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Louis, Prince of Hesse and by Rhine

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Ludwig
Prince of Hesse and by Rhine
Louis in the 1920s
Head of the House of Hesse-Darmstadt
Tenure16 November 1937 – 6 June 1968
PredecessorGeorg Donatus, Hereditary Grand Duke of Hesse
SuccessorPhilip, Landgrave of Hesse (as Head of the House of Hesse)
Born(1908-11-20)20 November 1908
Darmstadt, German Empire
Died20 May 1968(1968-05-20) (aged 59)
Frankfurt, West Germany
Burial6 June 1968
Neues Mausoleum, Park Rosenhöhe, Darmstadt, Hesse, Germany
Spouse
​
​
(m. 1937)​
Names
Ludwig Hermann Alexander Chlodwig
HouseHesse-Darmstadt
FatherErnest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse
MotherPrincess Eleonore of Solms-Hohensolms-Lich
Grand Ducal Family of
Hesse and by Rhine
Ernest Louis
Children
Princess Elisabeth
Hereditary Grand Duke Georg Donatus
Prince Louis
Grandchildren
Prince Ludwig
Prince Alexander
Princess Johanna
Unnamed boy

Louis, Prince of Hesse and by Rhine (Ludwig Hermann Alexander Chlodwig, 20 November 1908 – 30 May 1968) was the youngest son of Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse by his second wife, Princess Eleonore of Solms-Hohensolms-Lich. He was a great-grandson of Queen Victoria.

Early life

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He succeeded his brother Georg Donatus, the last Hereditary Grand Duke of Hesse, as head of the formerly grand ducal House of Hesse-Darmstadt after Georg Donatus' premature death. Louis married Margaret Campbell Geddes in 1937 (whom he first met at the 1936 Winter Olympics in Garmisch-Partenkirchen), daughter of Sir Auckland Campbell Geddes (1st Baron Geddes in 1942), on the day after the Sabena OO-AUB Ostend crash, in which his mother, brother, sister-in-law, and nephews were all killed on the way to the wedding. They had no issue. After the death of his older brother, he adopted his niece Johanna,[1][2][3] but the little girl died from meningitis in 1939.[4]

Louis studied archeology and art history and became attaché at the German Embassy in London.[5] During World War II, Louis was drafted into military service. Soon after, however, he was eliminated from the Wehrmacht along with other members of formerly ruling houses, because of “political unreliability” according to the Prinzenerlass, although he had joined the Nazi Party as a precaution to protect his position and property.[6] He then withdrew to his estate Schloss Wolfsgarten near Frankfurt with his wife, who aroused suspicion because of her British origins.[7] They made Wolfsgarten available as a military hospital of the German Red Cross during the Second World War. Louis and his wife took care of the younger children of Philipp, Landgrave of Hesse, after the latter had been arrested first by the Nazis and then by U.S. forces while his wife Mafalda had died in the Buchenwald concentration camp after it was bombed by the Allies.[8]

After the end of World War II, the couple got involved in the reconstruction of Darmstadt, in art, museums and charitable institutions such as the Alice Hospital, the Eleonora Home and the German Red Cross on whose board Margaret was a member for two decades from 1958.[9]

His sister-in-law Cecilie of Hesse, Princess of Greece and Denmark who had died in the plane crash was a sister of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. As a result, a close friendship developed between the royal couple, Elizabeth II and her husband Philip, and the Hessians.[10] They are credited with helping the British royal family reestablish connections with their German relations after World War II.[11] The royal couple paid a visit to Louis (called Lu) and Margaret (called Peg) at their home in Wolfsgarten on 20 May 1965.[12]

As a lover of classical music, he promoted the Ansbach Festival and the Aldeburgh Festival. He translated texts for his friend Benjamin Britten (1913–76) and had the English composer come to Wolfsgarten, where parts of his opera Death in Venice, published in 1973, were written. He introduced Britten to the poetry of Friedrich Hölderlin (1770–1843). Britten dedicated his 1958 song cycle Sechs Hölderlin-Fragmente to the Prince.[13]

In 1964, he stood as godfather to Prince Edward. In 1960, Prince Louis adopted his distant cousin, Moritz, Landgrave of Hesse.[14][15] With the death of Prince Louis in Frankfurt in 1968, he was succeeded by Moritz's father, Philipp, Landgrave of Hesse (d. 1980) as head of the house. Moritz (d. 2013) in turn was succeeded by his son, Donatus (b. 1966).

Ancestry

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References

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  1. ^ Farah, Michael (November 10, 2020). Children Of The Empire. Troubador Publishing Limited. p. 83. ISBN 9781800468078.
  2. ^ Like some former German realms of the Holy Roman Empire, the succession in Hessian lands was semi-Salic (reiterated through the Constitution of 1820), with the nearest female kinswoman of the last male inheriting the crown upon extinction of the dynasty – of Hesse-Darmstadt – in the male line. Princess Johanna was until her premature death the nominal heiress of the Grand Ducal House of Hesse and by Rhine.
  3. ^ Velde, Francois. "Succession laws of Hesse". Heraldica.org. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
  4. ^ Cope, Rebecca (12 April 2021). "Who are Prince Philip's German relatives?". Tatler. Retrieved 11 March 2024.
  5. ^ "Fifty years ago, Ludwig, Prince of Hesse and the Rhine, died". Wiesbadener Kurier (in German). 26 May 2018.
  6. ^ Louis joined the NSDAP on May 1, 1937 (membership number 5,900,506).
  7. ^ Manfred Knodt: Die Regenten von Hessen-Darmstadt (The regents of Hesse-Darmstadt), Darmstadt, publisher: Schlapp, 1977, p.160-161.
  8. ^ Jonathan Petropoulos (2006), Royals and the Reich: The Princes von Hessen in Nazi Germany, Oxford University Press, p. 325.
  9. ^ Manfred Knodt: Die Regenten von Hessen-Darmstadt (The regents of Hesse-Darmstadt), Darmstadt, publisher: Schlapp, 1977, p. 163.
  10. ^ Doughty, Eleanor (17 April 2021). "The historic family ties that prompted the Queen to invite German royalty to Prince Philip's funeral". The Telegraph. Retrieved 11 March 2024.
  11. ^ Mansel, Philip (30 January 1997). "Obituary: Princess Margaret of Hesse and the Rhine", The Independent. Retrieved 11 March 2024.
  12. ^ "Visit by Elizabeth II and Prince Philip to Wolfsgarten Castle". Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek (in German). 20 May 1965. Retrieved 11 March 2024.
  13. ^ Carpenter, Humphrey (1992). Benjamin Britten: A Biography. London: Faber and Faber. p. 388. ISBN 0-571-14324-5.
  14. ^ Urbach, Karina (2008). Royal Kinship. Anglo-German Family Networks 1815-1918. Walter de Gruyter. p. 148. ISBN 9783598441233. Retrieved 5 December 2022. The first two branches united in 1997 of the result of the last prince and princess of Hesse-Darmstadt, who were childless, adopting the current head of the House of Hesse-Cassel, Landgrave Moritz. This took place in 1960, and the death of Margaret ("Peg") von Hessen-Darmstadt in 1997 (Ludwig died in 1968) left Landgrave Moritz as the head of both houses.
  15. ^ "Moritz Landgraf von Hessen". www.darmstadt-stadtlexikon.de. Retrieved 3 September 2022.
Louis, Prince of Hesse and by Rhine
Born: 20 November 1908 Died: 30 May 1968
Titles in pretence
Preceded by — TITULAR —
Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine
1937–1968
Reason for succession failure:
Grand Duchy abolished in 1918 		Succeeded by
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