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Loma Linda, California

Coordinates: 34°2′54″N 117°15′2″W / 34.04833°N 117.25056°W / 34.04833; -117.25056
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"Loma Linda" redirects here. For other uses, see Loma Linda (disambiguation).

Loma Linda, California
City
A view of Loma Linda University Medical Center, with the city surrounding it
A view of Loma Linda University Medical Center, with the city surrounding it
Flag of Loma Linda, California
Flag
Motto: 
Serving Man
Location of Loma Linda in San Bernardino County, California
Location of Loma Linda in San Bernardino County, California
Loma Linda, California is located in the United States
Loma Linda, California
Loma Linda, California
Location in the United States
Coordinates: 34°2′54″N 117°15′2″W / 34.04833°N 117.25056°W / 34.04833; -117.25056
Country United States
State California
CountySan Bernardino
IncorporatedSeptember 29, 1970[1]
Named forSpanish for "beautiful hill"
Government
 • TypeCouncil–manager
 • City council[2]Mayor Phill Dupper
Mayor pro tempore: Ron Dailey
Councilmember: Rhodes Rigsby
John Lenart
Bhavin Jindal
Area
[3]
 • Total
7.64 sq mi (19.79 km2)
 • Land7.64 sq mi (19.79 km2)
 • Water0.00 sq mi (0.00 km2)  0.01%
Elevation
[4]
1,165 ft (355 m)
Population
 (2020)[5]
 • Total
24,791
 • Density3,200/sq mi (1,300/km2)
Time zoneUTC−8 (Pacific)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−7 (PDT)
ZIP Codes
92350, 92354, 92357
Area code909
FIPS code06-42370
GNIS feature IDs1660935, 2410857
Websitewww.lomalinda-ca.gov

Loma Linda (Spanish for "Beautiful Hill")[6] is a city in San Bernardino County, California, United States, that was incorporated in 1970.[6] The population was 24,791 at the 2020 census, up from 23,261 at the 2010 census.[5][7]: 26  The central area of the city was originally known as Mound City, while its eastern half was originally the unincorporated community of Bryn Mawr.[6]

History

[edit]

The Tongva village of Wa’aachnga, or as the Spanish referred to it as the Rancheria Guachama, was located at what is now Loma Linda. The rancheria was later occupied by the Cahuilla and Serrano after it was established as a mission outpost for Mission San Gabriel in the early 1800s.[8][9][10]

In the late 1800s, Loma Linda began as a development of tourist halls called Mound City, as encouraged by railroad companies. Shops and cottages were built, but the project failed. During the late 1890s, a group of businessmen and physicians from Los Angeles bought the Mound City Hotel and reopened it as a convalescent home and health resort. They called it Loma Linda, meaning 'beautiful hill' in Spanish.[11]

In 1905 Seventh-day Adventists John Burden and Ellen G. White purchased the Loma Linda Hotel and property and reopened it as the Loma Linda Sanitarium.[12] In February 1906, The Loma Linda College of Evangelists (now Loma Linda University) was established.[13]

In 1969, San Timoteo Creek overflowed its banks, inundating two-thirds of Loma Linda. Many of the bridges over the creek washed away, and Loma Linda Academy was completely flooded.[14][15][16] In 2010, the creek again flooded parts of Loma Linda.[16]

The city was incorporated in 1970.[17]

Geography

[edit]

Loma Linda is located in southwestern San Bernardino County and is considered part of the Inland Empire. It is bordered on the north by the city of San Bernardino, on the east by Redlands, on the west by Colton, and on the south by Riverside County. An area of unincorporated territory in Riverside County separates Loma Linda from the city of Moreno Valley to the south. The remnants of Bryn Mawr, an unincorporated community formerly located between Loma Linda and Redlands, were annexed by the city in 2008.

Loma Linda is in the southern San Bernardino Valley. The southern third of the city is known as the South Hills; this rugged and hilly area at the northwestern end of the Badlands is a city-owned open space reserve protected by a local initiative.[18] San Timoteo Creek flows from southeast to northwest through the city.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 7.5 square miles (19 km2), 99.99% of it land.

