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Homeless Jesus

Coordinates: 43°39′50″N 79°23′24″W / 43.66393°N 79.3899°W / 43.66393; -79.3899
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(Redirected from Jesus the Homeless)
For the itinerancy and voluntary poverty that Jesus experienced, see Homelessness of Jesus.

Homeless Jesus
The statue at Regis College
ArtistTimothy Schmalz
Year2013 (2013)
TypeSculpture
MediumBronze
SubjectJesus
Dimensions91 cm × 61 cm × 213 cm (36 in × 24 in × 84 in)
LocationToronto, Ontario, Canada[note 1]
Coordinates43°39′50″N 79°23′24″W / 43.66393°N 79.3899°W / 43.66393; -79.3899
OwnerRegis College[1]

Homeless Jesus, also known as Jesus the Homeless (French: Jésus le sans-abri), is a bronze sculpture by Timothy Schmalz depicting Jesus as a homeless person, sleeping on a park bench. The original sculpture was installed in 2013 at Regis College, a theological college federated with the University of Toronto. Other copies of the statue were installed in several other locations beginning in 2014. As of 2017, over 50 copies were created and placed around the world.

Description

[edit]

The statue depicts Jesus as a homeless person, sleeping on a park bench. His face and hands are obscured, hidden under a blanket, but Crucifixion wounds on his feet reveal his identity.[2] The statue has been described as a "visual translation" of the Gospel of Matthew passage in which Jesus tells his disciples, "as you did it to one of the least of my brothers, you did it to me".[2] The bronze sculpture was intended to be provocative, with its sculptor, Timothy Schmalz commenting, "That's essentially what the sculpture is there to do. It's meant to challenge people."[2]

The dimensions of the statue is 91 by 61 by 61 centimetres (36 by 24 by 24 in), providing enough room for someone to sit on the bench.[3]

History

[edit]

Homeless Jesus was designed by Schmalz, a Canadian sculptor and devout Catholic.[2] Schmalz was inspired to create the statue after seeing a homeless person sleeping on a park bench in Toronto in 2012.[4]

Schmalz visited Pope Francis in Vatican City in November 2013 to present a miniature version of his statue. He recalled the Pope's reaction, "He walked over to the sculpture, and it was just chilling because he touched the knee of the Jesus the Homeless sculpture, and closed his eyes and prayed. It was like, that's what he's doing throughout the whole world: Pope Francis is reaching out to the marginalized."[2]

He offered the first cast to St. Michael's Cathedral in Toronto and St. Patrick's Cathedral in New York, but both churches declined. One spokesperson for St. Michael's said the church declined because appreciation "was not unanimous" and it was undergoing restoration. Similarly, a spokesperson for St. Patrick's complimented the work but declined to purchase the cast due to ongoing renovations.[2] The Archdiocese of Toronto tried to locate alternative locations for Schmalz, including St. Augustine's Seminary in Scarborough, but the location was rejected by Schmalz, who desired a location that would provide the sculpture with a wider public reach.[5] Regis College, a Jesuit school of theology federated with the University of Toronto, acquired the first cast in 2013 and installed it outside its main entrance.[5][1] The acquisition was provided through a donation from Peter Benninger.[1][5]

Installations in other locations followed. The first location in the United States was located at St. Alban's Episcopal Church in Davidson, North Carolina.[2] It was purchased for $22,000 and displayed as a memorial to parishioner Kate McIntyre, who had an affinity for public art.[2] According to the Rev. David Buck, rector of St. Alban's, "It gives authenticity to our church. This is a relatively affluent church, to be honest, and we need to be reminded ourselves that our faith expresses itself in active concern for the marginalized of society".[2] Buck welcomed discussion about the sculpture and considers it a "Bible lesson for those used to seeing Jesus depicted in traditional religious art as the Christ of glory, enthroned in finery."[2] Furthermore, he said in an interview with NPR, "We believe that that's the kind of life Jesus had. He was, in essence, a homeless person."[2]

A painting of a homeless Jesus by Peter Howson was unveiled alongside a cast of Homeless Jesus in Nelson Mandela Place, Glasgow, in December 2017.[6]

A lightweight version of Homeless Jesus, made out of wood and fibreglass, was crafted by Schmalz at the request of the Archdiocese of Baltimore in 2017.[7] The lightweight statue was exhibited in several schools, parishes and institutions around Baltimore before it was returned to Schmalz in 2018.[4]

Reception

[edit]

Critical reception

[edit]

Lennie Bennett, an art critic for the Tampa Bay Times noted that the statue was "technically well done", although also remarked that the design is "nothing new or interesting aesthetically". However, Bennett acknowledged Schmalz intended for the statue to be a social statement.[8]

Public reaction

[edit]
Crucifixion wounds are visible on the statue.

