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Mike Sullivan (Wyoming politician)

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For the Wyoming Labor Commissioner, see Michael J. Sullivan (Wyoming politician).

Mike Sullivan
United States Ambassador to Ireland
In office
October 22, 1998 – June 20, 2001
Appointed byBill Clinton
Preceded byJean Kennedy Smith
Succeeded byRichard J. Egan
29th Governor of Wyoming
In office
January 5, 1987 – January 2, 1995
Preceded byEdgar Herschler
Succeeded byJim Geringer
Personal details
Born
Michael John Sullivan

(1939-09-22) September 22, 1939 (age 85)
Omaha, Nebraska, U.S.
Political partyDemocratic
Other political
affiliations		Republican (2022)
SpouseJane Metzler
Children3
RelativesJoseph Sullivan (grandfather)
EducationUniversity of Wyoming (BS, JD)
Signature

Michael John Sullivan (born September 22, 1939) is an American lawyer and politician who served as the 29th Governor of Wyoming from 1987 to 1995, and United States Ambassador to Ireland from 1998 to 2001, as a member of the Democratic Party. Prior to his gubernatorial tenure he was active in local politics in Natrona County, Wyoming.

Sullivan was born in Omaha, Nebraska, as a member of a political family active in the Wyoming Legislature and grew up in Douglas, Wyoming. He was educated at Converse County High School and the University of Wyoming. He practiced law and became involved in local politics with his service on the Natrona County Memorial Hospital board. Sullivan won in the 1986 and 1990 gubernatorial elections despite being outspent both times by Pete Simpson and Mary Mead.

During Sullivan's gubernatorial tenure he became the first governor in Wyoming's history to have his veto overturned, appointed three people to the Wyoming Supreme Court, oversaw Wyoming's most recent criminal execution, led the passage of a holiday in Martin Luther King Jr.'s honor, and chaired the Western Governors Association. He unsuccessfully ran for a seat in the United States Senate in the 1994 election before being appointed as the ambassador to Ireland by President Bill Clinton. He was the first governor to endorse Clinton during the 1992 Democratic presidential primaries and co-chaired his campaign in Wyoming during both presidential campaigns.

Early life

[edit]
Mike Sullivan in 1957

Michael John Sullivan was born in Omaha, Nebraska, on September 22, 1939, to Margaret Elizabeth Sullivan and Joseph Sullivan Jr., who was elected as Converse County attorney as a member of the Democratic Party and served as the president of the Wyoming State Bar.[1][2][3] His brother, Dan Sullivan, served in the Wyoming Senate as a member of the Republican Party.[4] His uncle, John Sullivan, and grandfather, Joseph Sullivan, served in the Wyoming House of Representatives.[5][2] Sullivan was raised in Douglas, Wyoming, as a member of the Catholic Church.[6][7]

Sullivan graduated from Converse County High School, which he was class president once, as class salutatorian in 1957.[8][9] In 1961, he graduated from the University of Wyoming with a bachelor of science in petroleum engineering and later with a Juris Doctor in 1964.[10] During his time in college he was a member of the student senate.[6] In 1961, he married Jane Metzler, with whom he had three children.[11] From 1968 to 1986, he worked as an attorney for Brown, Drew, Massey & Sullivan.[12] He became a member of Delta Theta Phi in 1986.[13]

Career

[edit]

Local politics

[edit]

In 1974, Sullivan was speculated as a possible candidate to be nominated as Wyoming's Attorney General by Governor-elect Edgar Herschler.[14] During the 1970s he served as president of the Natrona County Bar Association.[15]

On January 27, 1976, Sullivan was appointed to the Building Appeal Board of Casper, Wyoming and the Natrona County Memorial Hospital board, by the Natrona County commissioners to fill the vacancy created by Bill Barton's death.[16][17] On February 17, the board unanimously approved a resolution giving Sullivan another term.[18] During his tenure on the hospital board he served as its treasurer and president.[19][20][21] On December 11, 1986, he resigned from the hospital board following his election as governor.[22]

Governor

[edit]

1986 election

[edit]
Main article: 1986 Wyoming gubernatorial election
Mike Sullivan's gubernatorial campaign logo

On January 16, 1986, Sullivan announced that he was considering running for the Democratic gubernatorial nomination.[4] Former state Senator Bill Rector stated that "I think Mike [Sullivan] would be a good candidate" after he dropped out of the Democratic gubernatorial primary.[23] On March 20, Sullivan announced that he would seek the Democratic nomination at a press conference inside his house in Casper, Wyoming.[24]

Teno Roncalio, who served in the United States House of Representatives, supported Sullivan and was selected to serve as a honorary chairman of his campaign.[25][26] Charles Brown, the director of KTWO-TV News, was selected to serve as Sullivan's campaign manager.[27] On June 6, Sullivan filed to run for the Democratic gubernatorial nomination.[28] In the Democratic primary Sullivan defeated Pat McGuire, Keith Goodenough, and Al Hamburg after spending $102,219.[29][30][31]

On September 3, Bryan Sharratt, a former candidate in the 1982 Senate election, was selected to replace Brown as Sullivan's campaign manager after Brown was assigned as the campaign's media coordinator.[32] In the general election he defeated Republican nominee Pete Simpson after spending $192,917.[33][34][35] Sullivan did not expect to win the election according to Joseph Meyer.[7] He was the first person from Casper to win Wyoming's gubernatorial election since Bryant Butler Brooks won in 1906.[36][37]