Water contamination and air pollution

[edit]

Ground water near Loma Linda is contaminated by a plume of the chemical perchlorate which was used in the manufacturing of solid rocket fuel. This chemical was also formerly (decades ago and in very small amounts) prescribed by physicians to control the overactive thyroid glands of certain patients. A nearby plant operated by Lockheed Aerospace has been implicated in the improper disposal of the rocket fuel ingredient, which leached into the ground water northeast of Loma Linda. Loma Linda's municipal water supply, nevertheless, has been unaffected by the plume, primarily because Lockheed Martin installed a $19 million treatment plant in 2010 to remove both perchlorate and trichloroethylene from water after pumping it from the aquifer.[19]

Demographics

[edit]
Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
19709,797—
198010,6949.2%
199017,40062.7%
200018,6817.4%
201023,26124.5%
202024,7916.6%
U.S. Decennial Census[20]

2010

[edit]

At the 2010 Census, Loma Linda had a population of 23,261. The population density was 3,094.3 inhabitants per square mile (1,194.7/km2). The racial makeup of Loma Linda was 47.8% White (11,122 people; 37.0% Non-Hispanic White);[21][22] 8.7% African American (2,032 people); 0.4% Native American (97 people); 28.3% Asian (6,589 people); 0.7% Pacific Islander (154 people); 8.7% from other races (2,022 people); and 5.4% from two or more races (1,245 people). Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5,171 people (22.2%).[23]

The census reported that 22,457 people (96.5% of the population) lived in households, 562 (2.4%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 242 (1.0%) were institutionalized.

There were 8,764 households, 2,650 (30.2%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 3,832 (43.7%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 1,190 (13.6%) had a female householder with no husband present, 461 (5.3%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 351 (4.0%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 46 (0.5%) same-sex married couples or partnerships, while 2,453 households (28.0%) were one person and 837 (9.6%) had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.56. There were 5,483 families (62.6% of households); the average family size was 3.18.

The age distribution was 4,859 people (20.9%) under the age of 18, 2,642 people (11.4%) aged 18 to 24, 7,463 people (32.1%) aged 25 to 44, 5,056 people (21.7%) aged 45 to 64, and 3,241 people (13.9%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 33.2 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.9 males.

There were 9,649 housing units at an average density of 1,283.6 per square mile, of the occupied units 3,432 (39.2%) were owner-occupied and 5,332 (60.8%) were rented. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.5%; the rental vacancy rate was 9.9%. 9,496 people (40.8% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 12,961 people (55.7%) lived in rental housing units.

2000

[edit]

At the 2000 Census, there were 18,681 people in 7,536 households, including 4,498 families, in the city. The population density was 2,541.7 inhabitants per square mile (981.4/km2). There were 8,084 housing units at an average density of 1,099.9 per square mile (424.7/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 54.2% White, 7.2% African American, 0.5% Native American, 24.4% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 7.5% from other races, and 6.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 16.3%.[7]: 96 

Of the 7,536 households 27.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.7% were married couples living together, 12.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.3% were non-families. Of all households 31.2% were one person and 10.5% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.4 and the average family size was 3.1.

A shopping center at Loma Linda University pictured in the early 1950s.
Loma Linda University
Nichol Hall on the campus of Loma Linda University.

The age distribution was 21.9% under the age of 18, 10.2% from 18 to 24, 33.2% from 25 to 44, 19.2% from 45 to 64, and 15.4% 65 or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 86.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.2 males.

The median household income was $38,204 and the median family income was $45,774. Males had a median income of $36,086 versus $35,096 for females. The per capita income for the city was $20,189. About 12.9% of families and 15.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.6% of those under age 18 and 5.2% of those age 65 or over. Whether or not these poverty statistics include unemployed full-time students is not known.

Longevity

[edit]

Residents in Loma Linda have one of the highest rates of longevity in the United States.[24][25] Writer Dan Buettner has labeled Loma Linda a Blue Zone, an area where the longevity is appreciably higher than the national average and a substantial proportion of the population lives past 100 years. Buettner's 2008 book, The Blue Zones: Lessons for Living Longer From the People Who've Lived the Longest, attributes Loma Linda's longevity rate to Adventist cultural health and diet practices.[26] The city strictly controls the sale of alcohol and has banned public smoking. The church-owned grocery store does not sell meat.[24][27][28][29]

Government

[edit]

Loma Linda uses the council-manager form of government, and the City Council is composed of Mayor Rhodes Rigsby, Phill Dupper, Ovidiu Popescu, Ron Dailey, and pro tempore John Lenart.[2]

Police services are provided by the San Bernardino County Sheriff's Office.[30]

State and federal representation

[edit]

In the California State Legislature, Loma Linda is in the 19th Senate District, represented by Republican Rosilicie Ochoa Bogh, and in the 50th Assembly District, represented by Democrat Robert Garcia.[31]

In the United States House of Representatives, Loma Linda is in California's 23rd congressional district, represented by Republican Jay Obernolte.[32]

Education

[edit]

Most of the city of Loma Linda forms part of the Redlands Unified School District,[33] with Bryn Mawr Elementary School being situated within Loma Linda city limits.

