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Lompoc, California

Coordinates: 34°38′46″N 120°27′37″W / 34.64611°N 120.46028°W / 34.64611; -120.46028
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Lompoc
City
Veterans Memorial Building
Veterans Memorial Building
La Purísima Concepción Church
La Purísima Concepción Church
La Purisima Mission
La Purisima Mission
La Purisima Mission
La Purisima Mission
Jalama Beach
Jalama Beach
Flag of Lompoc
Flag
Official seal of Lompoc
Seal
Coat of arms of Lompoc
Coat of arms
Official logo of Lompoc
Wordmark
Nickname(s): 
"City of Arts and Flowers"
Location in Santa Barbara County and California
Location in Santa Barbara County and California
Lompoc is located in California
Lompoc
Lompoc
Location in California
Lompoc is located in southern California
Lompoc
Lompoc
Location in Southern California
Lompoc is located in the United States
Lompoc
Lompoc
Location in the United States
Coordinates: 34°38′46″N 120°27′37″W / 34.64611°N 120.46028°W / 34.64611; -120.46028
CountryUnited States
StateCalifornia
CountySanta Barbara
IncorporatedAugust 13, 1888[1]
Named forPurisimeño:lumpo'o̥: "Lakes/lagoons"[2]
Government
 • City council[5]
  • Mayor Jenelle Osborne
  • Gilda Aiello
  • Dirk Starbuck
  • Victor Vega
  • Jeremy Ball
 • State senatorRosilicie Ochoa Bogh (R)[3]
 • AssemblymemberJasmeet Bains (D)[3]
 • U.S. Rep.Salud Carbajal (D)[4]
Area
[6]
 • Total
11.70 sq mi (30.31 km2)
 • Land11.62 sq mi (30.10 km2)
 • Water0.08 sq mi (0.20 km2)  0.66%
Elevation
[7]
105 ft (32 m)
Population
 (2020)[8]
 • Total
44,444
 • Density3,800/sq mi (1,500/km2)
DemonymLompocan
Time zoneUTC−8 (PST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−7 (PDT)
ZIP Codes
93436–93438
Area code805
FIPS code06-42524
GNIS feature ID1652745
Websitewww.cityoflompoc.com

Lompoc (/ˈlɒmpoʊk/ LOM-poke; Chumashan Purisimeño: lumpo'o̥) is a city in Santa Barbara County, California, United States. Located on the Central Coast, its population was 43,834 as of July 2021.

Lompoc has been inhabited for thousands of years by the Chumash people, who called the area lumpo'o̥, meaning 'in the cheeks' in the local Purisimeño language.[2] The Spanish called the area Lompoco after Fermín de Lasuén had established Misión La Purísima in 1787. In 1837, the Mexican government sold the area as the Rancho Lompoc land grant. Following the U.S. conquest of California, multiple settlers acquired the Lompoc Valley, including William Welles Hollister, who sold the land around the mission to the Lompoc Valley Land Company, which established a temperance colony which incorporated in 1888 as Lompoc.[9] Lompoc is often considered a military town because it is near Vandenberg Space Force Base.

Name

[edit]

The Western Institute for Endangered Language Documentation (WIELD) confirmed that the Chumash Purisimeño word lumpo'o̥ translates to 'in the cheeks'. Chumash placenames were often named after body parts such as: the eye, face, kneecap, the eyelash, shoulder, nose, tongue, and white of the eye.[10] It used to be believed that Lompoc translated to 'stagnant waters'[11] as was first mentioned in the 1974 paper Chumash Placenames by Richard Applegate. In 1981 the writings of John P. Harrington were cataloged at the Smithsonian Museum and quoted Maria Solares with the correct Lompoc translation. WIELD eventually researched and corrected the record in 2018.

History

[edit]
Mission La Purísima was founded in 1787 by the Spanish, under the leadership of Fermín de Lasuén.

Before the Spanish conquest, the area around Lompoc was inhabited by the Chumash people. The Original Mission La Purísima was established in 1787 near what is now the southern edge of the city. Purisimeño, a Chumashan language, was spoken in the region during the mission period.[12] After an earthquake destroyed the mission in 1812, it was moved to its present location 1 mile (1.6 km) northeast of the present city. After independence from the Spanish Empire, the First Mexican Empire was established in 1821. The Mexicans secularized the Spanish missions in 1833, and La Purisima Mission fell into ruins.

