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List of rulers of Islamic Egypt

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Governors of Arab Egypt (640–1250) and Mamluk Egypt (1250–1517). For other periods, see the list of rulers of Egypt.

Rashidun Caliphate (640–661)

[edit]
Further information: Rashidun Caliphate
# Governor (Amir) Start End Period Caliph Fate
1 Amr ibn al-As No picture available 640 646 6 years Umar and Uthman 'Conquer of Egypt', Secluded by Uthman Ibn Affan
2 Abdallah ibn Sa'ad No picture available 646 656 10 years Uthman Overthrown by Muhammad ibn Abi Hudhayfa
3 Muhammad ibn Abi Hudhayfa No picture available 656 657 1 year Uthman and Ali Killed
4 Qays ibn Sa'd No picture available 657 657 6 months Ali Secluded
5 Malik al-Ashtar No picture available 657 657 1 day Died before reaching Al-Fustat
6 Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr No picture available 658 658 5 months Killed
- Amr ibn al-As No picture available July 658 January 664 6 years None (see First Fitna) He seized the control of Egypt after the death of incumbent Caliphal governor Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr during First Fitna, Died in office

Umayyad Caliphate (661–750)

[edit]
Further information: Umayyad Caliphate

Dates taken from John Stewart's African States and Rulers (2005).[1]

# Governor (Wali) Start End Caliph Comments
1 Amr ibn al-As 661 January 664 Mu'awiya-Amr's arrangement As per his agreement with Mu'awiya, Amr was installed as governor of Egypt for life and ruled as a virtual partner rather than a subordinate of Mu'awiya, who had become caliph after Ali's assassination and his son al-Hasan's abdication in 661.[2][3] Died in office
2 Abd Allah ibn Amr January 664 February 664 Muawiya I Resign
3 Utba ibn Abi Sufyan February 664 665 Brother of Mu'awiya I. Died
4 Uqba ibn Amir 665 20 May 667 Muleteer of Muhammad. Unseated
5 Maslama ibn Mukhallad al-Ansari 20 May 667 9 April 682 Muawiya I
Yazid I 		Leading Umayyad partisan in Egypt. Died in office
6 Muhammad ibn Maslama[1] 9 April 682 14 May 682 Yazid I -
7 Sa'id ibn Yazid ibn Alqama al-Azdi 14 May 682 April 684 Yazid I
Muawiya II 		Unseated
8 Abd al-Rahman ibn Utba al-Fihri April 684 11 February 685 Muawiya II
Abd al-Malik 		Appointed by Ibn al-Zubayr
9 Abd al-Aziz ibn Marwan ibn al-Hakam 11 February 685 1 July 703 Abd al-Malik Died in office
10 Abdallah ibn Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan ibn al-Hakam 1 July 703 30 January 709 Abd al-Malik
Al-Walid I 		Unseated
11 Qurra ibn Sharik al-Absi 30 January 709 14 November 714 Al-Walid I Died in office
12 Abd al-Malik ibn Rifa'a al-Fahmi 14 November 714 November 717 Al-Walid I
Sulayman
Umar II 		Unseated
13 Ayyub ibn Sharhabil November 717 1 April 720 Umar II
Yazid II 		-
14 Bishr ibn Safwan al-Kalbi 1 April 720 May 721 Yazid II Became the governor of Ifriqiya
15 Handhala ibn Safwan al-Kalbi May 721 724 Yazid II
Hisham 		Unseated
16 Muhammad ibn Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan 724 2 May 724 Hisham Resigned after witnessing an epidemic
17 Al-Hurr ibn Yusuf 2 May 724 27 April 727 Unseated. Egypt under the de facto rule of Ubayd Allah ibn al-Habhab.
18 Hafs ibn al-Walid ibn Yusuf al-Hadrami 27 April 727 16 May 727 Unseated. Egypt under the de facto rule of Ubayd Allah ibn al-Habhab.
- Abd al-Malik ibn Rifa'a al-Fahmi
(Second Term) 		16 May 727 30 May 727 Died in office. Egypt under the de facto rule of Ubayd Allah ibn al-Habhab.
19 Al-Walid ibn Rifa'a al-Fahmi 30 May 727 July 735 Died in office. Egypt under the de facto rule of Ubayd Allah ibn al-Habhab.
20 Abd al-Rahman ibn Khalid al-Fahmi July 735 12 January 737 Unseated
- Handhala ibn Safwan al-Kalbi
(Second Term) 		12 January 737 2 July 742 Became the Wali of Africa
21 Hafs ibn al-Walid ibn Yusuf al-Hadrami 2 July 742 21 March 745 Hisham
Al-Walid II
Yazid III
Ibrahim
Marwan II 		Resigned
22 Hassan ibn Atahiya 21 March 745 7 April 745 Marwan II Ran away after opposition by the Hafsiya
- Hafs ibn al-Walid ibn Yusuf al-Hadrami
(Second Term) 		7 April 745 4 October 745 Installed by the Hafsiya, surrendered to his successor without a fight
23 al-Hawthala ibn Suhayl al-Bahili 4 October 745 19 March 749 Unseated
24 Al-Mughira ibn Ubaydallah al-Fazari 19 March 749 March 750 Died
25 Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan ibn Musa ibn Nusayr March 750 9 August 750 Unseated by the Abbasids