However, the western edge of the city is served by the Colton Unified School District.[33]

Also located in the city are Loma Linda Academy, a K-12 private school, and Loma Linda University (LLU), a health-sciences higher-learning institution, both run by the Seventh-day Adventist Church.[34] Notable firsts at Loma Linda University's medical center include the first baboon-to-human heart transplant and the first split-brain surgery.[35]

Sister cities

[edit]
Loma Linda University Church of Seventh-day Adventists on the campus of Loma Linda University is home to the world's largest Adventist congregation

Loma Linda is twinned with Manipal, India, and Libertador San Martin, Argentina, as its sister cities.[36]

[edit]

Loma Linda University Medical Center is featured in Venom ER, an Animal Planet program focusing on snakebite treatment at the hospital.[37] Former Loma Linda resident and heart surgeon Ellsworth Wareham was featured in the 2009 documentary film How to Live Forever.[38]

Seventh-day Adventist influence

[edit]

Nearly half of the city's residents are members of the Seventh-day Adventist Church, a Protestant denomination founded in 1863 that observes Sabbath from sundown on Friday to sundown on Saturday. In 1904, Seventh-day Adventist church guided by the visions of prophet Ellen G. White purchased a failed resort in the city to create a sanitarium and nursing school. In 1909, the church opened a school of medicine that eventually became Loma Linda University Medical Center.[39] The Loma Linda Foods company was founded in Loma Linda in 1905 by the Seventh-day Adventists.[40]

Seventh-day Adventist institutions in the city include the Loma Linda University Church and the Loma Linda Academy. Because many members of the Adventist faith are vegetarians, there are many vegetarian options in Loma Linda restaurants and vegetarian restaurants in the downtown area.[39] The Loma Linda Market grocery store does not sell any red meat, poultry, or seafood.[41]

The city is a self-proclaimed Blue Zone. Blue zones are areas where residents live longer than average and this is attributed to the healthy lifestyle of the many Adventist residents in Loma Linda.[42]