In 1893, a diatomaceous earth mine, formerly owned by Johns Manville, World Mineral, and Celite corporation, now Imerys Inc., opened in the southern hills in Miguelito Canyon. It became (and still is) the largest marine diatomite mine in the world, and at one time was the largest employer in the valley.[13] While owned by Johns Manville, the mine employed more than 900 people at its peak, and built housing for its employees onsite and in town; the houses in town are next to JM park, which was donated to the city by the mine. Another diatomaceous earth company, Grefco, operated here from the 1940s until 1998.[14] The remnants of its mine at the northeast end of town were torn down in 2001.[15]

Lompoc Veterans Memorial Building, built in a Spanish Colonial Revival style in 1936, is a National Historic Landmark.

In 1909, the Sibyl Marston—at the time, the largest steam schooner built on the West Coast—sank nearby while carrying 1,100,000 board feet (2,600 m3) of lumber. Many of the older Lompoc homes were built with lumber from the shipwreck. The wreckage can still be seen south of Surf Beach.[16]

The coastal branch of the Southern Pacific Railroad opened around 1900 and eventually replaced ship transportation. A paved road linked Lompoc to Buellton and the rest of California around 1920. In 1923, the Honda Point disaster, the U.S.'s largest peacetime naval accident, occurred just off the coast; nine U.S. destroyers ran aground, killing 23 people. During the Great Depression, La Purisima Mission was restored by the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC). During World War II, the coast west of Lompoc was the site of Camp Cooke, a United States Army training camp where large units could practice maneuvers.

Lompoc grew slowly until 1958, when the United States Air Force announced that the former Camp Cooke would be a test site for the Thor family of intermediate-range ballistic missiles and the first operational base for the SM-65 Atlas, an intercontinental ballistic missile. The city then began to grow rapidly to provide housing for thousands of civilians and contractors employed at what was soon renamed Vandenberg Air Force Base. It was the Air Force's first missile base.

The Mission Revival style Lompoc Theatre was built in 1927.

The Space Shuttle program was slated to begin launches from Vandenberg in the late 1980s, and the city experienced a boom in restaurant and hotel construction in anticipation of tourists coming to see shuttle launches. However, when the Challenger exploded during take-off from Cape Canaveral in 1986, the West Coast shuttle program was terminated, sending Lompoc into a severe recession.[17]

Geography

[edit]
Aerial view of Lompoc in 2007, looking southwest. The Santa Ynez River flows at bottom of image.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 11.7 square miles (30 km2), 99.34% of it land and 0.66% of it water.

Most of the city is in the valley of the Santa Ynez River, at an elevation of about 80–100 feet (25–30 meters). Expansion has been to the north, on higher ground known as Vandenberg Village, with elevations of 150–300 feet (50–100 meters). Like most rivers in Southern California, the Santa Ynez River does not have a surface flow for most of the year. Underground flow in the sandy river bed recharges the aquifer beneath the city, from which nine wells (with a tenth one planned) supply the city with water. Unlike many other cities in Southern California, Lompoc is not connected to the State Water Project.

Climate

[edit]

Lompoc has a cool Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification Csb), typical of coastal California. The city is mostly sunny, with an ocean breeze. Fog is common. Snow is virtually unknown. The highest recorded temperature was 110 °F or 43.3 °C in 1987, and the lowest recorded temperature was 20 °F or −6.7 °C in 1990.