Reception of the statue has been mixed. NPR said, "The reaction [to the cast in Davidson, North Carolina] was immediate. Some loved it; some didn't."[2] Some Davidson residents felt it was an "insulting depiction" of Jesus that "demeaned" the neighbourhood.[2] Another neighbour wrote a letter, saying it "[creeped] him out".[2] However, according to Buck, residents are often seen sitting on the bench alongside the statue, resting their hands on Jesus and praying.[2]

A proposal to install a cast at the Methodist Central Hall was rejected by Westminster City Council in 2016, who voiced concerns the statue would not maintain or improve the character or appearance of the Parliament Square Conservation Area.[9]

A statue of Homeless Jesus from afar. The statue is occasionally mistaken for a real person on a bench.

The statue's design has occasionally resulted in people mistaking the figure for a real person. When the statue was installed in Davidson, North Carolina, one resident reported they called the police the first time she saw it, mistaking the statue for a real homeless person.[2] After a statue was installed in Hamilton, Ontario, emergency services received several calls during cold and snowy nights from passersby who mistook the statue for a living human.[10] Similar instances of concerned individuals who mistook a Homeless Jesus statue for a homeless person also took place in Minneapolis and Fargo, North Dakota.[11][12] In October 2020, a Bay Village, Ohio resident mistook a statue installed in the area 20 minutes earlier for a sleeping homeless person and called the police, garnering national attention for highlighting people's privilege and indifference towards homelessness.[13]

Copies

[edit]

In addition to the original sculpture installed at Regis College in Toronto,[14] a number of copies were on installed in other locations around the world. As of 2017, over 50 copies were created by Schmalz.[15] The price of statues made between 2014 and 2018 varied, ranging from US$22,000 to $40,000.[16] It typically takes Schmalz three months to form and cast the work into bronze.[7]

The following list shows some places where copies of the sculpture have been installed permanently.

