List of majority-minority United States congressional districts
(Redirected from Majority-minority district)
 | This article's factual accuracy may be compromised due to out-of-date information. The reason given is: Has inaccurate district information, particularly 2020 census redistricting in California and Florida. (September 2023) |
A majority-minority district is an electoral district, such as a United States congressional district, in which the majority of the constituents in the district are racial or ethnic minorities (as opposed to Non-Hispanic whites in the U.S.). Race is collected through the decennial United States census.
Majority-minority districts may be created to avoid or remedy violations of the Voting Rights Act of 1965's prohibitions on drawing redistricting plans that diminish the ability of a racial or language minority to elect its candidates of choice. In some instances, majority-minority districts may result from affirmative racial gerrymandering. The value of drawing district lines to create majority-minority districts is a matter of dispute both within and outside of minority communities. Some view majority-minority districts as a way to dilute the voting power of minorities and analogous to racial segregation; others favor majority-minority districts as ways to effectively ensure the election of minorities to legislative bodies, including the House of Representatives. Majority-minority districts have been the subject of legal cases examining the constitutionality of such districts, including Shaw v. Reno (1993), Miller v. Johnson (1995), and Bush v. Vera (1996).
List of districts
[edit]African-American
[edit]Majority
[edit]Population data are from 2021 American Community Survey and 2020 census population estimates. Districts in the table below reflect the 118th Congress.[1]
Currently, there are 26 congressional districts where African Americans make up a majority of constituents, mostly in the South. Every district is represented by Democrats. There are two African American majority congressional districts that are represented by someone who is not African American: Steve Cohen from Tennessee's 9th and Shri Thanedar from Michigan's 13th.
| Rank | Perc. | State | District | 118th Congress | Total 2019 | Afric. Amer. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3[2] | 60.3% | Tennessee | TN-09 | Steve Cohen (non-Black) | 767,682 | 574,437 |
| 2[3] | 62.1% | Mississippi | MS-02 | Bennie Thompson | 723,186 | 549,830 |
| 6[4] | 63.4% | Alabama | AL-07 | Terri Sewell | 670,015 | 419,256 |
| 4[5] | 58.6% | Louisiana | LA-02 | Troy Carter | 762,623 | 589,929 |
| 5[6] | 54.5% | Georgia | GA-04 | Hank Johnson | 756,440 | 585,951 |
| 7[7] | 58.5% | Georgia | GA-05 | Nikema Williams | 788,996 | 436,884 |
| 1[8] | 66.7% | Georgia | GA-13 | David Scott | 763,561 | 566,875 |
| 8[9] | 57% | South Carolina | SC-06 | Jim Clyburn | 665,215 | 361,328 |
| 10[10] | 56.3% | Illinois | IL-02 | Robin Kelly | 685,695 | 383,058 |
| 11[11] | 55.6% | Michigan | MI-13 | Shri Thanedar (non-Black) | 672,291 | 363,772 |
| 12[12] | 55% | New York | NY-08 | Hakeem Jeffries | 776,825 | 403,080 |
| 13[13] | 54% | Pennsylvania | PA-03 | Dwight Evans | 741,654 | 418,050 |
| 14[14] | 53.8% | Maryland | MD-07 | Kweisi Mfume | 717,158 | 376,343 |
| 16[15] | 53.4% | Florida | FL-20 | Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick | 802,463 | 424,842 |
| 17[16] | 52.9% | Maryland | MD-04 | Glenn Ivey | 746,989 | 578,752 |
| 15[17] | 53.5% | Ohio | OH-11 | Shontel Brown | 684,617 | 362,284 |
| 19[18] | 51.6% | Georgia | GA-02 | Sanford Bishop | 671,831 | 354,964 |
| 20[19] | 51.3% | Illinois | IL-01 | Jonathan Jackson | 711,039 | 359,132 |
| 18[20] | 52.7% | New Jersey | NJ-10 | Donald Payne Jr. | 768,400 | 594,109 |
| 21[21] | 50.6% | Florida | FL-24 | Frederica Wilson | 756,692 | 593,543 |
| 22[22] | 50.5% | New York | NY-09 | Yvette Clarke | 720,316 | 336,566 |
Plurality
[edit]- Illinois's 7th congressional district
- Missouri's 1st congressional district
- New York's 5th congressional district
- North Carolina's 1st congressional district
- Virginia's 3rd congressional district
- Texas's 30th congressional district
Asian and Pacific Islander
[edit]Currently, Asian-Americans make up the majority of constituents in two districts. California's 17th represented by Indian-American Ro Khanna and Hawaii's 1st represented by non-Asian Ed Case. Both are Democrats.