Climate data for Lompoc, California, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1917–present
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 88
(31) 		89
(32) 		96
(36) 		105
(41) 		97
(36) 		98
(37) 		99
(37) 		101
(38) 		106
(41) 		110
(43) 		98
(37) 		90
(32) 		110
(43)
Mean maximum °F (°C) 78.6
(25.9) 		80.1
(26.7) 		82.0
(27.8) 		85.1
(29.5) 		83.3
(28.5) 		83.9
(28.8) 		82.9
(28.3) 		85.1
(29.5) 		89.9
(32.2) 		91.6
(33.1) 		85.2
(29.6) 		76.7
(24.8) 		95.1
(35.1)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 64.7
(18.2) 		65.1
(18.4) 		67.3
(19.6) 		68.2
(20.1) 		69.2
(20.7) 		70.7
(21.5) 		72.5
(22.5) 		73.3
(22.9) 		74.8
(23.8) 		74.1
(23.4) 		69.6
(20.9) 		63.3
(17.4) 		69.4
(20.8)
Daily mean °F (°C) 54.0
(12.2) 		54.6
(12.6) 		56.6
(13.7) 		57.8
(14.3) 		59.9
(15.5) 		61.8
(16.6) 		64.0
(17.8) 		64.6
(18.1) 		64.8
(18.2) 		62.6
(17.0) 		57.8
(14.3) 		52.7
(11.5) 		59.3
(15.2)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 43.2
(6.2) 		44.2
(6.8) 		46.0
(7.8) 		47.4
(8.6) 		50.6
(10.3) 		52.9
(11.6) 		55.5
(13.1) 		56.0
(13.3) 		54.9
(12.7) 		51.1
(10.6) 		46.0
(7.8) 		42.1
(5.6) 		49.2
(9.6)
Mean minimum °F (°C) 32.2
(0.1) 		33.5
(0.8) 		36.9
(2.7) 		38.5
(3.6) 		42.6
(5.9) 		45.6
(7.6) 		49.2
(9.6) 		49.5
(9.7) 		46.6
(8.1) 		41.4
(5.2) 		36.1
(2.3) 		31.1
(−0.5) 		29.9
(−1.2)
Record low °F (°C) 21
(−6) 		26
(−3) 		27
(−3) 		29
(−2) 		34
(1) 		34
(1) 		41
(5) 		37
(3) 		36
(2) 		27
(−3) 		24
(−4) 		20
(−7) 		20
(−7)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 3.29
(84) 		3.66
(93) 		2.80
(71) 		0.90
(23) 		0.34
(8.6) 		0.06
(1.5) 		0.02
(0.51) 		0.01
(0.25) 		0.05
(1.3) 		0.67
(17) 		1.21
(31) 		2.40
(61) 		15.41
(392.16)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 8.1 8.6 7.4 4.1 1.7 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.7 2.7 4.7 7.7 47.2
Source 1: NOAA[18]
Source 2: National Weather Service[19]

Demographics

[edit]
Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
1880226—
18901,015349.1%
1900972−4.2%
19101,48252.5%
19201,87626.6%
19302,84551.7%
19403,37918.8%
19505,52063.4%
196014,415161.1%
197025,28475.4%
198026,2673.9%
199037,64943.3%
200041,1039.2%
201042,4343.2%
202044,4444.7%
U.S. Decennial Census[20]

2020

[edit]

In the 2020 United States Census, Lompoc had a population of 44,444. The population density was 3,823.8 inhabitants per square mile (1,476.1/km2). The racial and ethnic makeup was 25,472 (57.3%) Hispanic or Latino of any race; 13,310 (29.9%) Non-Hispanic White; 1,805 (4%) African American; 1,608 (3.6%) Asian; 289 (0.65%) Native American; 98 (0.2%) Pacific Islander; 166 (0.37%) other races; and 1,696 (3.8%) from two or more races.

The Census reported that 41,375 (93%) lived in households, 156 (0.35%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters and 2,913 (6.5%) were institutionalized.

There were 14,104 households, of which 5,459 (38.7%) had children under the age of 18 living in them; 6,309 (44.7%) were opposite-sex married couple households; 3,919 (27.8%) had a female householder with no husband present; and 2,613 (18.5%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 1,210 (2.7%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships and 77 (0.17%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 3,256 (23%) households were made up of individuals, and 1,438 (10.2%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.06. There were 9,453 (67%) families; the average family size was 3.67.

The population included 12,129 (27.4%) people under the age of 18; 2,935 (6.6%) people aged 18 to 24; 12,657 (28.5%) aged 25 to 44, 10,861 (24.4%) aged 45 to 64; and 5,862 (13.2%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 35.7 years old. For every 100 females, there were 109.9 males. For every 100 females aged 18 and over, there were 111.6 males.