Abbasid Caliphate (750–969)

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Further information: Abbasid Caliphate

Governors during the first Abbasid period (750–868)

[edit]

Dates taken from John Stewart's African States and Rulers (2005).[4]

# Governor (Wali except where noted) Start End Caliph Fate
1 Salih ibn Ali ibn Abdallah ibn al-Abbas 9 August 750 2 April 751 As-Saffah Became the wali of Palestine
2 Abu Awn Abd al-Malik ibn Yazid 2 April 751 27 October 753 Ran away after an epidemic
- Salih ibn Ali ibn Abdallah ibn al-Abbas
(Second Term) 		27 October 753 21 February 755 As-Saffah
Al-Mansur 		Unseated
- Abu Awn Abd al-Malik ibn Yazid
(Second Term) 		21 February 755 26 August 758 Al-Mansur
Al-Mahdi 		Unseated
3 Musa ibn Ka'b al-Tamimi 26 August 758 28 April 759 Al-Mahdi Died
4 Muhammad ibn al-Ash'ath al-Khuza'i 28 April 759 18 December 760 Unseated
5 Humayd ibn Qahtaba 18 December 760 14 February 762 Unseated
6 Yazid ibn Hatim al-Muhallabi 14 February 762 30 April 769 Unseated
7 Abdallah ibn Abd al-Rahman ibn Mu'awiya ibn Hudayj al-Tujibi 30 April 769 February 772 Died
8 Muhammad ibn Abd al-Rahman ibn Mu'awiya ibn Hudayj al-Tujibi February 772 18 September 772 Died
9 Musa ibn Ali ibn Rabah al-Lakhmi 18 September 772 14 September 778 Unseated
10 Isa ibn Luqman al-Jumahi 14 September 778 18 March 779 Unseated
11 Wadih al-Maskin 18 March 779 1 June 779 Unseated
12 Mansur ibn Yazid ibn Mansur 1 June 779 August 779 Unseated
13 Yahya ibn Sa'id al-Harashi August 779 15 September 780 Unseated
14 Salim ibn Sawada al-Tamimi 15 September 780 6 September 781 Unseated
15 Ibrahim ibn Salih ibn Abdallah ibn al-Abbas 6 September 781 1 July 784 Unseated
16 Musa ibn Mus'ab al-Khath'ami 1 July 784 10 July 785 Killed
17 Asama ibn Amr 10 July 785 11 August 785 Al-Mahdi
Al-Hadi 		Unseated
18 al-Fadl ibn Salih ibn Ali al-Abbasi 11 August 785 April 786 Al-Hadi Unseated
19 Ali ibn Sulayman al-Abbasi April 786 15 September 787 Al-Hadi
Harun al-Rashid 		Unseated by the new Abbasid wali
20 Musa ibn Isa ibn Musa al-Abbasi 15 September 787 15 February 789 Harun al-Rashid Unseated
21 Maslama ibn Yahya al-Bajali 15 February 789 28 December 789 Unseated
22 Muhammad ibn Zuhayr al-Azdi 28 December 789 2 June 790 Unseated
23 Dawud ibn Yazid ibn Hatim al-Muhallabi 2 June 790 15 June 791 Unseated
- Musa ibn Isa ibn Musa al-Abbasi
(Second Term) 		15 June 791 June 792 Unseated
24 Ibrahim ibn Salih ibn Abdallah ibn al-Abbas June 792 1 January 793 Died
25 Abdallah ibn al-Musayyab ibn Zuhayr al-Dabbi 1 January 793 12 October 793 Unseated
26 Ishaq ibn Sulayman 12 October 793 1 November 794 Unseated
27 Harthama ibn A'yan 1 November 794 9 January 795 Became the wali of Ifriqiya
28 Abd al-Malik ibn Salih 9 January 795 27 March 796 Unseated
- Abdallah ibn al-Musayyab ibn Zuhayr al-Dabbi
(Second Term)
(Deputy to Abd al-Malik ibn Salih)[citation needed] 		795 795 -
29 Ubaydallah ibn al-Mahdi al-Abbasi 27 March 796 2 November 796 Unseated
- Musa ibn Isa ibn Musa al-Abbasi
(Third Term) 		2 November 796 17 August 797 Unseated
- Ubaydallah ibn al-Mahdi al-Abbasi
(Second Term) 		17 August 797 2 November 797 Unseated
30 Isma'il ibn Salih ibn Ali al-Abbasi 2 November 797 4 August 798 Unseated
31 Isma'il ibn Isa al-Abbasi 4 August 798 10 December 798 Unseated
