were given the choice of either quitting the Labour Party or quitting the Socialist League, and most opted to stay with Labour.[146]
  • Born: John Ogdon, English pianist and composer; in Mansfield Woodhouse, Nottinghamshire (d. 1989)

January 28, 1937 (Thursday)[edit]

January 29, 1937 (Friday)[edit]

January 30, 1937 (Saturday)[edit]

  • On the fourth anniversary of becoming the Chancellor of Germany and leading his Nazi Party to control of the nation, Adolf Hitler said in a speech that Germany was renouncing Article 231 of the Treaty of Versailles, in which Germany accepted the blame for starting the First World War.[151] On the same day, Hitler convened a meeting of his cabinet and issued a bill for approval by the Nazi parliament, "Law for the reorganization of relations between the Reichsbank and the Reichsbahn", nationalizing Germany's banks and its railways.[152]
  • Paul Freiherr von Eltz-Rübenach, the Reichspostminister (in charge of the postal service) and the Reichsminister für Verkehr (in charge of transportation) became the only remaining official in Hitler's cabinet who was not a member of the Nazi Party. At the cabinet meeting, Hitler personally presented the Golden Party Badge and party membership to those ministers not already enrolled. Eltz-Rübenach, a devout Roman Catholic who was concerned about the government's campaign against religion, declined the offer. He was told to submit his resignation.[153] and was replaced two days later.
  • The Trial of the Anti-Soviet Trotskyist Center ended, and 13 of the 17 defendants were sentenced to execution by firing squad.[154]
  • The Associated Press reported a total of 333 known deaths across eight U.S. states from the recent flooding. 225 of the deaths were in Kentucky.[155]
  • Born:
  • Died: Georgy Pyatakov, 46, Ukrainian Communist leader, was executed.

January 31, 1937 (Sunday)[edit]

References[edit]

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  99. ^ "French May Let Jews Settle on Island on Madagascar". Chicago Daily Tribune. January 17, 1937. p. 4.
  100. ^ "Prisoners Riot; Fire Buildings; Many Escape". Chicago Daily Tribune. January 18, 1937. p. 1.
  101. ^ "Russia Rejects Individual Curb on Help to Spain". Chicago Daily Tribune. January 18, 1937. p. 9.
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  111. ^ "Charles Hayden, Banker, Dies at 66". The New York Times. January 9, 1937. p. 17.
  112. ^ "History of the Hayden Planetarium | Hayden Planetarium | American Museum of Natural History". Archived from the original on 2006-03-06. Retrieved 2016-01-14.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
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  114. ^ "Mr. Eden's Statement". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). January 19, 1937. Retrieved September 9, 2015.
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  117. ^ "9-Year-Old Bride Plays With Dollas After Ceremony", The Richmond News Leader, January 30, 1937, p.5
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  119. ^ Jesse Blackadder, Casting Light Upon the Earliest Female Travellers to Antarctica (University of West Sydney, 2013) p.58
  120. ^ "Ex-Seaforth Officer Released". The Times. No. 47588. London. 1937-01-21. p. 6.
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  122. ^ "Cook's Night Out", BBC Programme Index
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  126. ^ "Record Flood Surges Down Ohio Valley". Chicago Daily Tribune. January 23, 1937. p. 1.
  127. ^ "Joseph Wambaugh, Grandmaster of Police Stories— Biography", JosephWambaugh.net
  128. ^ "Ryan Davies 1937 - 1977", website for Swansea's Grand
  129. ^ "Comic Ryan dies in U.S.", Liverpool Daily Post, April 23, 1977, p.1
  130. ^ "Japan Cabinet Resigns; Fight in Parliament". Chicago Daily Tribune. January 23, 1937. p. 13.
  131. ^ Vadim Z Rogovin, 1937: Stalin's Year of Terror (Mehring books 1998; ISBN 0-929087-77-1.) p. 113.
  132. ^ Avramovski, Živko (1969). "The Yugoslav-Bulgarian Perpetual Friendship Pact of 24 January 1937". Canadian Slavonic Papers. 11 (3 (Fall)): 315. doi:10.1080/00085006.1969.11091166.
  133. ^ Hartmut Gagelmann, Nicolae Bretan: His Life, His Music, translated by Beaumont Glass (Pendragon Press, 2000)p.114
  134. ^ "Rep. A. J. Montague Passes Away At Home At Urbanna; Former Governor and Has Served in Congress Since April 5, 1913", AP report in Roanoke (VA) Times, January 25, 1937, p.1
  135. ^ "Radio Around The Clock", AP report in The Daily American, (Somerset PA) p.3
  136. ^ a b [https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/guiding-light-signs-off/2/ ""Guiding Light" Signs Off", CBS News, September 3, 2009
  137. ^ "World's longest running soap ends". BBC. 19 September 2009. Retrieved 20 May 2015.
  138. ^ "23 Reported Dead As Bus Overturns In Florida Canal", AP report in Richmond (VA) News Leader, January 25, 1937, p.1
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  141. ^ "Playwright Found Dead in Apartment", INS report in The Salt Lake Tribune (Salt Lake City UT), January 26, 1937, p.14
  142. ^ "Japanese Army Balks Effort to Pick Cabinet". Chicago Daily Tribune. January 27, 1937. p. 8.
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  145. ^ "Film Stars Top Their Bosses in 1935 Salaries". Chicago Daily Tribune. January 28, 1937. p. 1.
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  147. ^ "Morenz Breaks Leg as Canadiens Rush Unbeaten Streak to Six Games". Montreal Star. January 29, 1937. p. 25.
  148. ^ "Sudden Death of Howie Morenz Shocks Sports World; Career of Famous Centre player Ended by Heart Attack". Ottawa Journal. March 9, 1937. p. 19.
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  154. ^ "13 Must Die for Russian Pilot; Radek Spared". Chicago Daily Tribune. January 30, 1937. p. 1.
  155. ^ "Flood by States and Cities". Chicago Daily Tribune. January 30, 1937. p. 12.
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