There were 14,609 housing units at an average density of 1,257 per square mile (485/km2), of which 6,687 (45.7%) were owner-occupied and 7,417 (50.7%) were occupied by renters. There are 505 vacant housing units in Lompoc (0.34%). The homeowner vacancy rate was 0.4%; the rental vacancy rate was 3.1% [21]

2010

[edit]
La Purísima Concepción Catholic Church, built in 1920 in a Spanish Colonial Revival style.

In the 2010 United States Census,[22] Lompoc had a population of 42,434. The population density was 3,634.7 inhabitants per square mile (1,403.4/km2). The racial makeup was 25,950 (61.2%) White; 2,432 (5.7%) African American; 750 (1.8%) Native American; 1,615 (3.8%) Asian; 186 (0.4%) Pacific Islander; 9,020 (21.3%) from other races; and 2,481 (5.8%) from two or more races. There were 21,557 Hispanic or Latino residents of any race (50.8%).

The Census reported that 38,778 people (91.4% of the population) lived in households, 99 (0.2%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 3,557 (8.4%) were institutionalized.

There were 13,355 households, of which 5,481 (41.0%) had children under the age of 18 living in them; 6,323 (47.3%) were opposite-sex married couples living together; 2,061 (15.4%) had a female householder with no husband present; and 913 (6.8%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 949 (2.2%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships and 75 (0.17%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 3,304 households (24.7%) were made up of individuals, and 1,187 (8.9%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.9. There were 9,297 families (69.6% of all households); the average family size was 3.48.

The population included 11,188 people (26.4%) under the age of 18, 4,452 people (10.5%) aged 18 to 24, 12,233 people (28.8%) aged 25 to 44, 10,338 people (24.4%) aged 45 to 64, and 4,223 people (10.0%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 33.9 years. For every 100 females, there were 114.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 118.7 males.

There were 14,416 housing units at an average density of 1,234.8 per square mile (476.8/km2), of which 6,493 (48.6%) were owner-occupied and 6,862 (51.4%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.2%; the rental vacancy rate was 7.1%. 18,534 people (43.7% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units, and 20,244 people (47.7%) lived in rental housing units.

2000

[edit]
Temple Baptist Church was originally built as two churches in the 1870's, which were unified in 1908.

As of the 2000 Census,[23] there were 43,284 people, 13,059 households and 9,311 families residing in Lompoc. The population density was 3,532.2 inhabitants per square mile (1,363.8/km2). There were 13,621 housing units at an average density of 1,170.5 per square mile (451.9/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 65.81% White, 7.34% African American, 1.58% Native American, 3.90% Asian, 0.32% Pacific Islander, 15.68% from other races, and 5.35% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race made up 37.31% of the population.

There were 13,059 households, of which 41.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.0% were married couples living together, 14.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.7% were non-families. 23.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.3% had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.88, and the average family size was 3.42.

The population included 29.9% under the age of 18, 8.9% from 18 to 24, 33.3% from 25 to 44, 18.5% from 45 to 64, and 9.4% who were 65 or older. The median age was 32. For every 100 females, there were 113.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 116.4 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $47,587, and the median income for a family was $62,199. Males had a median income of $35,074, versus $26,824 for females. The per capita income was $15,509. About 12.6% of families and 15.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.8% of those under 18 and 6.7% of those 65 or older.

Economy

[edit]
Vandenberg Space Force Base is a large contributor to the local economy.

Vandenberg Space Force Base dominates the economy, directly employing more Lompoc residents than any other employer, and contributing $1.7 billion to the regional economy.[24] Other mainstays of the economy include the Federal Correctional Institution, the diatomaceous earth mine (today owned by Imerys), the Lompoc Oil Field and associated oil processing facilities north of town, and agriculture (especially seed flowers and vegetables). Lompoc is called "The City of Arts and Flowers".

Wine production and wine tourism make up an expanding agricultural sector.[25] Lompoc Valley is the gateway to the Sta. Rita Hills AVA wine appellation, internationally recognized for premium pinot noir and chardonnay. Thirty premium boutique wine labels are produced in Lompoc. Numerous other wineries are located along State Route 246 and on Santa Rosa Road. Tasting rooms are located in various parts of Lompoc.[24]

Since the end of the Cold War, many workers employed in Santa Barbara and Goleta have moved to Lompoc to take advantage of lower housing costs, effectively making Lompoc a bedroom community of Santa Barbara.[26] The character of the town has changed considerably with the growth associated with this demographic shift. In addition, new housing developments are spreading into the adjacent hills on the north side of town.