32 Al-Layth ibn al-Fadl 10 December 798 21 June 803 Unseated
33 Ahmad ibn Ismail ibn Ali ibn Abdallah al-Abbasi 21 June 803 15 September 805 Unseated
34 Abdallah ibn Muhammad al-Abbasi 15 September 805 30 July 806 Unseated
35 Al-Husayn ibn Jamil 30 July 806 24 February 808 Unseated
36 Malik ibn Dalham al-Kalbi 24 February 808 25 December 808 Unseated
37 Al-Hasan ibn al-Takhtakh 25 December 808 11 July 810 Harun al-Rashid
Al-Amin 		Unseated
38 Hatim ibn Harthamah ibn A'yan 11 July 810 25 March 811 Al-Amin Unseated
39 Jabir ibn al-Ash'ath al-Ta'i 25 March 811 25 March 812 Beaten off from Egypt
40 Abbad ibn Muhammad ibn Hayyan 25 March 812 13 November 813 Al-Amin
Al-Ma'mun 		Unseated
41 Al-Muttalib ibn Abdallah al-Khuza'i 13 November 813 21 June 814 Al-Ma'mun Unseated
42 Al-Abbas ibn Musa ibn Isa al-Abbasi 21 June 814 4 September 814 -
- Al-Muttalib ibn Abdallah al-Khuza'i
(Second Term) 		4 September 814 3 April 815 Beaten off from Egypt
43 Al-Sari ibn al-Hakam 3 April 815 30 September 816 Soldiers revolted against him
44 Sulayman ibn Ghalib ibn Jibril al-Bajali 30 September 816 28 February 817 Soldiers revolted against him
- Al-Sari ibn al-Hakam
(Second Term) 		28 February 817 10 December 820 -
45 Abu Nasr ibn al-Sari 10 December 820 7 January 822 -
46 Khalid ibn Yazid ibn Mazyad 822[5] 822[5] -
47 Ubaydallah ibn al-Sari 822 17 April 826 Unseated by the new wali
48 Abdallah ibn Tahir al-Khurasani 17 April 826 December 828 Departed for Iraq
? unknown December 828 21 January 829 Acting governor
49 Isa ibn Yazid al-Juludi 21 January 829 27 January 829 Unseated
50 Umayr ibn al-Walid 27 January 829 28 April 829 Appointed by Abu Ishaq, killed in an anti-taxation rebellion
? unknown 28 April 829 June 829 Acting governor
- Isa ibn Yazid al-Juludi
(Second Term) 		June 829 830 Unseated
51 Abu Ishaq Muhammad ibn Hārūn
(future Abbasid caliph Al-Mu'tasim) 		830 28 February 830 -
52 Abdawayh ibn Jabalah 28 February 830 18 February 831 Unseated
53 Isa ibn Mansur al-Rafi'i 18 February 831 832 Unseated
54 Al-Ma'mun
(Caliph of the Abbasid Caliphate) 		832 March 832 -
55 Kaydar Nasr ibn Abdallah March 832 June 834 Al-Ma'mun
Al-Mu'tasim 		Died
56 Muzaffar ibn Kaydar June 834 9 September 834 Al-Mu'tasim Unseated
57 Musa ibn Abi al-Abbas 9 September 834 12 February 839 -
58 Malik ibn Kaydar 12 February 839 5 February 841 Unseated
59 Ali ibn Yahya al-Armani 5 February 841 6 October 843 Al-Mu'tasim
Al-Wathiq 		Unseated
60 Isa ibn Mansur al-Rafi'i 6 October 843 December 847 Al-Wathiq
Al-Mutawakkil 		Unseated
? unknown December 847 15 February 848 Al-Mutawakkil Acting governor
61 Harthamah ibn al-Nadr al-Jabali 15 February 848 3 April 849 Died
62 Hatim ibn Harthamah ibn al-Nadr 3 April 849 3 May 849 Unseated
- Ali ibn Yahya al-Armani
(Second Term) 		3 May 849 27 May 850 Unseated
63 Ishaq ibn Yahya ibn Mu'adh 27 May 850 27 May 851 Unseated
64 Khut Abd al-Wahid ibn Yahya 27 May 851 24 September 852 Unseated
65 Anbasah ibn Ishaq al-Dabbi 24 September 852 22 November 856 Unseated
66 Yazid ibn Abdallah al-Hulwani 22 November 856 13 March 867 Al-Mutawakkil
Al-Muntasir
Al-Musta'in
Al-Mu'tazz 		Unseated
67 Muzahim ibn Khaqan 13 March 867 7 April 868 Al-Mu'tazz Died
68 Ahmad ibn Muzahim ibn Khaqan 7 April 868 June 868 Died
69 Azjur al-Turki June 868 15 September 868 Unseated