Notable people

[edit]
See also: Loma Linda University § Notable alumni

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "California Cities by Incorporation Date". California Association of Local Agency Formation Commissions. Archived from the original (Word) on November 3, 2014. Retrieved August 25, 2014.
  2. ^ a b "Boards & Commissions:City Council". Loma Linda, California: City of Loma Linda, California. Archived from the original on February 6, 2015. Retrieved January 23, 2015.
  3. ^ "2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 1, 2020.
  4. ^ "Loma Linda". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior. Retrieved October 12, 2014.
  5. ^ a b "Loma Linda (city) QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved March 20, 2022.
  6. ^ a b c "About Us". Loma Linda, California: The City of Loma Linda, California. Archived from the original on June 26, 2011. Retrieved January 29, 2010.
  7. ^ a b "California: 2000 Summary Population and Housing Characteristics" (PDF). census.gov. November 2002.
  8. ^ Nuttall, Zelia (1907). The Earliest Historical Relations Between Mexico and Japan: From Original Documents Preserved in Spain and Japan, Volume 4, Issues 1-6. p. 134.
  9. ^ Marker Database, 'Guachama Rancheria
  10. ^ San Bernardino, Pageant of History Begins to Unfold, By L. BURR BELDEN, Sun-Telegram Historical Writer, 1960
  11. ^ "Our City: About Us". www.lomalinda-ca.gov. Retrieved September 26, 2018.
  12. ^ Review and Herald, September 20, 1906, p. 24. Online access may be found at the SDA General Conference Online Document Archives linked here. Archived March 8, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
  13. ^ "Timeline | Loma Linda University". home.llu.edu. Retrieved June 7, 2022.
  14. ^ "Recent rains bring of flood of memories". Redlandsdailyfacts.com. February 23, 1992. Retrieved June 23, 2017.
  15. ^ "Loma Linda Ravaged by Floods" (PDF). Pacific Union Recorder. March 13, 1969. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 4, 2016. Retrieved March 8, 2016.
  16. ^ a b Tenorio, Gina (January 24, 2012). "Quakes Not the Only Concern Locals Face, Says Seismologist - Redlands, CA Patch". Patch.com. Retrieved June 23, 2017.
  17. ^ "Our City: Our History". www.lomalinda-ca.gov. Retrieved August 26, 2020.
  18. ^ "Loma Linda General Plan: Conservation and Open Space Element" (PDF). Lomalinda-ca.gov. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 11, 2015. Retrieved June 23, 2017.
  19. ^ "ATSDR - Public Health Assessments & Health Consultations - California". Atsdr.cdc.gov. Archived from the original on March 6, 2010. Retrieved June 23, 2017.
  20. ^ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  21. ^ "Loma Linda (city) QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau". census.gov. Archived from the original on March 27, 2015. Retrieved December 25, 2013.
  22. ^ "U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Loma Linda city, California". www.census.gov. Retrieved August 26, 2020.
  23. ^ "2010 Census Interactive Population Search: CA - Loma Linda city". U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on July 15, 2014. Retrieved July 12, 2014.
  24. ^ a b Emily Esfahani Smith (February 4, 2013). "The Lovely Hill: Where People Live Longer and Happier". The Atlantic.
  25. ^ Bowes, Peter (December 8, 2014). "Loma Linda: The secret to a long healthy life?". BBC News Magazine. Retrieved September 19, 2016. Studies have shown that people here live up to 10 years longer than most Americans and enjoy better health in their golden years.
    The reason for this extraordinary longevity could be rooted in their faith. Seventh-day Adventists make up about half of the approximately 24,000 people who live here.
  26. ^ Buettner, Dan (2008). The Blue Zones: Lessons for Living Longer from the People Who've Lived the Longest. The Blue Zones Series (reprint ed.). National Geographic Society (published 2010). ISBN 9781426207556. Retrieved August 14, 2019.
  27. ^ Medina, Jennifer (December 11, 2011). "Fast-Food Outlet Stirs Concerns in a Mecca of Healthy Living". The New York Times. Retrieved January 20, 2015.
  28. ^ "Longevity, The Secrets of Long Life - National Geographic Magazine". nationalgeographic.com. Archived from the original on December 11, 2007.
  29. ^ "Loma Linda, California - Blue Zones". July 30, 2016.
  30. ^ "Police Department".
  31. ^ "Statewide Database". UC Regents. Archived from the original on February 1, 2015. Retrieved December 8, 2014.
  32. ^ "California's 23rd Congressional District - Representatives & District Map". Civic Impulse, LLC.
  33. ^ a b "2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: San Bernardino County, CA" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. p. 8 (PDF p. 9/12). Retrieved October 4, 2024. - Text list
  34. ^ "City of Loma Linda: General Plan" (PDF). Lomalinda-ca.gov. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 22, 2015. Retrieved June 23, 2017.
  35. ^ "This Day in History: Infant receives baboon heart". HISTORY.com. Retrieved June 7, 2022.
  36. ^ "Sister Cities". The City of Loma Linda, California. lomalinda-ca.gov. Archived from the original on October 29, 2013. Retrieved July 29, 2013.
  37. ^ Santschi, Darrell (October 27, 2009). "Loma Linda University Medical Center celebrates 100 years". The Press-Enterprise. Riverside, California. Retrieved January 29, 2010.
  38. ^ SHAUK, ZAIN (December 2, 2009). "Q&A;: Ellsworth Wareham". Glendale News-Press. Retrieved June 7, 2022.
  39. ^ a b "How a Meatless Town in California Made Turning 100 No Big Deal". Thrillist. January 26, 2018. Retrieved June 5, 2022.
  40. ^ "Loma Linda Foods". www.soyinfocenter.com. Retrieved June 5, 2022.
  41. ^ "Want to live to 100? This town may hold the secrets of longevity". TODAY.com. December 12, 2014. Retrieved June 6, 2022.
  42. ^ "These Americans live seven to eleven years longer. What's their secret?". NBC News. April 3, 2019. Retrieved June 6, 2022.
  43. ^ Carstensen, Melinda (December 16, 2014). "100-year-old surgeon, WWII vet who retired at age 95 shares secrets to longevity". Fox News. Retrieved January 20, 2015.
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