Cannabis

[edit]
Further information: Cannabis in California

Upon the legalization of the sale and distribution of cannabis in California, the city had seven recreational marijuana storefronts by February 2020 with nineteen cannabis business licenses having been issued by the city.[27][28] One of the retail establishments is being licensed for onsite consumption claiming to be the first between Los Angeles and San Francisco.[29] A manufacturing facility has been established[30] and a testing lab provides the required analysis for growers.[31][32] Companies must be licensed by the local agency and the state to grow, test, or sell cannabis and the city may authorize none or only some of these activities. Cannabis dispensaries pay a 6% gross sales tax to the city.[33] Local governments may not prohibit adults, who are in compliance with state laws, from growing, using, or transporting marijuana for personal use.

Government

[edit]
The Lompoc Museum is housed in the old Carnegie library, built in 1910.

Public safety

[edit]

The Lompoc Police Department is the primary law enforcement agency for the city. The city is also served by the Lompoc Fire Department (LFD), which responds to more than 3,800 emergency and non-emergency calls per year.[34]

American Medical Response Santa Barbara County (AMR SBC) provides the primary emergency medical response and ambulance services. The LFD provides mutual aid to the Santa Barbara County Fire Department as well as providing primary fire protection and emergency medical response to the United States Penitentiary, Lompoc.

The Federal Correctional Complex located between Lompoc and Vandenberg SFB includes the medium- and low-security Federal Correctional Institution, Lompoc, two minimum-security camps.[35]

Education

[edit]
Lompoc High School.

Lompoc is served by the Lompoc Unified School District.

The two high schools in the area are Cabrillo High School and Lompoc High School.

The two middle schools in the area are Vandenberg Middle School and Lompoc Valley Middle School.

Allan Hancock College operates the Lompoc Valley Center (LVC).

Transportation

[edit]

State Route 1 is the major north–south artery through Lompoc. State Route 246 heads east to Buellton and the Santa Ynez Valley.

The Surf train station is located to the west at Surf Beach and is served by Amtrak's Pacific Surfliner line. Amtrak Thruway buses stop in town. Lompoc is also served by City of Lompoc Transit, the Clean Air Express to Santa Barbara/Goleta, and the Breeze Bus to Buellton/Solvang and Santa Maria.

Culture

[edit]
The Lilley Building in downtown Lompoc, built in 1875.

The Lompoc Valley Flower Festival, held the last week of June, features a parade, carnival, food vendors, and craft show.[36] In 2002, the Bodger Seed Company planted a "floral flag" as a tribute after the September 11 attacks. The "flag" was 740 feet by 390 feet, covered 6.65 acres (2.69 ha), and was estimated to contain more than 400,000 larkspur plants.[37][38]

The Lompoc arts scene features a number of artists, musicians, and bands, ranging from singer-songwriters to psychedelic blues-rock bands. At the center of this scene is Certain Sparks Music, a music store and frequent venue for Lompoc's musicians. Certain Sparks opened in 2006 and moved in 2015 from the corner of H & Laurel to South H Street.

Local artists

[edit]
Altar at Mission La Purísima.

One of Lompoc's most successful musical artists is the rock band Saint Anne's Place, which was formed in 2008 and released their first EP, Speak Easy, in 2011.[39][40] The band's music has been described as a "blistering yet rustic mix of blues, psychedelia, and folk rock with the chops of players twice their senior".[41] In 2011, they also won the Santa Barbara Independent battle of the bands.[42] They released their second EP, The Earth Shaker, in December 2012.[43]

Contemporary artwork on display at Mission La Purísima.

Emily Wryn is a Lompoc songwriter whose music has been featured on NPR’s Morning Becomes Eclectic.[44] Her first EP, Head on Straight, was released in February 2012,[45] and she played at the Indie Week festival in Ireland in April 2014.[46] Wryn also collaborates with a local band, Saint Anne's Place, and in a group called The Lights Electric.