Autonomous emirs of the Tulunid dynasty (868–905)

[edit]
Further information: Tulunid dynasty

Dates taken from John Stewart's African States and Rulers (2005).[6]

# Emir Start End Fate
1 Ahmad ibn Tulun 15 September 868 20 May 884
2 Khumarawayh 20 May 884 18 January 896[7] Murdered
3 Abu 'l-Asakir Jaysh 18 January 896 26 July 896 Unseated then died in jail in November 896
4 Harun 26 July 896 30 December 904 Murdered
5 Shayban 30 December 904 10 January 905 Surrendered to the Abbasids during Al-Muktafi's reign

Governors during the second Abbasid period (905–935)

[edit]

Dates taken from John Stewart's African States and Rulers (2005).[6]

# Governor (Emir) Start End Caliph Fate
1 Isa al-Nushari August 905 September 905 Al-Muktafi Unseated
2 Muhammad al-Khalangi
(Usurper)[6] 		September 905 May 906 -
- Isa al-Nushari
(Second Term) 		May 906 9 May 910 Al-Muktafi
Al-Muqtadir 		Died
3 Abu'l Abbas[6] 13 June 910 23 June 910 Al-Muqtadir -
4 Takin al-Khassa Abu Mansur Takin ibn Abdallah al-Harbi al-Khazari 23 June 910 27 August 915 Unseated
5 Dhuka al-Rumi 27 August 915 8 August 919 Died
- Takin al-Khassa Abu Mansur Takin ibn Abdallah al-Harbi al-Khazari
(Second Term) 		8 August 919 22 July 921 Unseated
6 Mahmun ibn Hamal[6] 22 July 921 25 July 921 -
- Takin al-Khassa Abu Mansur Takin ibn Abdallah al-Harbi al-Khazari
(Third Term) 		25 July 921 14 August 921 Unseated
7 Abu'l-Hasan Hilal ibn Badr 14 August 921 17 August 923 Unseated
8 Ahmad ibn Kayghalagh 17 August 923 12 February 924 Unseated
- Takin al-Khassa Abu Mansur Takin ibn Abdallah al-Harbi al-Khazari
(Fourth Term) 		12 February 924 16 March 933 Al-Muqtadir
Al-Qahir
Al-Muqtadir (Second Reign)
Al-Qahir (Second Reign) 		Died
9 Muhammad ibn Takin[6] 16 March 933 30 September 933 Al-Qahir Unseated
10 Muhammad ibn Tughj al-Ikhshid[6]
(Later Emir of Egypt 935-946) 		933 933 Did not take office.[6]
- Ahmad ibn Kayghalagh
(Second Term) 		30 September 933 934 Al-Qahir
Al-Radi 		Unseated
- Muhammad ibn Takin
(Second Term)[6] 		934 2 September 935 Al-Radi -

Autonomous emirs of the Ikhshidid dynasty (935–969)

[edit]
Further information: Ikhshidid dynasty

Dates taken from John Stewart's African States and Rulers (2005).[6]

# Governor (Emir) Start End Fate
1 Muhammad ibn Tughj al-Ikhshid 2 September 935 24 July 946