1990 election

[edit]
Main article: 1990 Wyoming gubernatorial election

Citizens for Sullivan was registered on December 7, 1989, by Marilyn Lyle and Mark Gifford, who met with Sullivan although he stated that it was not a campaign announcement, in order to allow campaign donations to be sent to Sullivan.[38] He waited until after the passage of the 1991–1992 budget as he stated that doing so before its passage would politicize the budget.[39] He announced his reelection campaign on May 1, 1990, and defeated Ron Clingman in the Democratic primary after raising $142,559 and spending $115,966.[40][41][42] Richard Lindsey was his campaign manager.[43]

The Republicans blamed their defeat in the 1986 election on the primary which had seven candidates that divided the loyalty of the party. The Wyoming Republican Party's central committee held a meeting in 1989 to reduce the size of the primary field of candidates.[44] Mary Mead won the Republican nomination after every candidate except for Nyla Murphy dropped out and endorsed her.[45] Sullivan participated in five debates against Mead.[46] He defeated Mead with Mark Hughes, the chair of the Wyoming Republican Party, stating that it was a landslide victory.[47][35] Sullivan's margin of victory was the largest for any governor in Wyoming's history at the time.[48] Mead spent $702,105 during the campaign while Sullivan spent $310,030.[49]

Tenure

[edit]

On February 20, 1987, Sullivan issued his first veto against legislation that would have required the governor to choose a replacement for United States Senate or other high offices from a list of three names submitted by the incumbent political party.[50] He criticized the leadership of the Republicans in the state house in 1988 for denying committee chair positions to Representatives Murphy and Mary Odde due to them not supporting an attempt to override one of Sullivan's vetoes.[51] In 1991, Sullivan became the first governor in Wyoming's statehood to have his veto overridden by the Wyoming Legislature when his veto of legislation allowing tax exemptions for wildcat oil drilling was overridden due to the Republicans gaining support from two Democratic members in the state senate and Eli Bebout in the state house.[52][53][54] The Republicans gained a veto-proof majority in the state legislature following the 1992 elections.[55]

Sullivan's first judicial appointment was his appointment of Nicholas Kalokathis to the First Judicial District in 1987.[56] He made three appointments to the Wyoming Supreme Court with him appointing Michael Golden to replace Charles Stuart Brown in 1988, William A. Taylor to replace Steve Urbigkit in 1992, and Larry Lehman to replace G. Joseph Cardine in 1994.[57][58][59] He attempted to reappoint Carrol Orrison to the Wyoming Board of Equalization, but the state senate rejected his nomination.[60] He appointed Meyer as Attorney General in 1987.[61] He appealed to President Bill Clinton to appoint a Wyomingite to the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit in 1993.[62]

Sullivan was selected to replace Dave Freudenthal as the chairman of the Economic Development and Stabilization Board on January 21, 1987.[63] He led an eighteen member delegation to Australia and Taiwan for sixteen days in 1987 with the goal of increasing agricultural, business, investment, and tourism between them and later established a trade office in the Taipei World Trade Center in 1989.[64][65] He was elected to the National Governors Association Executive Committee in 1988.[66] He was the vice-chair of the Western Governors Association and later succeed South Dakota Governor George S. Mickelson as chair in 1991.[67] He was offered the presidency of Council of State Governments for 1992, but declined stating that "I have enough outside activities".[68]

Sullivan remained neutral during the 1988 Democratic presidential primaries until he endorsed Michael Dukakis on May 6, 1988, and served as a superdelegate to the Democratic National Convention.[69][70][71] He endorsed Sharratt during his campaign in the 1988 election for a seat in the U.S. House of Representatives from Wyoming's at-large congressional district and John Vinich in the 1989 special election.[72][73] Sullivan supported Dick Cheney's appointment as United States Secretary of Defense.[74] A Wyoming chapter of the Democratic Leadership Council was organized in 1991, with Sullivan and Secretary of State Kathy Karpan as co-chairs.[75] He endorsed Clinton during the 1992 Democratic presidential primaries becoming the first governor to do so, co-chaired Clinton's campaign in Wyoming with Karpan, and attended the Democratic National Convention as a superdelegate.[76][77][78][79] He was the chair of the Wyoming delegation to the 1988 and 1992 national conventions.[80][81]

United States Senate campaign

[edit]
See also: 1994 United States Senate election in Wyoming

On April 11, 1994, Sullivan announced that he would seek the Democratic nomination for the Senate election to succeed Republican Senator Malcolm Wallop, and filed to run in the election on June 1.[82][83][84] During the election Republican nominee Craig L. Thomas campaign claimed in a fundraising letter that President Clinton had pledged $1 million to aid Sullivan's campaign. Sullivan denied that Clinton had pledged any money and White House spokesman Joshua Silverman stated that no pledge was made.[85]

On July 20, Sullivan returned a $1,350 contribution from U.S. Representative Lawrence J. Smith, made at a June 17 fundraiser in Florida held by the Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee, after Thomas's campaign sent copies of the donation and news reports of Smith's misuse of campaign funds to Sullivan.[86] The Wyoming Republican Party used the letter Sullivan and Karpan wrote telling voters to support Clinton to criticize them for attempting to distance themselves from Clinton.[87] Sullivan faced no opposition in the Democratic primary and was defeated by Thomas in the general election.[88][89][90]

Ambassador

[edit]

