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National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics

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National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics
AbbreviationNAIA
Formation1940; 84 years ago (1940)
Legal statusAssociation
Headquarters120 W. 12th Street, Suite 700
Kansas City, Missouri 64105[1]
Region served
United States, Canada, and U.S. Virgin Islands
Membership241
President
Jim Carr[2]
Lynn Parman
Main organ
NAIA Council of Presidents
Websitenaia.org

The National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) established in 1940, is a college athletics association for colleges and universities in North America. Most colleges and universities in the NAIA offer athletic scholarships to their student athletes. Around $1.3 billion in athletic scholarship financial aid is awarded to student athletes annually.

For the 2023–24 season, it had 241 member institutions,[3] of which two are in British Columbia, one in the U.S. Virgin Islands, and the rest in the continental United States, with over 83,000 student-athletes participating.[4] The NAIA, whose headquarters is in Kansas City, Missouri,[5] sponsors 28 national championships. CBS Sports Network, formerly called CSTV, serves as the national media outlet for the NAIA.[6] In 2014, ESPNU began carrying the NAIA Football National Championship.

History

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In 1937, James Naismith and local leaders, including George Goldman and Emil Liston, staged the first National College Basketball Tournament at Municipal Auditorium in Kansas City, Missouri, of which Goldman was director, one year before the first National Invitation Tournament and two years before the first NCAA tournament. The goal of the tournament was to establish a forum for small colleges and universities to determine a national basketball champion. The original eight-team tournament expanded to 32 teams in 1938. On March 10, 1940, the National Association for Intercollegiate Basketball (NAIB) was formed in Kansas City, Missouri.

In 1952, the NAIB was transformed into the NAIA, and with that came the sponsorship of additional sports such as men's golf, tennis and outdoor track and field.[7] Football in the NAIA was split into two divisions in 1970, based on enrollment (Divisions I and II); it was consolidated back into a single division in 1997.

African-American participation

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The 1948 NAIB national tournament was the first intercollegiate postseason to feature a Black student-athlete, Clarence Walker of Indiana State under coach John Wooden. Wooden had withdrawn from the 1947 tournament because the NAIB would not allow Walker to play.[8]

The association furthered its commitment to African-American athletes when, in 1953, it became the first collegiate association to invite historically black colleges and universities into its membership. In 1957, Tennessee A&I (now Tennessee State) became the first historically Black institution to win a collegiate basketball national championship. In 1959, Southern University became the first HBCU to win the NAIA Baseball championship.[9]

Transgender participation

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In 2024, NAIA instituted a ban on transgender men who have begun transgender hormone therapy and all transgender women from competing in women’s sports, with the exception of cheerleading and dance.[10][11]

Female participation

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The NAIA began sponsoring intercollegiate championships for women in 1980, the second coed national athletics association to do so, offering collegiate athletics championships to women in basketball, cross country, gymnastics, indoor and outdoor track and field, softball, swimming and diving, tennis and volleyball. The National Junior College Athletic Association had established a women's division in the spring of 1975 and held the first women's national championship volleyball tournament that fall.

In 1997, Liz Heaston became the first female college athlete to play and score in a college football game when she kicked two extra points during the 1997 Linfield vs. Willamette football game.[12]

Champions of Character

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Launched in 2000 by the NAIA, the Champions of Character program promotes character and sportsmanship through athletics. The Champions of Character conducts clinics and has developed an online training course to educate athletes, coaches, and athletic administrators with the skills necessary to promote character development in the context of sport.

Eligibility Center

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In 2010, the association opened the NAIA Eligibility Center, where prospective student-athletes are evaluated for academic and athletic eligibility.[13]

Other firsts

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Membership – The NAIA was the first association to admit colleges and universities from outside the United States. The NAIA began admitting Canadian members in 1967.

Football – The NAIA was the first association to send a football team to Europe to play. In the summer of 1976, the NAIA sent Henderson State and Texas A&I to play 5 exhibition games in West Berlin, Vienna, Nuremberg, Mannheim and Paris.[14]

Flag football – In May 2020, the NAIA, in partnership with the National Football League (NFL), announced the addition of flag football as a varsity sport for female student-athletes. The NAIA became the first collegiate governing body to sanction the sport at the varsity level. Women's flag began during the 2021 season as an emerging sport with about 15 teams.[15]

Name, image, and likeness reform — In October 2020, the NAIA passed legislation that allows student-athletes at its member institutions to be compensated for the use of their name, image, and likeness (NIL). According to an NAIA press release, student-athletes can now "receive compensation for promoting any commercial product, enterprise, or for any public or media appearance", and can also "reference their intercollegiate athletic participation in such promotions or appearances."[16] The NAIA had allowed student-athletes to receive NIL compensation since 2014, but had not previously allowed them to reference their status as such.[17] The NAIA was several years ahead of the NCAA in NIL reform; the NCAA did not adopt NIL reform until 2021, after its hand was forced by multiple states passing legislation to allow student-athletes to receive such compensation, most notably California.[18] In December 2020, Chloe Mitchell, a volleyball player at NAIA member Aquinas College who at the time had more than 2 million followers on TikTok with a series of do-it-yourself home improvement videos, became the first college student-athlete known to have profited from an endorsement under the current rules.[18]