  • Appointed by caliph Al-Radi, became autonomous after Al-Radi's death.
  • Died in office
2 Abu'l-Qasim Unujur ibn al-Ikhshid 24 July 946 29 December 960 Died
3 Abu'l-Hasan Ali ibn al-Ikhshid 1 January 961 7 February 965 Died
4 Abu al-Misk Kafur
(Vizier of Egypt from 946 to 8 February 965)[6] 		8 February 965 23 April 968 Died
5 Abu'l-Fawaris Ahmad ibn Ali 23 April 968 5 August 969 Deposed by the Fatimid conquest

Fatimid Dynasty (969–1171)

[edit]
Further information: Fatimid Caliphate

Dates for Caliphs taken from John Stewart's African States and Rulers (2005).[6]

# Governor Start End Title Fate
1 Jawhar al-Siqilli 5 August 969 June 973 Viceroy Led the Fatimid conquest of Egypt and governed the country until the arrival of Caliph al-Mu'izz from Ifriqiya. Constructed a new capital at Cairo.
2 Al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah June 973 10 December 975 Caliph Died
3 Al-Aziz Billah 10 December 975 14 October 996 Caliph Died
4 Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah 14 October 996 13 February 1021 Caliph Disappeared (assassinated?)
- Barjawan October 997 March 1000 de facto Regent Assassinated
5 Ali az-Zahir 13 February 1021 13 June 1036 Caliph -
- Sitt al-Mulk 13 February 1021 5 February 1023 Regent Died
6 Al-Mustansir Billah 13 June 1036 29 December 1094 Caliph -
- Ali ibn Ahmad al-Jarjara'i 1036 27 March 1045 Vizier and de facto Regent
- Rasad 27 March 1045 1062 de facto Regent Stripped of property after defeat by the Turks
7 Al-Musta'li 31 December 1094 8 December 1101 Caliph -
8 Al-Amir bi-Ahkami'l-Lah 8 December 1101 17 October 1130 Caliph Killed
- Al-Hafiz
(Later ruled as Caliph from 1132 to 1149) 		1130 1130 Regent Overthrown by Kutayfat
- Kutayfat 1130 1131 Vizier, de facto military dictator Killed
9 Al-Hafiz 1131 October 1149 Caliph
(officially in 1132, de jure regent since 1131) 		-
10 Al-Zafir October 1149 16 April 1154 Caliph Killed
11 Al-Fa'iz bi-Nasr Allah 16 April 1154 23 July 1160 Caliph Died
- Tala'i ibn Ruzzik 16 April 1154 10 September 1161 Regent Assassinated
12 Al-Adid li-Din Allah 23 July 1160 10 September 1171 Caliph Unseated by Saladin (In 1171, he abolished Fatimid dynasty and realigned the country's allegiance with Abbasid calips)