During the 1992 presidential election Sullivan and Karpan published a letter calling for Wyoming voters to support Clinton and criticizing President George H. W. Bush for his negative campaign tactics, such as the Willie Horton ad during the 1988 presidential election.[91] He supported Clinton's reelection campaign in the 1996 election and served as the co-chair of Clinton's Wyoming committee alongside Bob Schuster.[92] He was placed into consideration for ambassadorships by the Clinton administration. He was considered as a candidate for Ambassador to the Holy See to replace Raymond Flynn, but that position was given to Lindy Boggs instead.[93][94]

On June 10, 1998, The Washington Post reported that Sullivan was the leading candidate for Ambassador to Ireland, and Sullivan stated that he had been contacted by White House officials.[94] On August 28, President Clinton announced his nomination of Sullivan to serve as the Ambassador to Ireland.[95] He was the tenth resident of Wyoming to receive a high-level diplomatic position.[96] On October 21, his nomination was approved by the United States Senate and he was sworn in at a ceremony in the Indian Treaty Room on December 8.[97][98] On January 21, 1999, Sullivan presented his credentials to President of Ireland Mary McAleese.[99] A legislative resolution honoring his appointment was sent to him by members of the Wyoming Legislature.[100]

Later life

[edit]

It was speculated that President George W. Bush would appoint Sullivan as Secretary of the Interior, but Bush appointed Gale Norton.[101] In 2002, he was appointed to replace John Turner, who had resigned to become assistant secretary of state for the State Department Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs, as chairman of the University of Wyoming's Institute for Environment and Natural Resources board of directors.[102] In 2007, Sullivan was named as a distinguished alumnus of the University of Wyoming.[103]

During the 2002 Wyoming gubernatorial election Sullivan endorsed Democratic nominee Dave Freudenthal.[104] During the 2008 Democratic presidential primaries he supported Hillary Clinton for the nomination and was appointed onto a Wyoming steering committee for her campaign on February 28, 2008.[105][106] He registered as a Republican in order to vote for Liz Cheney in the Republican primary in the 2022 election.[107]

Political positions

[edit]

Economics and development

[edit]

In 1986, Sullivan called for the Reagan administration to be open to the usage of an oil import tax as a stable oil price would help maintain the economies of energy producing states and Native American tribes.[108] In 1987, Sullivan stated that "we didn't get any great support or reason for optimism" about the possibility of an oil import tax being implemented by Reagan after attending the National Governors Association.[109] He opposed the Canada–United States Free Trade Agreement stating that it would negatively impact Wyoming's energy industry and the National Governors Association voted thirty to five, with Sullivan against, in favor of giving its support to the.[110][111] He supported the North American Free Trade Agreement.[112]

In 1986, Sullivan called for the Interstate Commerce Commission to prevent the Chicago and Northwestern Railroad from discontinuing its railroad line to Riverton, Wyoming, as it would be "contrary to the interests of Fremont County and the state of Wyoming."[113] Sullivan sought for the construction of the Superconducting Super Collider inside Wyoming.[114][115] Sullivan asked W. Graham Claytor Jr. to restore Amtrak's passenger service through Wyoming which ended after the line was altered to travel through Colorado instead in 1983.[116] During his tenure mobile phone service was provided to Wyoming and Sullivan performed some of the first mobile phone calls in the state when he called Mayor Judi Laird and received a call from Gerald Ford.[117] Sullivan opposed the western United States being used for nuclear waste storage.[118]

In 1992, Sullivan was given an A grade of 75 from the Cato Institute, ahead of every other state governor and only behind Massachusetts Governor Bill Weld's score of 85, due to his handling of Wyoming's energy industry growth.[119]

Foreign policy

[edit]

On March 8, 1986, Sullivan gave the keynote address at the Natrona County Democratic convention. During his speech he criticized the Reagan administration as it "waffled and rationalized" over the fraud committed by President Ferdinand Marcos during the 1986 Philippine presidential election. He also criticized the administration for its support of military aid to the Contras during the Nicaraguan Revolution.[120] In October, he stated that he would accept the removal of missiles from Wyoming as a part of an arms agreement with the Soviet Union as "if we can secure world peace, we can't be concerned about what effect it may have on our short-term economic development prospects."[121] He signed a legislative resolution supporting Operation Desert Storm.[122]

Government

[edit]

During the 1992 reapportionment process Sullivan supported the creation of single-member districts, but the state legislature approved legislation which reduced the state house from 64 members to 62 members, created 16 single-member and 23 multi-member, with at most two members, House districts, and had the entirety of the state senate elected from single-member districts.[123][124][125] On February 17, 1992, Sullivan vetoed the legislation.[126] On February 18, the state legislature failed to overturn his veto with all 42 Republican members of the House and Senate voting to override and all 22 Democratic members voting against, causing the attempted overturning to fall one vote short.[127] Sullivan signed a new redistricting plan on February 21, which had all thirty members of the state senate elected from single-member districts and reduced the state house from sixty-four to sixty members all elected from single-member districts.[128]

Sullivan vetoed multiple pieces legislation that altered the appointment to fill vacancies in partisan offices as to require the governor to choose from three people selected by the central committee of the party that held the office.[129][130][131] However, the Republicans successfully overrode his veto in 1993.[132] During the 1996 election he and fellow governors Clifford Hansen, Stanley K. Hathaway, and Jim Geringer opposed ballot proposals that would institute term limits in the state legislature.[133]