| Rank | Perc. | State | District | Member | Total 2019 | Asian Amer. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1[23] | 52.7% | California | CA-17 | Ro Khanna | 790,519 | 439,547 |
| 2[24] | 50.2% | Hawaii | HI-01 | Ed Case (non-Asian) | 720,786 | 364,354 |
| 3 | 39.4% | New York | NY-06 | Grace Meng | 714,299 | 281,433 |
| 4 | 38.6% | California | CA-28 | Judy Chu | 746,863 | 288,289 |
Hispanic and Latino
[edit]Majority
[edit]As of the 118th congress, there are 37 majority-Hispanic or Latino congressional districts.
| Rank | Perc. | State | District | 118th Congress | Total 2020 | Hispanic or Latino |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 87.2% | California | CA-40 | Lucille Roybal-Allard | 715,934 | 624,294 |
| 2 | 84.5% | Texas | TX-34 | Vicente Gonzalez | 712,596 | 602,428 |
| 3 | 82.5% | Texas | TX-15 | Monica de la Cruz | 787,124 | 649,297 |
| 4 | 81.5% | Texas | TX-16 | Veronica Escobar | 757,427 | 617,465 |
| 5 | 78.9% | Texas | TX-28 | Henry Cuellar | 851,824 | 672,129 |
| 6 | 78.7% | California | CA-34 | Jimmy Gomez | 654,303 | 515,167 |
| 7 | 76.0% | Texas | TX-29 | Sylvia Garcia | 677,032 | 514,861 |
| 8 | 75.4% | California | CA-38 | Linda Sánchez | 641,410 | 483,490 |
| 9 | 73.5% | Illinois | IL-04 | Jesús "Chuy" García | 601,156 | 442,018 |
| 10 | 51.6% | Texas | TX-27 | Michael Cloud (Non Hispanic/Latino) | 741,993 | 543,306 |
| 11 | 71.6% | Florida | FL-25 | Mario Díaz-Balart | 807,176 | 577,998 |
| 12 | 71.5% | Texas | TX-20 | Joaquin Castro | 711,705 | 509,208 |
| 14 | 69.5% | California | CA-35 | Norma Torres | 764,643 | 531,426 |
| 15 | 69.5% | California | CA-44 | Nanette Barragan | 717,140 | 500,426 |
| 16 | 68.9% | Florida | FL-27 | Maria Elvira Salazar | 750,653 | 517,199 |
| 17 | 68.5% | California | CA-51 | Juan Vargas | 757,891 | 473,224 |
| 18 | 68.2% | California | CA-29 | Tony Cardenas | 717,659 | 489,443 |
| 19 | 68.2% | California | CA-31 | Pete Aguilar | 611,336 | 417,183 |
| 20 | 67.3% | Florida | FL-26 | Carlos Gimenez | 780,951 | 525,580 |
| 21 | 66.9% | Texas | TX-33 | Marc Veasey (Non Hispanic/Latino) | 751,182 | 502,540 |
| 22 | 66.4% | Texas | TX-23 | Tony Gonzales | 847,651 | 562,913 |
| 23 | 66.1% | New York | NY-15 | Ritchie Torres | 731,101 | 483,258 |
| 24 | 66.0% | California | CA-46 | Lou Correa | 734,651 | 484,869 |
| 25 | 62.6% | California | CA-32 | Grace Napolitano | 642,236 | 412,275 |
| 26 | 61.6% | Arizona | AZ-03 | Raúl Grijalva | 698,314 | 446,159 |
| 27 | 61.1% | Texas | TX-35 | Lloyd Doggett (Non Hispanic/Latino) | 857,654 | 524,712 |
| 28 | 59.3% | California | CA-16 | Jim Costa (Non Hispanic/Latino) | 753,152 | 446,619 |
| 29 | 58.1% | California | CA-41 | Mark Takano (Non Hispanic/Latino) | 786,719 | 457,083 |
| 30 | 56.0% | Arizona | AZ-07 | Ruben Gallego | 855,769 | 479,014 |
| 31 | 52.7% | New Jersey | NJ-08 | Albio Sires | 766,357 | 403,870 |
| 32 | 52.1% | California | CA-20 | Jimmy Panetta (Non Hispanic/Latino) | 741,838 | 386,497 |
| 33 | 51.8% | New Mexico | NM-02 | Gabe Vasquez | 663,956 | 343,856 |
| 34 | 51.2% | California | CA-21 | David Valadao (Non Hispanic/Latino) | 784,176 | 401,194 |
Plurality
[edit]- California's 9th congressional district
- California's 16th congressional district
- California's 18th congressional district
- California's 19th congressional district
- California's 22nd congressional district
- California's 36th congressional district
- California's 37th congressional district
- California's 39th congressional district
- California's 43rd congressional district
- California's 47th congressional district
- Illinois's 3rd congressional district
- Nevada's 1st congressional district
- New Mexico's 1st congressional district
- New Mexico's 3rd congressional district
- New York's 7th congressional district
- New York's 13th congressional district
- New York's 14th congressional district
- Texas's 9th congressional district
- Texas's 18th congressional district
White plurality (majority-minority)
[edit]- Arizona's 1st congressional district
- California's 3rd congressional district
- California's 6th congressional district
- California's 8th congressional district
- California's 10th congressional district
- California's 11th congressional district
- California's 12th congressional district
- California's 13th congressional district