Ayyubid Sultanate (1171–1252)

[edit]
Further information: Ayyubid Dynasty

Dates taken from John Stewart's African States and Rulers (2005).[6]

# Governor Start End Title Fate
1 Saladin 10 September 1171 4 March 1193 Sultan Died in office (In 1171, he abolished Fatimid dynasty and realigned the country's allegiance with Abbasid calips)
2 Al-Aziz No picture available 4 March 1193 29 November 1198 Sultan Died
3 Al-Mansur No picture available 29 November 1198 February 1200 Sultan Deposed
4 Al-Adil I February 1200 31 August 1218 Sultan Died
5 Al-Kamil 2 September 1218 8 March 1238 Sultan Died
6 Al-Adil II No picture available 8 March 1238 31 May 1240 Sultan Deposed by his brother and successor Salih
7 As-Salih Ayyub No picture available 1 June 1240 21 November 1249 Sultan Died
- Shajar al-Durr 21 November 1249 27 February 1250 Regent Abdicated
8 Turanshah 27 February 1250 2 May 1250 Sultan Assassinated by the Mamluks
9 Al-Ashraf Musa No picture available 1250 1254 Co-sultan with Aybak Dethroned / custody

Mamluk Sultanate (1250–1517)

[edit]
Further information: Mamluk Sultanate

Bahri Mamluks (1250–1382, 1389-1390)

[edit]

Dates taken from John Stewart's African States and Rulers (2005),[6] unless otherwise stated.

# Name Picture Start End Title Fate
1 Shajar al-Durr 2 May 1250 31 July 1250 Sultan[nb 1] Abdicated to Aybak
2 Izz al-Din Aybak 31 July 1250 10 April 1257 Sultan Assassinated by Shajar al-Durr
3 al-Mansur Nour al-Din Ali 15 April 1257 November 1259 Sultan Dethroned by Seif al-Din
4 al-Muzafar Seif al-Din Qutuz November 1259 24 October 1260 Sultan Assassinated by Baibars
5 al-Zahir Rukn al-Din Baibars al-Bunduqdari 24 October 1260 1 July 1277 Sultan Died
6 al-Said Nasir al-Din Barakah 3 July 1277 August 1279 Sultan Resigned
7 al-Adel Badr al-Din Solamish No image available August 1279 November 1279 Sultan Dethroned
8 al-Mansour Seif al-Din Qalawun November 1279 10 November 1290 Sultan Died
9 al-Ashraf Salah al-Din Khalil 12 November 1290 12 December 1293 Sultan Assassinated
10 al-Nasir Nasir al-Din Mohamed Ben Qalawun
(First Reign) 		14 December 1293[6] December 1294[6] Sultan Dethroned
11 al-Adil Zein al-Din Katubgha No image available December 1294 7 December 1296 Sultan Escaped
12 al-Mansour Hossam al-Din Lajin 7 December 1296 16 January 1299 Sultan Assassinated
- al-Nasir Nasir al-Din Mohamed Ben Qalawun
(Second Reign) 		16 January 1299 March 1309 Sultan Resigned
13 al-Muzafar Rukn al-Din Baibars al-Jashnakir No image available April 1309 5 March 1310 Sultan Executed
- al-Nasir Nasir al-Din Mohamed Ben Qalawun
(Third Reign) 		5 March 1310 6 June 1341 Sultan Died
14 al-Mansour Saif al-Din Abu Bakr No image available 8 June 1341 August 1341[9] Sultan Dethroned
15 al-Ashraf Ala'a al-Din Kujuk No image available August 1341[9] 21 January 1342[10] Sultan Dethroned
16 al-Nasir Shihab al-Din Ahmad No image available 21 January 1342[10] 27 June 1342[11] Sultan Dethroned
17 al-Salih Imad al-Din Abu Ismail No image available 27 June 1342[11] 3 August 1345[12] Sultan Died
18 al-Kamil Seif al-Din Shaban No image available 3 August 1345[12] 18 September 1346[12] Sultan Killed
19 al-Muzafar Zein al-Din Hagi 18 September 1346[12] 10 December 1347[12] Sultan Killed
20 al-Nasir Badr al-Din Abu al-Ma'aly al-Hassan
(First Reign) 		December 1347 24 August 1351[12] Sultan Dethroned
21 al-Salih Salah al-Din Ben Mohamed 21 August 1351[12] 20 October 1354[12] Sultan Custody
- al-Nasir Badr al-Din Abu al-Ma'aly al-Hassan
(Second Reign) 		20 October 1354[12] 16 March 1361[12] Sultan Disappeared /prob. killed
22 al-Mansur Salah al-Din Mohamed Ben Hagi 17 March 1361[12] 28 May 1363[12] Sultan Dethroned for insanity
23 Al-Ashraf Sha'ban 29 May 1363[12] 15 March 1377[12] Sultan Executed
24 al-Mansur Ala-ad-Din Ali Ibn al-Ashraf Shaban 15 March 1377[12] 19 May 1381[12] Sultan Died in epidemic
25 Al-Salih Hajji
(First Reign) 		19 May 1381[12] 26 November 1382 Sultan Resigned
Burji Mamluk rule (1382-1389)
- Al-Salih Hajji
(Second Reign) 		1 June 1389[12] January 1390[12] Sultan Resigned