Americas

[edit]
Image Location City Country Year installed Notes Ref.
Central Presbyterian Church Austin United States 2015 Located outside on the premises of the church. [17]
St. Vincent de Paul Church Baltimore United States 2018 Located outside on the premises of the church. [16]
Monserrate Sanctuary Bogotá Colombia 2021 Located outside on the premises of the sanctuary. [18]
Buenos Aires Metropolitan Cathedral Buenos Aires Argentina 2019 Located inside the cathedral. [19]
St. Paul's Cathedral Buffalo, New York United States 2015 Located outdoors on the premises of the cathedral. [20]
St. Clement's Roman Catholic Church Cambridge, Ontario Canada 2016 Located outdoors on the premises of the church. [21]
United Methodist Church Charleston, West Virginia United States 2014 Located outdoors on the premises of the church. The eighth cast of the statue installed in the world. [22]
Catholic Charities of the Archdiocese of Chicago Chicago United States 2014 Located outdoors. [23]
Calvary Episcopal Church Cincinnati United States 2015 Located outdoors on the premises of the church. [24]
Saint Malachi Parish Cleveland United States 2021 Located outdoors on the premises of the church. The cast is owned by the Community West Foundation and was previously loaned out and exhibited at St. Barnabas Episcopal Church in Bay Village, Ohio in 2016. [25][26]
Missouri United Methodist Church Columbia, Missouri United States 2022 Located outdoors on the premises of the church. [27]
St. Ann Catholic Parish Coppell, Texas United States 2016 Located outdoors on the premises of the church. [28]
Catholic Charities Dallas Central Service Center Dallas United States Located outdoors. [29]
St. Alban's Episcopal Church Davidson, North Carolina United States 2014 Located outdoors on the premises of the church. The first statue installed in the United States. [30]
Father Woody's Haven of Hope Denver United States 2017 Located outdoors on the premises of the shelter [31]
Saints Peter and Paul Jesuit Catholic Church Detroit United States 2015 Located outdoors on the premises of the church. An anonymous alumnus of the University of Detroit Mercy School of Law donated funds for the statue at the church. [32][33]
First Lutheran Church Fargo, North Dakota United States 2016 Located outdoors on the premises of the church. [11]
Saint Patrick's Roman Catholic Church Hamilton, Ontario Canada 2015 Located outdoors on the premises of the church. [34]
Roberts Park Methodist Episcopal Church Indianapolis United States 2015 Located outdoors on the premises of the church. [35]
King's University College London, Ontario Canada 2019 Located outside on the institution's campus next to Cardinal Carter Library [36]
Jesuit Retreat Center of Los Altos Los Altos, California United States 2018 Located outdoors in the center's gardens. [37]
St. James Catholic Church Louisville, Kentucky United States 2018 Located outdoors on the premises of the church. [38]
Mexico City Metropolitan Cathedral Mexico City Mexico 2020 Located outdoors on the premises of the cathedral. [39]
Basilica of Saint Mary Minneapolis United States 2017 Located outdoors on the premises of the basilica. [40]
The City of St. Jude Parish Montgomery, Alabama United States Located outdoors on the premises of the City of St. Jude Interpretive Center. [41]
St. James United Church Montreal Canada 2019 Located outdoors on the premises of the church. [42]
Cathedral of St. John the Divine New York City United States 2017 Located outdoors on the premises of the cathedral. [43]
Catholic Charities of the Archdiocese of Oklahoma City Oklahoma City United States 2016 Located outdoors. [44]
Christ Church Cathedral Ottawa Canada 2018 Located outdoors on the premises of the cathedral. [45]
Saint John's Hospice Philadelphia United States 2017 Located outdoors on the premises of the hospice. [46]
University of Nevada, Reno Reno, Nevada United States 2019 Located outside on the university's campus next to Our Lady of Wisdom Newman Center. [47]
Rio de Janeiro Cathedral Rio de Janeiro Brazil 2018 Located outdoors on the premises of the cathedral. [48]
St. Mary's Catholic Church San Antonio United States [49]
Church and Convent of los Dominicos Santo Domingo Dominican Republic 2017 Located outdoors on the premises of the church. [50]
St. Luke's Catholic Church Schenectady United States 2018 Located outdoors on the premises of the church. [51]
The Josephinum (Catholic Housing Services in Western Washington) Seattle United States 2017 Located outdoors on the premises of the building. [15]
Church of the Palms United Church Sun City, Arizona United States 2023 Located outdoors on the premises of the church. [52]
Hyde Park United Methodist Church Tampa United States 2016 Located outdoors on the premises of the church [8]
Trinity Episcopal Church Toledo, Ohio United States 2019 Located outdoors on the premises of the church. [19]
Valparaiso University Valparaiso, Indiana United States 2015 Located outside on the university's campus next to Harre Union [53]
Holy Rosary Cathedral Vancouver Canada 2017 Located outdoors on the premises of the cathedral. [54]
Epiphany Cathedral Venice, Florida United States 2020 Located outdoors on the premises of the cathedral. [55]
Catholic Charities DC Washington, D.C. United States 2015 Located outdoors at the front of the building. [56]

Asia and Oceania

[edit]
Image Location City Country Year installed Notes Ref.
St. Peter's Church Capernaum Israel 2017 Located outdoors on the premises of the church. [50]
Manila Cathedral Manila Philippines 2022 Located outdoors on the premises of the church. [57][58]
Newman College Melbourne Australia 2019 Located outdoors at the entrance of the college. [59]
Seosomun Historical Park Seoul South Korea [60]
Cathedral of the Good Shepherd Singapore Singapore 2016 Located outdoors on the premises of the church. [61]
St James' Church Sydney Australia 2018 Located outdoors on the premises of the church. [62]
Sacred Heart Cathedral Townsville Australia 2018 Located outdoors on the premises of the cathedral. [63]