During Sullivan's state-of-the-state speech in January 1987, he supported the idea of reorganizing the Department of Health and Social Service into four different departments, but when the legislation was introduced by Senator Win Hickey it died in committee.[134]

Social

[edit]

Sullivan is opposed to abortion rights.[135][43] In 1977, the Natrona County Memorial Hospital board voted two to two, with Sullivan against, tied on whether to allow non-therapeutic abortions, an abortion that is not performed as a result of threat to the mother's life, incest, or rape, in the hospital.[136][20] Bill Muller broke the tie by voting to allow non-therapeutic abortions.[137] Brown stated that Sullivan was against a constitutional amendment prohibiting abortions and that he would not support legislation that would prevent abortions.[138] The National Organization for Women rated him as anti-choice during the 1990 election.[139] During the 1994 elections he opposed a ballot initiative that would ban abortions, except to save the mother's life or in the cases of rape or incest, and would punish physicians who perform abortions with up to fourteen years in prison.[140]

On September 16, 1986, Sullivan stated that he would not require general drug testing of state employees.[141] On October 7, he stated that whether or not children with AIDS should be allowed to attend school should be decided by experts. He opposed legislation that would prohibit children with AIDS from attending school.[142] In 1987, he vetoed legislation which would have repealed a 1985 law requiring rubella tests and Rh factor tests for marriage licenses.[143] Alan Simpson, Sullivan, Thomas, and Wallop questioned the effects of asbestos with Sullivan also stating that the cost of removing asbestos from schools would be expensive.[144]

Sullivan supports capital punishment although he stated that he would not oppose an attempt to end executions by the state legislature.[145] In 1992, he stated that he would not grant clemency to convicted murderer Mark Hopkinson despite the American Civil Liberties Union, Wyoming Public Defender Leonard Munker, Gerry Spence, who led the prosecution against Hopkinson, and Marjorie Coggeshall, a relative of the murder victims, asking for clemency.[146][147][148][149][150] He stated that he would talk to Mother Teresa about the execution, but only if she started the discussion.[151] Hopkinson was executed on January 22, 1992, becoming the first person executed in Wyoming since 1965, and the only person executed in Wyoming after Furman v. Georgia.[152][153][154]

The Natrona County Memorial Hospital board voted four to zero, with Sullivan voting in favor, to prohibit the sale of tobacco in the hospital in 1977.[20] He supported raising the drinking age in Wyoming from nineteen to twenty-one and signed the legislation into law making Wyoming the last state to raise its drinking age to twenty-one.[155][156] He stated that legislation by House Minority Leader H. L. Jensen to lower the drinking age from twenty-one to nineteen was "the silliest thing I've heard in a long time".[157][158] He opposed the legalization of gambling.[159][160]

Sullivan supported legislation creating a holiday in honor of Martin Luther King Jr. while opposing attempts to name the holiday Wyoming's Day of Equal Rights.[161] He stated that it was "profound embarrassment to our state" when the legislation failed to pass.[162] He signed an executive order in 1989, declaring that Martin Luther King Jr. Equality Day would be on January 15, 1990.[163][164] In 1990, he signed legislation making Wyoming the forty-seventh state to recognize a holiday in honor of King.[165]

Taxation

[edit]

Sullivan criticized the Gramm–Rudman–Hollings Balanced Budget Act for "cutting and carving without recognition of needs and the merits of programs".[120] Brown stated that Sullivan would not support increasing taxes.[166] In 1987, the Wyoming Senate voted 16 to 14 in favor and the Wyoming House of Representatives voted 39 to 25 in favor of decreasing the coal tax which would decrease revenue by up to $15 million by the 1990s. Sullivan opposed the legislation and wrote a letter to legislators voicing his opposition.[167] He proposed increasing taxation on alcohol, from 2¢ per gallon to 20¢ per gallon, and cigarettes, from 8¢ per pack to 28¢ per pack, in 1987.[168][169]

Wyoming Senate Democratic Minority Whip John Fanos criticized Sullivan in 1992 for not having the leadership abilities to stop budget cuts and encourage tax increases.[170] On March 15, 1994, Sullivan signed the 1995–1996 budget into law, but used his line-item veto against thirteen parts of the legislation.[171] However, the state House and Senate voted to overturn his vetoes with all Republican members voting in favor of overriding and all Democratic members voting against.[172]

Sullivan and Wyoming's congressional delegation wrote in The Washington Post to criticize Citizens for Tax Justice's report stating that Wyoming was among the ten states with the worst tax structure.[173]

Electoral history

[edit]
1986 Wyoming gubernatorial Democratic primary[29]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Mike Sullivan 29,266 70.92%
Democratic Pat McGuire 5,406 13.10%
Democratic Keith Goodenough
Democratic Al Hamburg
Total votes 41,265 100.00%
1986 Wyoming gubernatorial election[33]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Mike Sullivan 88,879 53.96%
Republican Pete Simpson 75,841 46.04%
Total votes 164,720 100.00%
1990 Wyoming gubernatorial election[174]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Mike Sullivan (incumbent) 104,638 65.35%
Republican Mary Mead 55,471 34.65%
Total votes 160,109 100.00%
1994 Wyoming United States Senate Democratic primary[89]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Mike Sullivan 39,563 100.00%
Total votes 68,167 100.00%
1994 Wyoming United States Senate election[90]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Craig L. Thomas 118,754 58.87% +8.50%
Democratic Mike Sullivan 79,287 39.31% −10.33%
Libertarian Craig Alan McClune 3,669 1.82% +1.82%
Total votes 201,710 100.00%