Burji Mamluks (1382-1389, 1390–1517)

[edit]
# Name Picture Start End Title Fate
1 Al-Malik Az-Zahir Sayf ad-Din Barquq 26 November 1382[12] 1 June 1389[12] Sultan Captured and sent to Al-Karak
Bahri Mamluk rule (1389-1390)
- Al-Malik Az-Zahir Sayf ad-Din Barquq
(Second Reign) 		21 January 1390[12] 20 June 1399[12] Sultan Died
2 Faraj bin Barquq (First Reign) 20 June 1399[12] 20 September 1405[12] Sultan Escaped
3 Abdul Aziz bin Barquq No image available 20 September 1405[12] November 1405[12] Sultan Died in custody
- Faraj bin Barquq (Second Reign) November 1405[12] 23 May 1412[12] Sultan Dethroned / Killed
4 Abu al-Fadl Abbas al-Musta'in Billah No image available 23 May 1412[12] 6 November 1412[12] Caliph Deposed
5 Al-Mu'ayyad Shaykh al-Mahmudi 6 November 1412[12] 13 January 1421[12] Sultan Died
6 al-Muzafar Abu al-Saadat Ahmad No image available 13 January 1421[12] 29 August 1421[12] Sultan Dethroned
7 Al-Zahir Sayf-ad-Din Tatar No image available 29 August 1421[12] 30 November 1421[12] Sultan Died
8 as-Salih Nasir-ad-Din Muhammad No image available 30 November 1421[12] 1 April 1422[12] Sultan Dethroned
9 Sayf ad-Din Barsbay 1 April 1422[12] 7 June 1438[12] Sultan Died
10 Jamal ad-Din Abu al-Mahasin Yusuf No image available 7 June 1438[12] 9 September 1438[12] Sultan Dethroned
11 Sayf ad-Din Jaqmaq 9 September 1438[12] 1 February 1453[12] Sultan Dethroned
12 Al-Mansur Fakhr-ad-Din Uthman No image available 1 February 1453[12] 15 March 1453[12] Sultan Dethroned
13 Sayf ad-Din Inal 15 March 1453[12] 26 February 1461[12] Sultan Resigned due to illness and died
14 Al-Mu'ayyad Shihab al-Din Ahmad No image available 26 February 1461[12] 28 June 1461[12] Sultan Dethroned
15 Khushqadam 28 June 1461[12] 9 October 1467[12] Sultan Died
16 Sayf ad-Din Bilbay No image available 9 October 1467[12] 4 December 1467[12] Sultan Dethroned and died in custody
17 Timurbugha No image available 4 December 1467[12] 31 January 1468[12] Sultan Dethroned
18 Sayf ad-Din Qa'itbay 31 January 1468[12] 7 August 1496[12] Sultan Abdicated to his son
19 al-Nasir Abu al-Sa'adat Muhammad
(First Reign) 		No image available 7 August 1496[12] 1497 Sultan Deposed
20 Qansuh Khumsama'ah [arz] No image available 1497 1497 Sultan Escaped and disappeared
- al-Nasir Abu al-Sa'adat Muhammad
(Second Reign) 		No image available 1497 31 October 1498[12] Sultan Assassinated
21 az-Zahir Qansuh al-Ashrafi No image available 31 October 1498[12] 30 June 1500[12] Sultan Abdicated
22 al-Ashraf Janbalat No image available 30 June 1500[12] 25 January 1501[12] Sultan Dethroned
23 Sayf ad-Din Tumanbay No image available 25 January 1501[12] 20 April 1501[12] Sultan Deposed and executed
24 Al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghawri 20 April 1501[12] 24 August 1516[12] Sultan Killed in Battle of Marj Dabiq
25 Tuman bay II 17 October 1516[12] 15 April 1517[12] Sultan Executed by the Ottoman Sultan Selim I