Another band, Millions, led by Randall Sena, played along the Central Coast. Randall Sena was also in a performing band called Le Petite Protest.[47] Sena recorded and produced Wryn's Head on Straight and Saint Anne's Place's Speak Easy in his recording studio, Certain Sparks.[45]

Lompoc Theatre

[edit]

The Lompoc Theatre, which opened in 1927, was owned and operated by the Calvert family for many years.[48] It encountered financial trouble in the 1970s because of competition from multiplexes and television. The last time a movie was shown on its screen was in 1987.[49]

In July 2003, a non-profit group, the Lompoc Housing and Community Development Corporation, announced plans to restore the theater. With the assistance of the city, the LHCDC was able to raise funds to buy the theater. By March 2008, the cost of renovating the building was estimated at just under $10 million. The LHCDC was unable to raise the money needed for renovations, and the building accumulated three liens.[50] The Lompoc Theatre Project Organization was formed in 2012 with the help of Howlin' Byroon's Music Store (2009–2014) owner Brian W. Cole, Donelle Martin, Carol Benham, Michelle Shaefer and others. It was formally sold, and attaining the keys, to the same grassroots group called the Lompoc Theatre Project in 2016. As of January 2020, restoration and fund-raising is still ongoing.[51][52][53][54]

Lompoc Pops Orchestra

[edit]

Founded in 1996,[55] the Lompoc Pops Orchestra consists of about 45 semi-professional musicians under the direction of Dr. Brian Asher Alhadeff.[56] Tts four annual performances include musicals, Broadway hits, jazz pieces, big band, gospel and patriotic music.

Notable people

[edit]

Sister cities

[edit]

Lompoc has five sister cities:[76]

[edit]

In 2010, Playboy named Jasper's, a local bar, one of the top 10 dive bars in the country.[77] The bar is the setting of the classic 1940 W. C. Fields comedy The Bank Dick. Lompoc is also frequently referred to in the TV cartoon series Roger Ramjet, though consistently mispronounced "Lom-pock".[78] The Australian punk rock band Lompoc County Splatterheads were named from an episode where the hero refers to "local louts as a bunch of 'Splatter heads'."[79][80]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "California Cities by Incorporation Date". California Association of Local Agency Formation Commissions. Archived from the original (Word) on November 3, 2014. Retrieved August 25, 2014.
  2. ^ a b Western Institute for Endangered Language Documentation: 2018: 7
  3. ^ a b "Statewide Database". UC Regents. Archived from the original on February 1, 2015. Retrieved January 4, 2015.
  4. ^ "California's 24th Congressional District - Representatives & District Map". Civic Impulse, LLC. Retrieved September 29, 2014.
  5. ^ "Your City Council". City of Lompoc. Retrieved July 19, 2021.
  6. ^ "2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 1, 2020.
  7. ^ "Lompoc". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior. Retrieved November 17, 2014.
  8. ^ "US Census Bureau". www.census.gov. Retrieved August 18, 2024.
  9. ^ Redmon, Michael (August 3, 2016). "The Founding of Lompoc". Santa Barbara Independent. Retrieved May 10, 2020.
  10. ^ APPLEGATE, RICHARD B. “Chumash Placenames.” The Journal of California Anthropology, vol. 1, no. 2, 1974, pp. 187–205. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/27824791. Accessed October 21, 2020.
  11. ^ McCall, Lynne & Rosalind, Perry, red. (1991): The Chumash People: Materials for Teachers and Students. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History. San Luis Obispo, CA: EZ Nature Books. ISBN 0-945092-23-7. Page 29.
  12. ^ "Purisimeño". Survey of California and Other Indian Languages. Retrieved July 22, 2012.
  13. ^ Abramson, Mark (July 24, 2005). "Lompoc mining company Celite sells to Imerys for ,217M". Santa Maria Times. Retrieved July 20, 2021.
  14. ^ Sakata, John (September 23, 2011). "Owner has plans for Grefco site". Lompoc Record. Retrieved February 9, 2020.
  15. ^ Zimmer, Shane (June 4, 2001). "Lompoc landmark falls". Santa Maria Times. Retrieved February 9, 2020.
  16. ^ Nisperos, Neil (January 29, 2006), "Merchant steamer ship visible at Surf Beach", Lompoc Record, retrieved June 9, 2013
  17. ^ Corwin, Miles (February 26, 1986). "Shuttle Blowup Casts Pall Over Lompoc Area's Sudden Growth". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved July 20, 2021.
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