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "A tale of two brothers: blood runs thicker than party loyalty". Casper Star-Tribune. May 11, 1986. p. 3. Archived from the original on May 29, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  2. ^ a b "Gov. Sullivan inherited strength to lead". Casper Star-Tribune. January 5, 1987. p. 8. Archived from the original on May 29, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  3. ^ "Margaret Elizabeth Sullivan". Casper Star-Tribune. February 16, 1988. p. 16. Archived from the original on May 30, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
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  5. ^ "Hathaway calls for optimism about Wyoming's future". Casper Star-Tribune. February 24, 1990. p. 4. Archived from the original on June 1, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  6. ^ a b "Mike Sullivan: Former Wyoming Governor who Embodies the Spirit of the West". Wyoming Humanities. August 7, 2017. Archived from the original on October 29, 2020.
  7. ^ a b Junge, Mark (April 14, 2011). Oral History – Honorable Joseph B. "Joe" Meyer – Part 1. Wyoming State Parks and Cultural Resources.
  8. ^ "High School". Casper Star-Tribune. May 27, 1997. p. 11. Archived from the original on May 29, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  9. ^ "Sullivan Biography". Archived from the original on May 29, 2022.
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  12. ^ "Harvard Michael Sullivan". Archived from the original on May 29, 2022.
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  20. ^ a b c "Abortion vote divided; another ballot today". Casper Star-Tribune. November 23, 1977. p. 1. Archived from the original on May 29, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  21. ^ "Hospital made $1.5 million profit in year just ended". Casper Star-Tribune. July 25, 1984. p. 3. Archived from the original on May 29, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
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  25. ^ "Honorary chairman". Casper Star-Tribune. March 31, 1986. p. 3. Archived from the original on May 30, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
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  32. ^ "Sullivan picks Sharratt to manage campaign". Casper Star-Tribune. September 4, 1986. p. 16. Archived from the original on May 30, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  33. ^ a b "Official election tally confirms winners". Casper Star-Tribune. November 13, 1986. p. 15. Archived from the original on May 30, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  34. ^ "Candidates report campaign spending". Casper Star-Tribune. November 18, 1986. p. 13. Archived from the original on May 30, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  35. ^ a b Roberts 2009, pp. 22.
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  37. ^ "Sullivan's election ends jinx". Casper Star-Tribune. November 9, 1986. p. 1. Archived from the original on May 30, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
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  41. ^ "Six-city tour kicks off Sullivan re-election bid". Casper Star-Tribune. May 2, 1990. p. 1. Archived from the original on June 1, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
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  44. ^ "GOP wants to limit office seekers prior to primary". Casper Star-Tribune. September 23, 1989. p. 15. Archived from the original on May 31, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  45. ^ "Message to GOP: Get behind Mead". Casper Star-Tribune. September 12, 1990. p. 8. Archived from the original on June 1, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  46. ^ "Mead, Sullivan use final debate to reemphasize familiar themes". Casper Star-Tribune. October 26, 1990. p. 1. Archived from the original on June 1, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  47. ^ "Simpson". Casper Star-Tribune. November 9, 1990. p. 12. Archived from the original on June 1, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  48. ^ "Proposals". Casper Star-Tribune. November 15, 1990. p. 14. Archived from the original on June 1, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  49. ^ "Mead outspent Sullivan by 2 to 1". Casper Star-Tribune. November 28, 1990. p. 1. Archived from the original on June 1, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  50. ^ "Sullivan's ax hits succession measure". Casper Star-Tribune. February 21, 1987. p. 5. Archived from the original on June 1, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
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  52. ^ "Legislature overrides veto of oil tax break". Casper Star-Tribune. February 27, 1991. p. 1. Archived from the original on June 6, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  53. ^ "Session one of mixed success for governor". Casper Star-Tribune. March 10, 1991. p. 1. Archived from the original on June 3, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
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  56. ^ "Cheyenne man sworn in as new judge". Casper Star-Tribune. July 16, 1987. p. 19. Archived from the original on May 29, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  57. ^ "New Supreme Court justice sworn in". Casper Star-Tribune. July 2, 1988. p. 15. Archived from the original on June 1, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  58. ^ "Judge Taylor has handled high-profile trials". Casper Star-Tribune. December 31, 1992. p. 11. Archived from the original on June 4, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  59. ^ "Lehman named to Wyo Supreme Court". Casper Star-Tribune. June 2, 1994. p. 1. Archived from the original on June 6, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  60. ^ "Orrison thinking about running for state auditor". Casper Star-Tribune. November 1, 1989. p. 11. Archived from the original on May 31, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  61. ^ Roberts 2009, pp. 26.
  62. ^ "Wyo, Oklahoma vie for appellate judge". Casper Star-Tribune. November 3, 1993. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
