Louis, Count of Saint-Pol

Louis de Luxembourg, Count of Saint-Pol
Later portrait of Louis, Comte de Saint-Pol
Born	1418
Died	19 December 1475(1475-12-19) (aged 56–57) Paris
Noble family	House of Luxembourg
Spouse(s)	Jeanne de Bar, Countess of Marle and Soissons Marie of Savoy
Father	Peter of Luxembourg, Count of Saint-Pol
Mother	Margaret de Baux

Louis de Luxembourg, Count of Saint-Pol, of Brienne, de Ligny, and Conversano (1418 – 19 December 1475) belonged to the Ligny branch of the House of Luxemburg and was Constable of France.

Life

Saint-Pol was the eldest son of Peter of Luxembourg and Margaret de Baux. His name originates from the fact that he was a 7th generation descendant of Henry V, Count of Luxembourg, and thus belonged to the French branch of the House of Luxembourg. His older sister Jacqueline, better known as Jacquetta of Luxembourg, married John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford, and Louis was initially a supporter of the Lancastrian cause in the English Wars of the Roses.

He was brought up by his uncle, John II of Luxembourg, Count of Ligny, who named Louis as heir to his estates. However, King Charles VII of France sequestrated the estates on John's death in 1441. As a result, Saint-Pol sought a rapprochement with the French king and duly had his inheritance restored to him. However, the county of Guise was claimed by Charles, Count of Maine. The affair was settled by an agreement that Saint-Pol's sister Isabelle would marry the Count of Maine and receive the disputed lands as her dowry.

War against the King

Saint-Pol became a close friend of the Dauphin Louis, the future King Louis XI of France and fought with him in Flanders and in Normandy. However, in 1465 Saint-Pol broke with his friend, now King, to join with the King's brother, Charles, Duke of Berry in the League of the Public Weal. At the battle of Montlhéry, he commanded the van of Charles the Bold's army, yet later was made constable of France by Louis XI. The Treaty of Conflans ended the war, while Saint-Pol received the hand of the King's sister-in-law, Maria of Savoy.

After this, he was persistently disloyal to the King, conspiring with Charles, Count of Charolais, and with Edward IV of England (the husband of his niece, Elizabeth Woodville). The final treason came in 1474 when Saint-Pol approached Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, who had already entered into a compact with Edward IV of England to dismember France in a renewal of the Hundred Years' War. The scheme envisaged the murder of Louis and the sub-division of France between Saint-Pol, the Dukes of Burgundy, Brittany, Bourbon and Nemours, the Count of Maine and King Edward. Saint-Pol then proceeded to draw other magnates into the conspiracy.

The whole thing started to unravel after Louis and Edward concluded the Treaty of Picquigny in August 1475. Angered by this, Saint-Pol was imprudent enough to write to Edward, upbraiding him as a "cowardly, dishonoured and beggarly king". Edward promptly forwarded the letter to Louis, who now had all the proof he needed. A messenger was sent to the conspirator, in which he was informed that the King had 'need of a head such as his.' He was arrested in September 1475, and later imprisoned in the Bastille. Execution followed in December. Philippe de Commynes, the chief chronicler of Louis' reign, was to write that Saint-Pol had been "abandoned by God because he had tried with all his might to prolong the hostilities between the King and the Duke of Burgundy."

From 1468 to 1472 his chaplain was the well-known translator, author and scribe Jean Miélot.

Marriage and children

Louis de Luxembourg married twice, first to Jeanne de Bar, Countess of Marle and Soissons (died 1462), and secondly to Marie of Savoy. He left at least nine legitimate children, including:

• John of Luxembourg, Count of Soissons
• Peter II of Luxembourg, Count of Saint-Pol
• Jacqueline of Luxembourg, married Philip I de Croÿ, Count of Porcéan (died 1511).
• Anthony I of Luxembourg, Count of Ligny

Ancestry

Ancestors of Louis, Count of Saint-Pol

16. John I, Lord of Ligny 8. Guy I, Count of Ligny 17. Alix of Dampierre 4. John, Lord of Beauvoir 18. John, Count of Saint-Pol 9. Mathilde of Châtillon 19. Joanna of Fiennes 2. Peter I, Count of Saint-Pol 20. Walter III, Lord of Enghien 10. Louis, Count of Enghien 21. Isabella, Countess of Brienne 5. Marguerite of Enghien 22. Antonio Sanseverino, Count of Marsico 11. Giovanna Sanseverino 23. Isabella del Balzo 1. Louis of Luxembourg 24. Bertrand II, Lord of Baux 12. Bertrand III, Lord of Baux 25. Berengaria of Andria 6. Francis of Baux 26. Robert, Lord of Aulnay 13. Marguerite of Aulnay 27. Isabella d'Estendart 3. Margaret of Baux 28. Roberto Orsini, Count of Nola 14. Nicola Orsini, Count of Nola 29. Sueva del Balzo 7. Sueva Orsini 30. Guillaume de Sabran, Count of Ariano 15. Jeanne de Sabran 31. Francesca di Celano

References

• Gade, John Allyne (1951). Luxemburg in the Middle Ages. E.J. Brill.
• Gregory, Philippa; Baldwin, David; Jones, Michael (2011). The Women of the Cousins' War: The Duchess, the Queen, and the King's Mother. Simon & Schuster Inc.
• Vaughan, Richard (2002). Charles the Bold. Boydell Press.

External links

• The Memoirs of Philippe de Commines are a major source on the life of Louis de Luxembourg, Count of Saint-Pol.