Lake Shore Limited (New York Central Railroad train)

Sample consist
September 1954 Official Guide of the Railways
Train	Westbound
	Lounge sleeper (New York—Chicago); 10-6 sleeper (New York—Chicago; carried through to San Francisco, California on the California Zephyr); 14 section sleeper (New York—Chicago); 10-6 sleeper (New York—Chicago); 10-6 sleeper (New York—Toledo, Ohio); 22 roomette sleeper (Boston—Chicago; interchanged in Buffalo with the New England Wolverine); 17 roomette sleeper (Toronto—Cleveland; interchanged in Buffalo with The Ontarian); 10-6 sleeper (Charlottesville, Virginia—Chicago; interchanged in Toledo with the C&O's No. 47); Dining car; Coaches (New York—Chicago);

*Lake Shore Limited*
	The Lake Shore Limited depicted on a postcard.
Overview
Service type	Inter-city rail
Status	Discontinued
Locale	Northeastern United States
First service	1897
Last service	October 28, 1956
Former operator(s)	New York Central Railroad
Route
Termini	New York City and Boston; Chicago
Distance travelled	961.2 miles (1,546.9 km) (New York - Chicago)
Service frequency	Daily
Train number(s)	Westbound: 19; Eastbound: 22
Technical
Track gauge	4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm)

The Lake Shore Limited was a passenger train service operated by the New York Central Railroad between New York City and Chicago, Illinois, from 1897 to 1956. Separate sections linked to Boston and St. Louis. The Lake Shore Limited was the New York Central's first luxury passenger train, and paved the way for its more famous cousin the 20th Century Limited.^[1]^: 30 The 1897 name is now used by Amtrak's Lake Shore Limited, which follows much the same route.^[2]^: 22

History

The Lake Shore Limited's immediate predecessor was the Exposition Flyer (not to be confused with a train of the same name operated between Chicago & Oakland, California, between 1939 and 1949), which the New York Central operated between New York and Chicago during the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition, held in Chicago.^[1]^: 30

The Lake Shore Limited began on May 30, 1897, with an advertised 24-hour schedule from New York to Chicago. A Boston section which connected at Albany, New York had a 26-hour schedule.^[3]^: 74 The Lake Shore Limited's chief competitor was the Pennsylvania Railroad's Pennsylvania Limited, which began in 1887.^[4]^: 31–32 The Lake Shore Limited carried the train numbers 19 (westbound) and 22 (eastbound).^[5]^{: 224, 226}

The New York Central truncated the westbound Lake Shore Limited to Buffalo on July 15, 1956, and substituted the Great Lakes Aerotrain over the Chicago-Cleveland portion of the route. The eastbound Lake Shore Limited ended on October 28, 1956, as part of a system-wide reorganization.^[3]^: 79

Route and equipment used

The original Lake Shore Limited was the last New York Central train featuring Wagner Palace Car Company equipment before the latter's merger with the Pullman Car Company in 1899. The original consist was as follows: buffet/library/smoking car, parlor car, dining car, three sleepers and an observation lounge. Electric power came from a dynamo in the baggage car.^[1]^: 31–35

The westbound Lake Shore Limited originated at Grand Central Station in New York and traveled along the Hudson River to Albany, where it joined with a section from Boston. From there it traveled west to Rochester, New York, then southwest to Buffalo, New York. From Buffalo it ran over the tracks of the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railway (LS&MS) through Cleveland, Ohio, to Chicago's LaSalle Street Station. Another section separated at Cleveland and ran over the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago and St. Louis Railway to Cincinnati, Ohio, and St. Louis, Missouri.^[5]^{: 224–225}

1940 crash

On April 19, 1940 the westbound Lake Shore Limited derailed due to excessive speed on a curve killing 31 and injuring nearly 140. The train had left Albany 21 minutes behind schedule and the engineer was trying to make up time.^[7]

Legacy

Before the coming of the 20th Century Limited, the Lake Shore Limited was the New York Central's premier long-distance train.^[8]^: 266 Amtrak now operates the Lake Shore Limited between Chicago and New York, with a Boston section, over the same route.^[2]^: 22 Amtrak's Lake Shore Limited operates a 20½-hour schedule to New York and a 23-hour schedule to Boston.^[9]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Zimmermann, Karl R. (2002). 20th Century Limited. Saint Paul, MN: MBI. ISBN 0760314225. OCLC 55042088.
^ ^a ^b Schafer, Mike; Welsh, Joe; Holland, Kevin J. (2001). The American Passenger Train. Saint Paul, MN: MBI. ISBN 0-7603-0896-9.
^ ^a ^b Sanders, Craig (2003). Limiteds, Locals, and Expresses in Indiana, 1838–1971. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-34216-4.
^ Welsh, Joe; Bill Howes (2004). Travel by Pullman: a century of service. Saint Paul, MN: MBI. ISBN 0760318573. OCLC 56634363.
^ ^a ^b Official Guide of the Railways. New York: National Railway Publication Co. January 1908. OCLC 6340864.
^ New York Central Railroad (September 1954). "Pullman, Coach and Dining Car Service". Retrieved 2009-12-13.
^ Grohdahl, Paul (May 14, 2015). "Haunting echoes of horrific 1940 Little Falls train wreck". Albany Times Union.
^ Adams, Arthur G. (1996). The Hudson through the years. Fordham University Press. ISBN 0-8232-1677-2. OCLC 44961690.
^ Amtrak (October 26, 2009). "Lake Shore Limited" (PDF). Retrieved 2009-12-13.

[zimmermann-1] Zimmermann, Karl R. (2002). 20th Century Limited. Saint Paul, MN: MBI. ISBN 0760314225. OCLC 55042088.

[schafer-2] Schafer, Mike; Welsh, Joe; Holland, Kevin J. (2001). The American Passenger Train. Saint Paul, MN: MBI. ISBN 0-7603-0896-9.

[sanders-3] Sanders, Craig (2003). Limiteds, Locals, and Expresses in Indiana, 1838–1971. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-34216-4.

[welsh-4] Welsh, Joe; Bill Howes (2004). Travel by Pullman: a century of service. Saint Paul, MN: MBI. ISBN 0760318573. OCLC 56634363.

[og190801-5] Official Guide of the Railways. New York: National Railway Publication Co. January 1908. OCLC 6340864.

[6] New York Central Railroad (September 1954). "Pullman, Coach and Dining Car Service". Retrieved 2009-12-13.

[7] Grohdahl, Paul (May 14, 2015). "Haunting echoes of horrific 1940 Little Falls train wreck". Albany Times Union.

[adams-8] Adams, Arthur G. (1996). The Hudson through the years. Fordham University Press. ISBN 0-8232-1677-2. OCLC 44961690.

[9] Amtrak (October 26, 2009). "Lake Shore Limited" (PDF). Retrieved 2009-12-13.

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