  63. ^ "Sullivan wins chairmanship of EDS board". Casper Star-Tribune. January 22, 1987. p. 1. Archived from the original on June 1, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  64. ^ "Sullivan will head state trade mission". Casper Star-Tribune. July 28, 1987. p. 1. Archived from the original on May 29, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  65. ^ "Wyoming's Taiwan trade office officially opened". Casper Star-Tribune. June 28, 1989. p. 15. Archived from the original on May 31, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  66. ^ "Sullivan named to NGA oversight panel". Casper Star-Tribune. August 11, 1987. p. 15. Archived from the original on May 31, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  67. ^ "Sullivan will chair governors' group". Casper Star-Tribune. July 23, 1991. p. 11. Archived from the original on June 3, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  68. ^ "Sullivan refuses national position". Casper Star-Tribune. December 10, 1991. p. 11. Archived from the original on June 3, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  69. ^ "Sullivan neutral for now on candidates". Casper Star-Tribune. February 9, 1988. p. 15. Archived from the original on May 30, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  70. ^ "Poll". Casper Star-Tribune. March 4, 1988. p. 12. Archived from the original on May 30, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  71. ^ "CAMPAIGN '88: 6 More Governors Join in Endorsing Dukakis". Los Angeles Times. May 7, 1988. Archived from the original on May 30, 2022.
  72. ^ "Sullivan endorses Sharratt for Congress". Casper Star-Tribune. May 1, 1988. p. 17. Archived from the original on May 30, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  73. ^ "Sullivan, Herschler endorse Vinich; Thomas rejects debate in final week". Casper Star-Tribune. April 1, 1989. p. 1. Archived from the original on May 31, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  74. ^ "Wyo leaders heap praise on Cheney". Casper Star-Tribune. March 11, 1989. p. 1. Archived from the original on May 31, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  75. ^ "Wyoming to open Democratic Leadership Council chapter". Casper Star-Tribune. April 11, 1991. p. 3. Archived from the original on June 3, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  76. ^ "Sullivan, Karpan endorse Clinton". Casper Star-Tribune. November 28, 1991. p. 13. Archived from the original on June 3, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  77. ^ "Poll". Casper Star-Tribune. October 4, 1992. p. 12. Archived from the original on June 4, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  78. ^ "Wyo politicos eye presidential selection". Casper Star-Tribune. February 20, 1992. p. 11. Archived from the original on June 3, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  79. ^ Roberts 2009, pp. 180.
  80. ^ "Sullivan says West will like Dukakis". Casper Star-Tribune. July 19, 1988. p. 15. Archived from the original on May 31, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  81. ^ "Sullivan looking for unity at Democratic convention". Casper Star-Tribune. July 11, 1992. p. 9. Archived from the original on June 4, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  82. ^ "Karpan says Sullivan plans makes governor run likely". Casper Star-Tribune. April 12, 1994. p. 9. Archived from the original on June 6, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  83. ^ "Sullivan jumps into Senate race". Casper Star-Tribune. April 12, 1994. p. 1. Archived from the original on June 6, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  84. ^ "Sullivan formally enters Senate race". Casper Star-Tribune. June 4, 1994. p. 13. Archived from the original on June 6, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  85. ^ "White House denies pledging a million dollars to Sullivan". Casper Star-Tribune. June 13, 1994. p. 1. Archived from the original on June 6, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  86. ^ "White House denies pledging a million dollars to Sullivan". The Billings Gazette. July 21, 1994. p. 14. Archived from the original on June 6, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  87. ^ "Sullivan and Karpan Letter". Casper Star-Tribune. November 2, 1994. p. 5. Archived from the original on June 6, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  88. ^ "No opponents". Casper Star-Tribune. August 14, 1994. p. 52. Archived from the original on June 6, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  89. ^ a b "1994 Democratic primary". Casper Star-Tribune. October 23, 1994. p. 8. Archived from the original on June 6, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  90. ^ a b "Clerk of the House of Representatives 1994 Election Results Page 45" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on May 25, 2017.
  91. ^ "An Open Letter to Wyoming Voters". Casper Star-Tribune. November 1, 1992. p. 36. Archived from the original on May 28, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  92. ^ "Clinton-Gore opens headquarters". Casper Star-Tribune. September 20, 1996. p. 12. Archived from the original on June 6, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  93. ^ "Sullivan considered for Vatican post". Casper Star-Tribune. April 15, 1997. p. 1. Archived from the original on June 6, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  94. ^ a b "Report: Sullivan tops Irish ambassador list". Casper Star-Tribune. June 11, 1998. p. 1. Archived from the original on June 6, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  95. ^ "Sullivan nominated U.S. ambassador to Ireland". Casper Star-Tribune. August 29, 1998. p. 1. Archived from the original on June 6, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  96. ^ "Other Wyo diplomats". Casper Star-Tribune. August 29, 1998. p. 8. Archived from the original on June 6, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  97. ^ "Sullivan sworn in today". Casper Star-Tribune. December 8, 1998. p. 16. Archived from the original on June 6, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  98. ^ Roberts 2009, pp. 176.
  99. ^ "Department of State Biography". Archived from the original on June 6, 2022.
  100. ^ "Resolution honors Sullivan". Casper Star-Tribune. February 14, 1999. p. 4. Archived from the original on June 6, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  101. ^ "Sullivan may be on short list". Casper Star-Tribune. December 29, 2000. p. 1. Archived from the original on June 6, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  102. ^ "Sullivan to head IENR". Casper Star-Tribune. February 1, 2002. p. 14. Archived from the original on June 6, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  103. ^ "Former Wyo governor receives UW honor". Casper Star-Tribune. November 7, 2007. p. 3. Archived from the original on June 6, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  104. ^ "Sullivan backs Freudenthal". Casper Star-Tribune. October 4, 2002. p. 16. Archived from the original on June 6, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  105. ^ "Dem camps rally in Wyo". Casper Star-Tribune. March 1, 2008. p. 1. Archived from the original on June 13, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