Championship sports

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The NAIA sponsors 16 sports in which it conducts 28 annual championships (13 for men, 13 for women, 2 co-ed). The NAIA recognizes three levels of competitions: "emerging" (15 or more institutions sponsoring as varsity and declared), "invitational" (25 or more institutions sponsoring as varsity and declared for postseason, Approval of the National Administrative Council), and "championship" (40 or more institutions sponsoring as varsity, Minimum of two Invitationals held, Approval of the National Administrative Council).[19] The association conducts, or has conducted in the past, championship tournaments in the following sports (year established).[20]

Basketball championships

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The NAIA men's basketball championship is the longest-running collegiate national championship of any sport in the United States. The tournament was the brainchild of Dr. James Naismith, creator of the game of basketball; Emil Liston, athletic director at Baker University; and Frank Cramer, founder of Cramer Athletic Products.

The event began in 1937 with the inaugural tournament at Municipal Auditorium in Kansas City, Missouri. The 2017 men's championship marked the 80th edition of what has been tabbed College Basketball's Toughest Tournament. The tournament has awarded the Chuck Taylor Most Valuable Player award since 1939, as well as the Charles Stevenson Hustle Award ("Charlie Hustle"), which was the basis for Pete Rose's nickname, given to him by Whitey Ford. From 1992 to 2020, basketball was the only NAIA sport in which the organization's member institutions were aligned into divisions.

Effective with the 2020–21 academic year, the NAIA returned to a single division for both men's and women's basketball.[21]

Other championship sports

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Discontinued championships

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Conferences

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The NAIA has 21 member conferences, including 9 that sponsor football. Member institutions that are not a part of any of these conferences play in the Continental Athletic Conference, formerly the Association of Independent Institutions.

List of conferences

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See also: List of NAIA conferences

*- Denotes that the conference sponsors football.

†- Denotes a football-only conference.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "NAIA Staff Directory". Naia.org. Retrieved April 17, 2023.
  2. ^ Staff Directory at NARA.org, 12 Oct 2022
  3. ^ "2023-24 NAIA Member Institutions" (PDF). National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics. Retrieved January 28, 2022.
  4. ^ "NAIA Member Schools". NAIA. Retrieved January 5, 2019.
  5. ^ "NAIA Headquarters Relocating to Downtown Kansas City, Mo". NAIA. June 27, 2007. Archived from the original on August 14, 2008. Retrieved December 23, 2017.
  6. ^ "NAIA and CBS College Sports Network Agree to Broadcast Deal". NAIA. October 14, 2008. Archived from the original on April 8, 2009. Retrieved December 23, 2017.
  7. ^ "NAIA History". NAIA Hoops. Archived from the original on November 21, 2011. Retrieved December 23, 2017.
  8. ^ Keefer, Zak (March 16, 2017). "Indiana basketball player broke racial barrier, changed game forever". Indianapolis Star. Retrieved January 5, 2019.
  9. ^ "Southern pays homage to 1959 baseball team — a squad that won a national championship". The Advocate. March 21, 2019.
  10. ^ "NAIA all but bans transgender athletes from women's sports. NCAA vows to ensure 'fair competition". AP.
  11. ^ "NAIA, small colleges association, bans transgender athletes from women's sports competitions". CBS.
  12. ^ "Woman Kicks Extra Points". The New York Times. October 20, 1997. Retrieved April 20, 2011.
  13. ^ "About the NAIA". NAIA. April 11, 2016.
  14. ^ Deckelbaum, Kyle (10 November 2015). "From Arkadelphia to Europe: the trip that transformed football". KATV. Retrieved December 23, 2017.
  15. ^ Kerkhoff, Blair (May 4, 2020). "With NFL's backing, women's college flag football will debut at NAIA schools in 2021". The Kansas City Star. Retrieved May 5, 2020.
  16. ^ "NAIA Passes Landmark Name, Image and Likeness Legislation" (Press release). National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics. October 6, 2020. Retrieved March 11, 2021.
  17. ^ "Name, Image and Likeness FAQs" (PDF). National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics. September 14, 2020. Retrieved March 11, 2021.
  18. ^ a b Hale, David M. (March 8, 2021). "Social media stardom: How changes to NIL will benefit athlete-influencers across the NCAA". ESPN.com. Retrieved March 11, 2021.
  19. ^ "NAIA EMERGING SPORTS" (PDF). National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 22, 2014. Retrieved December 22, 2014.
  20. ^ "NAIA History". Archived from the original on June 21, 2006.
  21. ^ "NAIA to Combine Basketball Divisions" (Press release). NAIA. April 16, 2018. Retrieved April 20, 2018.
  22. ^ "Beach Volleyball Named Emerging Sport at NAIA Convention". NAIA. April 12, 2019. Retrieved February 25, 2020.
  23. ^ Saab, Jennifer (April 14, 2018). "NAIA Grants Invitational Status to Women's Wrestling". NAIA. Retrieved February 25, 2020.
  24. ^ "NAIA to sponsor women's flag football with NFL partnership". ESPN. AP. May 4, 2020. Retrieved May 5, 2020.
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