- California's 14th congressional district
- California's 15th congressional district
- California's 23rd congressional district
- California's 25th congressional district
- California's 26th congressional district
- California's 42nd congressional district
- Florida's 9th congressional district
- Florida's 10th congressional district
- Florida's 14th congressional district
- Florida's 23rd congressional district
- Georgia's 7th congressional district
- Hawaii's 2nd congressional district
- Maryland's 5th congressional district
- Maryland’s 8th congressional district
- Massachusetts's 7th congressional district
- Nevada's 4th congressional district
- New Jersey's 6th congressional district
- New Jersey's 9th congressional district
- New Jersey's 12th congressional district
- New York's 16th congressional district
- North Carolina's 12th congressional district
- Pennsylvania's 2nd congressional district
- Texas's 2nd congressional district
- Texas's 5th congressional district
- Texas's 7th congressional district
- Texas's 22nd congressional district
- Texas's 32nd congressional district
- Virginia's 11th congressional district
- Washington's 9th congressional district
- Wisconsin's 4th congressional district
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "Diving into District Data: What the Latest Census Numbers Tell Us". The Cook Political Report. Retrieved March 23, 2023.
- ^ "My Congressional District: Tennessee's 9th". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
- ^ "My Congressional District: Mississippi's 2nd". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
- ^ "My Congressional District: Alabama's 7th". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
- ^ "My Congressional District: Louisiana's 2nd". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
- ^ "My Congressional District: Georgia's 4th". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
- ^ "My Congressional District: Georgia's 5th". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
- ^ "My Congressional District: Georgia's 13th". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
- ^ "My Congressional District: South Carolina's 6th". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
- ^ "My Congressional District: Illinois's 2nd". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
- ^ "My Congressional District: Michigan's 13th". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
- ^ "My Congressional District: New York's 8th". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
- ^ "My Congressional District: Pennsylvania's 3rd". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
- ^ "My Congressional District: Maryland's 7th". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
- ^ "My Congressional District: Florida's 20th". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
- ^ "My Congressional District: Maryland's 4th". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
- ^ "My Congressional District: Ohio's 11th". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
- ^ "My Congressional District: Georgia's 2nd". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
- ^ "My Congressional District: Illinois's 1st". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
- ^ "My Congressional District: New Jersey's 10th". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
- ^ "My Congressional District: Florida's 24th". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
- ^ "My Congressional District: New York's 9th". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
- ^ "My Congressional District: California's 17th". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
- ^ "My Congressional District: Hawaii's 1st". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
External links
[edit]- Use of Racial Data in Redistricting - Background Paper Prepared for the Minnesota Legislature Subcommittee on Geographic Information Systems
- Majority-Minority Voting Districts and Their Role in Politics: Their Advantages, Their Drawbacks, and the Current Law
- Voting wrongs - racial reapportionment
- Race and Redistricting: The Shaw-Cromartie Cases
- The Electoral Competitiveness of Majority-Minority Districts
- Redrawing Lines of Power: Redistricting 2011 Making Contact, produced by the National Radio Project, April 12, 2011