  106. ^ "Wyo's politicians choose candidates". Casper Star-Tribune. February 29, 2008. p. 2. Archived from the original on June 6, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  107. ^ "For Wyoming Democrats, voting for Cheney is another chance to vote against Trump". Casper Star-Tribune. July 17, 2022. Archived from the original on August 8, 2022.
  108. ^ "Sullivan supports oil import tax". Casper Star-Tribune. April 24, 1986. p. 7. Archived from the original on June 6, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  109. ^ "Oil state leaders offered little hope". Casper Star-Tribune. February 26, 1987. p. 17. Archived from the original on June 6, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  110. ^ "Sullivan opposes free trade pact". Casper Star-Tribune. November 24, 1987. p. 15. Archived from the original on May 30, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  111. ^ "Governors back U.S.-Canada trade pact". Casper Star-Tribune. February 24, 1988. p. 20. Archived from the original on May 30, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  112. ^ "Wyoming political players take unexpected sides on trade issue". Casper Star-Tribune. November 14, 1993. p. 29 – via Newspapers.com.
  113. ^ "Sullivan asks ICC to stop C&NW move". Casper Star-Tribune. July 29, 1986. p. 21. Archived from the original on June 6, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  114. ^ "State will bid for supercollider, Sullivan says". Casper Star-Tribune. April 18, 1987. p. 1. Archived from the original on May 29, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  115. ^ "Wyoming trails other states in SSC bidding". Casper Star-Tribune. April 21, 1987. p. 1. Archived from the original on May 29, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  116. ^ "Sullivan joins crowd trying to woo Amtrak". Casper Star-Tribune. December 29, 1989. p. 14. Archived from the original on June 1, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  117. ^ "Cellular phone service comes to Wyoming". Casper Star-Tribune. December 16, 1990. p. 24. Archived from the original on June 3, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  118. ^ "Western governors don't want region to become nation's nuclear waste site". Casper Star-Tribune. November 24, 1991. p. 1. Archived from the original on June 3, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  119. ^ "Sullivan: Gets high marks on finances". Casper Star-Tribune. February 6, 1992. p. 13. Archived from the original on June 6, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  120. ^ a b "Sullivan sounds like he's a candidate at convention". Casper Star-Tribune. March 9, 1986. p. 3. Archived from the original on June 6, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  121. ^ "Governor candidates support missile cuts". Casper Star-Tribune. October 19, 1986. p. 4. Archived from the original on June 6, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  122. ^ "Governor signs Gulf resolution". Casper Star-Tribune. January 29, 1991. p. 13. Archived from the original on June 3, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  123. ^ "Let court decide redistricting plans". The Jackson Hole Guide. February 12, 1992. p. 4. Archived from the original on June 6, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  124. ^ "Legislature pushes through final reapportionment bill". Casper Star-Tribune. February 15, 1992. p. 1. Archived from the original on June 6, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  125. ^ "Sullivan vetoes proposal". Casper Star-Tribune. February 18, 1992. p. 5. Archived from the original on June 6, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  126. ^ "GOP leaders charge governor with 'hardball partisanship'". Casper Star-Tribune. February 18, 1992. p. 1. Archived from the original on June 6, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  127. ^ "House upholds Sullivan's veto of reapportionment". Casper Star-Tribune. February 19, 1992. p. 1. Archived from the original on June 6, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  128. ^ "Governor signs reapportionment". Casper Star-Tribune. February 22, 1992. p. 1. Archived from the original on June 4, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  129. ^ "Sullivan vetoes appointment bill". Casper Star-Tribune. February 17, 1989. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
  130. ^ "Veto fight possible on HB 35". Casper Star-Tribune. February 18, 1993. p. 3. Archived from the original on June 6, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  131. ^ "Sullivan vetoes measure on filling state vacancies". Casper Star-Tribune. February 19, 1993. p. 1. Archived from the original on June 6, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  132. ^ "Legislature overrides veto on filling office vacancies". Casper Star-Tribune. February 25, 1993. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
  133. ^ "Past, present governors pan term limits proposals". Casper Star-Tribune. November 1, 1996. p. 13. Archived from the original on June 6, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  134. ^ "DHSS bill killed in committee". Casper Star-Tribune. February 19, 1987. p. 5. Archived from the original on June 6, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  135. ^ "Potential candidates vary on abortion issue". Casper Star-Tribune. October 22, 1989. p. 1. Archived from the original on May 31, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  136. ^ "Definition of Nontherapeutic abortion Share Cite Open Split View". Archived from the original on July 21, 2020.