Europe

[edit]
Image Location City Country Year installed Notes Ref.
Mozes en Aäronkerk Amsterdam Netherlands 2022 Located outdoors on the premises of the church. [64]
Community of Sant'Egidio offices Antwerp Belgium Located outdoors. [3]
Santa Anna de Barcelona Barcelona Spain 2015 Located outdoors on the premises of the church. [50]
Centenary House & Calder Fountain Lifehouse (Salvation Army) Belfast United Kingdom Located outdoors. [65]
Holy Magdalena Church Bruges Belgium Located outdoors on the premises of the church. [3]
Christ Church Cathedral Dublin Ireland 2015 Located outdoors on the premises of the cathedral. The Dublin sculpture was the first erected outside of North America. [66]
Badia Fiorentina Florence Italy 2019 [67]
St George's Tron Church Glasgow United Kingdom 2017 Located outdoors on the premises of the church. [68][69]
Church of Our Lady and Saint Nicholas Liverpool United Kingdom 2019 Located outdoors on the premises of the church. [70][71]
Church of the Immaculate Conception, Farm Street London United Kingdom 2018 Located inside the church. [72]
Almudena Cathedral Madrid Spain 2016 Located outdoors on the premises of the cathedral. [73]
St Ann's Church Manchester United Kingdom 2018 Located outdoors on the premises of the church. [74]
St. Boniface's Abbey Munich Germany 2022 Located outdoors on the premises of the abbey. [75]
Community of Sant'Egidio headquarters Rome Italy 2018 Located outside. [3][76][77]
Dicastery for the Service of Charity offices Vatican City Vatican City 2016 Located outside at the entrance of the office. Temporarily relocated to Sant'Egidio Courtyard for Holy Week in 2016.[78] [79][80]
Capuchin monastery Warsaw Poland 2021 Located outdoors [81]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Copies of the statue have also been installed in several other cities.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c "'Homeless Jesus' sculpture finds home outside Rio de Janeiro's cathedral". regiscollege.ca. 23 November 2018. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Burnett, John (13 April 2014). "Statue of a Homeless Jesus Startles a Wealthy Community". NPR. Retrieved 13 April 2014.
  3. ^ a b c d "Homeless Jesus". www.sculpturebytps.com. Sculpture By Timothy P. Schmalz. 2020. Retrieved 7 November 2023.
  4. ^ a b Pitts, Jonathan (28 February 2017). "'Homeless Jesus' finds its place in Baltimore". www.baltimoresun.com. Retrieved 9 November 2023.
  5. ^ a b c Scrivener, Leslie (13 April 2013). "Sculpture of Jesus the Homeless rejected by two prominent churches". www.thestar.com. Toronto Star Newspaper. Retrieved 9 November 2013.
  6. ^ "Homeless Jesus statue installed in Glasgow city centre". BBC Scotland. 7 December 2017.
  7. ^ a b Hawley, Catherine (1 March 2017). "New sculpture in Charm City meant to be a reminder of the needs of the homeless in the area". Wmar 2 News Baltimore. Scripps Media. Retrieved 9 November 2023.
  8. ^ a b Bennett, Lennie (31 March 2016). "Emotionally charged 'Homeless Jesus' sculpture in Tampa a social statement". www.tampabay.com. Times Publishing Company. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
  9. ^ Mark Woods (23 March 2016). "Westminster Council rejects church's bid for 'Homeless Jesus' statue | Christian News on Christian Today". Christiantoday.com. Retrieved 6 May 2017.
  10. ^ "Homeless Jesus statue being mistaken for real person in Hamilton". www.cbc.ca. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. 21 January 2023. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
  11. ^ a b Nelson, Ethan (6 July 2016). "'Homeless Jesus' statue in Fargo prompts 911 calls from worried passers-by". www.grandforksherald.com. Grand Forks Herald. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
  12. ^ Ockerman, Emma (16 October 2023). "A Short History of People Calling the Cops on a Statue of 'Homeless Jesus'". www.vice.com. Vice Media Group. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
  13. ^ Atassi, Leila (23 October 2020). "'Homeless Jesus' proves his point in Bay Village, when call to police goes viral: Leila Atassi". cleveland.com. Retrieved 5 February 2022.
  14. ^ Sufrin, Jon (4 June 2015). "'Homeless Jesus' sculptor Timothy Schmalz on controversy and compassion". CBC. Retrieved 10 April 2024.
  15. ^ a b Gilmore, Susan (24 August 2017). "Seattle's 'Homeless Jesus' sculpture is reminder to care for the marginalized". nwcatholic.org. Northwest Catholic. Retrieved 30 May 2023.
  16. ^ a b Gunts, Ed (17 July 2018). "'Homeless Jesus' sculpture installed outside St. Vincent de Paul of Baltimore". baltimorefishbowl.com. Baltimore Fishbowl. Retrieved 9 November 2023.