Sources

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  • Bosworth, Clifford E., The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual, Columbia University Press, New York, 1996 (Google Books)
  • Kennedy, Hugh N. (1998). "Egypt as a Province in the Islamic Caliphate, 641–868". In Petry, Carl F. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Egypt. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 62–85. ISBN 978-0-521-47137-4.
  • Kennedy, Hugh (2004). The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East from the 6th to the 11th Century (Second ed.). Harlow: Longman. ISBN 978-0-582-40525-7.

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Shajar al-Durr has often been referred to as a "Sultana", but there is in fact no feminine form of Sultan and she herself used the title "Sultan" on her coinage.[8]

References

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  1. ^ a b Stewart, John (2005). African States and Rulers. London: McFarland. p. 85. ISBN 0-7864-2562-8.
  2. ^ Kennedy 1998, p. 69.
  3. ^ Kennedy 2004, pp. 80, 83.
  4. ^ Stewart, John (2005). African States and Rulers. London: McFarland. p. 85-86. ISBN 0-7864-2562-8.
  5. ^ a b Kennedy 1998, p. 81.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Stewart, John (2005). African States and Rulers. London: McFarland. p. 86. ISBN 0-7864-2562-8.
  7. ^ Haarmann, Ulrich (1986). "K̲h̲umārawayh". In Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E.; Lewis, B. & Pellat, Ch. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume V: Khe–Mahi. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 49–50. ISBN 978-90-04-07819-2.
  8. ^ Holt, P. M.; Lambton, Ann K. S.; Lewis, Bernard, eds. (1977). The Cambridge History of Islam. Cambridge University Press. p. 210. ISBN 978-0-521-29135-4. OCLC 3549123. Retrieved 2010-03-01.
  9. ^ a b Drory, Joseph (2006). "The Prince who Favored the Desert: Fragmentary Biography of al-Nasir Ahmad (d. 745/1344)". In Wasserstein, David J.; Ayalon, Ami (eds.). Mamluks and Ottomans: Studies in Honour of Michael Winter. Routledge. p. 20. ISBN 9781136579172.
  10. ^ a b Drory, Joseph (2006). "The Prince who Favored the Desert: Fragmentary Biography of al-Nasir Ahmad (d. 745/1344)". In Wasserstein, David J.; Ayalon, Ami (eds.). Mamluks and Ottomans: Studies in Honour of Michael Winter. Routledge. p. 24. ISBN 9781136579172.
  11. ^ a b Drory, Joseph (2006). "The Prince who Favored the Desert: Fragmentary Biography of al-Nasir Ahmad (d. 745/1344)". In Wasserstein, David J.; Ayalon, Ami (eds.). Mamluks and Ottomans: Studies in Honour of Michael Winter. Routledge. p. 28. ISBN 9781136579172.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs Griffith, Francis Llewellyn; and several more (1911). "Egypt/3 History" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 09 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 80–130, see pages 101 to 103.
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