  137. ^ "Abortion ruling supported". Casper Star-Tribune. November 24, 1977. p. 1. Archived from the original on June 6, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  138. ^ "Gubernatorial abortion". Casper Star-Tribune. July 12, 1986. p. 18. Archived from the original on June 6, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  139. ^ "National Organization for Women ratings". Casper Star-Tribune. August 14, 1990. p. 10. Archived from the original on June 6, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  140. ^ "Sullivan won't support abortion ban". Billings Gazette. June 27, 1994. p. 10. Archived from the original on June 6, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  141. ^ "Sullivan says he wouldn't order general drug testing". Casper Star-Tribune. September 17, 1986. p. 1. Archived from the original on June 6, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  142. ^ "Candidates disagree on school-age AIDS victims". Casper Star-Tribune. October 8, 1986. p. 1. Archived from the original on June 6, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  143. ^ "Marriage license bill vetoed by Sullivan". Casper Star-Tribune. March 5, 1987. p. 8. Archived from the original on June 6, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  144. ^ "Asbestos standards raise ire, questions of Wyo politicians". Casper Star-Tribune. November 19, 1989. p. 3. Archived from the original on May 31, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  145. ^ "Mead, Sullivan support death penalty". Casper Star-Tribune. September 14, 1990. p. 1. Archived from the original on June 1, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  146. ^ "Bomb victim's sister asks Sullivan to stop Hopkinson execution". Casper Star-Tribune. September 11, 1990. p. 13. Archived from the original on June 1, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  147. ^ "Munker optimistic Sullivan will delay Hopkinson execution". Casper Star-Tribune. September 12, 1990. p. 1. Archived from the original on June 1, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  148. ^ "Spence opposes Hopkinson execution". Casper Star-Tribune. September 18, 1990. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
  149. ^ "Groups seek clemency for death-row inmate". Casper Star-Tribune. January 8, 1992. p. 13. Archived from the original on June 3, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  150. ^ "Sullivan won't grant Hopkinson clemency". Casper Star-Tribune. January 9, 1992. p. 11. Archived from the original on June 6, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  151. ^ "Sullivan: Would talk to Mother Theresa, but won't initiate call". Casper Star-Tribune. September 21, 1990. p. 1. Archived from the original on June 1, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  152. ^ "Mark Hopkinson executed at pen". Casper Star-Tribune. January 22, 1992. p. 1. Archived from the original on June 3, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  153. ^ "Hopkinson maintains innocence to the end". Casper Star-Tribune. January 23, 1992. p. 1. Archived from the original on June 3, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  154. ^ "Wyoming". Death Penalty Information Center. Archived from the original on June 6, 2022.
  155. ^ "Sullivan backs 21 drinking age". Casper Star-Tribune. February 17, 1988. p. 1. Archived from the original on May 30, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  156. ^ "Sullivan signs drinking age bill". Casper Star-Tribune. March 12, 1988. p. 1. Archived from the original on May 30, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  157. ^ "New drinking age bill a silly waste of time". Jackson Hole Guide. January 4, 1989. p. 4. Archived from the original on May 31, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  158. ^ "Study: higher drinking age reduces deaths". Jackson Hole Guide. January 18, 1989. p. 10. Archived from the original on May 31, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  159. ^ "Sullivan: Gambling not for Wyoming". Casper Star-Tribune. April 27, 1993. p. 9 – via Newspapers.com.
  160. ^ "Sullivan: No reason to make gambling legal in Wyoming". Casper Star-Tribune. May 21, 1993. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
  161. ^ "Sullivan says opposed to 'minority' holiday". Casper Star-Tribune. February 1, 1989. p. 4. Archived from the original on May 31, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  162. ^ "Full House rejects King holiday bill". Casper Star-Tribune. February 21, 1989. p. 4. Archived from the original on June 6, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  163. ^ "Honoring Martin Luther King, Jr./Wyoming Equality Day". American Heritage Center. January 17, 2022. Archived from the original on February 19, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  164. ^ "Sullivan designates King holiday". Casper Star-Tribune. April 18, 1989. p. 1. Archived from the original on May 31, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  165. ^ "Governor signs King-Equality Day bill into law". Casper Star-Tribune. March 16, 1990. p. 4. Archived from the original on June 1, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  166. ^ "Both Simpson, Sullivan pledge no tax increases". Casper Star-Tribune. September 12, 1986. p. 1. Archived from the original on June 6, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  167. ^ "Senate passes coal tax cut". Casper Star-Tribune. February 14, 1987. p. 1. Archived from the original on June 6, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  168. ^ "Sullivan proposal to tax cigarettes and booze bothers liquor association boss". Jackson Hole News. November 25, 1987. p. 34. Archived from the original on May 30, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  169. ^ "Liquor association opposes sin taxes". Casper Star-Tribune. November 25, 1987. p. 18. Archived from the original on May 30, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  170. ^ "Fanos attacks Sullivan, says leadership lacking". Casper Star-Tribune. February 26, 1992. p. 4. Archived from the original on June 6, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  171. ^ "Sullivan signs budget bill". Casper Star-Tribune. March 16, 1994. p. 1. Archived from the original on June 6, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  172. ^ "Senate follows House, overrides two vetoes". Casper Star-Tribune. March 18, 1994. p. 3. Archived from the original on June 6, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  173. ^ "Sullivan, delegate criticize tax report". Casper Star-Tribune. May 16, 1991. p. 1. Archived from the original on June 3, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  174. ^ Roberts 2009, pp. 16.

General references

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Wikiquote has quotations related to Mike Sullivan (Wyoming politician).
Party political offices
Preceded by Democratic nominee for Governor of Wyoming
1986, 1990 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Democratic nominee for U.S. Senator from Wyoming
(Class 1)
1994 		Succeeded by
Mel Logan
Political offices
Preceded by Governor of Wyoming
January 5, 1987 –January 2, 1995 		Succeeded by
Diplomatic posts
Preceded by United States Ambassador to Ireland
October 22, 1998 – June 20, 2001 		Succeeded by
U.S. order of precedence (ceremonial)
Preceded byas Former US Senator Order of precedence of the United States
Within Wyoming 		Succeeded byas Former Governor
Preceded byas Former Governor Order of precedence of the United States
Outside Wyoming
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