  17. ^ Curington, Jennifer (19 February 2015). "'Homeless Jesus' finds home in downtown Austin". communityimpact.com. Community Impact Newspaper. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
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  19. ^ a b Gorny, Nicki (19 October 2019). "'Homeless Jesus' statue installed in Toledo". www.toledoblade.com. Toledo Blade. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
  20. ^ "'Homeless Jesus': Thought-provoking? Or controversial?". www.wbfo.org. Western New York Public Broadcasting Association. 31 March 2015. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
  21. ^ "Communications". www.stclementsparish.ca. St. Clement's Parish. 2022. Retrieved 7 November 2023.
  22. ^ Gutman, David (23 November 2014). "'Homeless Jesus' statue installed in downtown Charleston". Charleston Gazette-Mail. Archived from the original on 14 February 2017. Retrieved 10 September 2016.
  23. ^ Cox, Ted (28 April 2014). "'Jesus the Homeless' Statue Installed at Catholic Charities". www.dnainfo.com. DNAinfo. Archived from the original on 8 November 2023. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
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  25. ^ Nyorkor, Sia; Williams, Avery (26 December 2021). "This nearly completed art collection will only be found in Cleveland and Italy (photos)". www.cleveland19.com. Gray Media Group. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
  26. ^ "Homeless Jesus". www.stbarnabasbv.org. St. Barnabas Episcopal Church. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
  27. ^ Jamieson, Emmet (26 June 2022). "Missouri United Methodist Church unveils 'Homeless Jesus' sculpture". www.columbiamissourian.com. The Columbia Missourian. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
  28. ^ Burkepile, Jacqueline (14 May 2016). "Coppell parish unveils 'Homeless Jesus' sculpture". www.texascatholic.com. The Texas Publishing Company. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
  29. ^ "The Story Behind Homeless Jesus". Catholic Charities Dallas. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
  30. ^ Burnett, John (13 April 2014). "Statue Of A Homeless Jesus Startles A Wealthy Community". www.npr.org. National Public Radio. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
  31. ^ Powell, Erin (17 May 2017). "Denver adds one to its homeless population: 'Homeless Jesus'". www.9news.com. KUSA-TV. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
  32. ^ Montemurri, Patricia. "'Homeless Jesus' sculpture gets downtown home June 28". Freep.com. Detroit Free Press. Retrieved 8 June 2015.
  33. ^ Montemurri, Patricia (5 April 2015). "Is there a home for 'Homeless Jesus' statue in Detroit?". Freep.com. Detroit Free Press. Retrieved 8 June 2015.
  34. ^ "About". www.stpatrickshamilton.ca. St. Patrick's Parish. Retrieved 7 November 2023.
  35. ^ Chen, Wei-Huan; Dorantes, Jorge (28 November 2015). "Controversial $40,000 'Homeless Jesus' invites debate". www.indystar.com. The Indianapolis Star. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
  36. ^ "Homeless Jesus to be gathering place for Sunday's observance of World Day of the Poor". lfpress.com. Postmedia Network. 16 November 2019. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
  37. ^ "Bishop blesses 'Homeless Jesus' sculpture at Jesuit Retreat Center gardens in LA". www.losaltosonline.com. Los Altos Town Crier. 24 October 2018. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
  38. ^ Thomas, Ruby (20 September 2018). "St. James unveils 'Homeless Jesus'". therecordnewspaper.org. Archdiocese of Louisville. Retrieved 24 March 2023.
  39. ^ Schiffer, Kathy (11 January 2020). "A Modern-Day Michelangelo: Canadian Sculptor Presents the Gospel in Bronze". www.ncregister.com. EWTN News.
  40. ^ "Homeless Jesus". mary.org. The Basilica of Saint Mary. 2023. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
  41. ^ "City of St. Jude Interpretive Center". www.cityofstjude.org. 2024. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
  42. ^ Curtis, Christopher (17 November 2019). "Unveiling of Homeless Jesus statue draws attention to city's vulnerable". montrealgazette.com. Postmedia Network. Retrieved 3 December 2019.
  43. ^ "Unveiling of Homeless Jesus by Timothy P. Schmalz". www.stjohndivine.org. The Cathedral Church of Saint John the Divine. 2023. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
  44. ^ Hinton, Carla (14 May 2016). "Home for 'homeless' statue: New sculpture at Catholic Charities of Oklahoma City takes place of one sent to Pope Francis". www.oklahoman.com. The Oklahoman. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
  45. ^ Abma, Sandra (10 October 2018). "'Homeless Jesus' statue attracts double takes, compassion". www.cbc.ca. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 7 November 2023.
  46. ^ Christian, Gina (22 November 2019). "Homeless ministry marks third annual World Day of the Poor". catholicphilly.com. Catholic Philly. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
  47. ^ Belleza, Mary Jane (14 November 2019). "'Homeless Jesus' statue raises awareness of homelessness". www.kolotv.com. Gray Media Group. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
  48. ^ "Sculpture donated by Pope Francis unveiled in Rio de Janeiro". www.wionews.com. WION. 19 November 2018. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
  49. ^ De Leon, Dan (15 July 2017). "Homeless Jesus statue serves as important reminder". theeagle.com. The Eagle. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
  50. ^ a b c "About". www.sculpturebytps.com. Sculpture By Timothy P. Schmalz. 2020. Retrieved 7 November 2023.
  51. ^ Wilkin, Jeff (8 January 2018). "Story behind 'Homeless Jesus' sculpture in Schenectady". www.dailygazette.com. Daily Gazette. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
  52. ^ ""Homeless Jesus" religious public art dedication at Church of the Palms". www.swcucc.org. Southwest Conference United Church of Christ. 29 September 2023. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
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  54. ^ Walter, Chandler (18 August 2017). "'Homeless Jesus' sculpture can be found at Holy Rosary Cathedral in Vancouver". dailyhive.com. Zoomer Media. Retrieved 7 November 2023.
  55. ^ Diocese Of Venice (8 December 2018). "'Homeless Jesus' statue blessed at Cathedral". www.yoursun.com. Sun Newspapers.
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  57. ^ Macairan, Evelyn (11 April 2022). "Advincula unveils 'Homeless Jesus' at Manila Cathedral". www.philstar.com. PhilStar Daily. Retrieved 7 November 2023.
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  60. ^ Kim, Yoo-chul (18 February 2020). "서소문역사공원과 노숙자예수". www.catholicworker.kr (in Korean). Catholic Worker. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
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  64. ^ "A statue of the Homeless Jesus has been placed outside the Church of Moses and Aron, the place of prayer of the Community, in Amsterdam". www.santegidio.org. Comunità di Sant’Egidio. 14 November 2022. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
  65. ^ "Belfast City Council to consider 'Homeless Jesus' statue". www.bbc.com. British Broadcasting Corporation. 8 May 2018. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
  66. ^ Hilliard, Mark. "Homeless Jesus at Christ Church set to provoke reflection", The Irish Times, 1 May 2015. Retrieved on 2 May 2015.
  67. ^ "Il "Gesù senza tetto" di Timothy Schmalz alla Badia Fiorentina". met.provincia.fi.it (in Italian). Metropolitan City of Florence. 8 January 2019. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
  68. ^ "Homeless Jesus statue arrives in city". www.bbc.com. British Broadcasting Corporation. 7 December 2017. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
  69. ^ Smillie, Liam (25 January 2023). "The story behind Glasgow's controversial 'Homeless Jesus' statue on Nelson Mandela Square". www.glasgowworld.com. National World Publishing. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
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  71. ^ Throp, Liam (4 April 2019). "Homeless man who died in tent was 'compassionate' dad, who loved his kids more than anything". www.liverpoolecho.co.uk. Reach plc. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
  72. ^ de Guise, Lucien (30 April 2018). ""Homeless Jesus" finds a home in affluent Mayfair, London". aleteia.org. Aleteia. Retrieved 8 November 2018.
  73. ^ "Jesús sin techo, nueva y conmovedora imagen en La Almudena" (in Spanish). Alfa & Omega. 29 May 2016. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
  74. ^ Britton, Paul (24 April 2018). "Why a sculpture of a homeless Jesus has appeared in St Ann's Square". www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk. M.E.N Media. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
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  81. ^ "Homeless Jesus Appears". warsawinsider.pl. Agencja reklamowa Valkea Media. 18 June 2021. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
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