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Tegal

Coordinates: 06°52′03″S 109°08′15″E / 6.86750°S 109.13750°E / -6.86750; 109.13750
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(Redirected from Tegal (city))
For other uses, see Tegal (disambiguation).
Tegal
City
City of Tegal
Kota Tegal
Other transcription(s)
 • Hanacarakaꦡꦼꦒꦭ꧀
 • Pegonتٓڮال‎
  • Bahari Monument
  • Tegal Railway station
  • A monument to Yos Sudarso
  • Birao building
Flag of Tegal
Flag
Coat of arms of Tegal
Coat of arms
Nickname: 
Kota Bahari (lit. 'Maritime City')
Location within Central Java
Location within Central Java
Tegal is located in Java
Tegal
Tegal
Location in Java and Indonesia
Tegal is located in Indonesia
Tegal
Tegal
Tegal (Indonesia)
Coordinates: 06°52′03″S 109°08′15″E / 6.86750°S 109.13750°E / -6.86750; 109.13750
Country Indonesia
RegionJava
Province Central Java
Government
 • MayorDedy Yon Supriyono
 • Vice MayorMuhamad Jumadi
Area
 • City
39.26 km2 (15.16 sq mi)
 • Metro
502.70 km2 (194.09 sq mi)
Population
 (start of 2024 estimate)
 • City
293,818
 • Density7,500/km2 (19,000/sq mi)
 • Metro
1,635,042
 • Metro density3,300/km2 (8,400/sq mi)
 [1]
Time zoneUTC+7 (Indonesia Western Time)
Area code(+62) 283
Websitetegalkota.go.id

Tegal is a city in the northwest part of Central Java of Indonesia. It is situated on the north coast (or pesisir) of the province of Central Java, about 175 km (109 mi) from Semarang, the capital of the province. It had a population of 239,599 at the 2010 Census[2] and 273,825 at the 2020 Census;[3] the official estimate as of the start of 2024 was 293,818.[1]

The city is administratively separate from Tegal Regency, which borders it to the south and east; Brebes Regency borders it to the west. Its built-up (or metro) area made up of Tegal Municipality and 12 districts spread over Tegal and Brebes Regencies was home to 1,410,124 inhabitants as at the 2010 census[2] and 1,602,546 at the 2020 Census;[3] the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 1,635,042.[4]

The Dutch East Indies colonial sugar industry originated in Tegal and the nearby city of Pekalongan, approximately 50 km (31 mi) to the east. Tegal Regency remained a major sugar production center until the mid-20th century.[5] The city served as a port for exporting sugar produced on the nearby plantations. Tegal is famous for its warung, commonly called "warteg" or warung tegal. It is also known for its tea products, such as teh botol Sosro, Tong Tji tea, 2 Tang tea, Gopek tea, and other brands.

History

[edit]
Aerial view of Tegal (date unknown)
Aerial view of Pagongan sugar factory (ca.1928-40)

The city of Tegal developed from a small village called Tetegual. The modernization of the village began in the early 1530s, and it eventually became part of the Pekalongan Regency, which admitted the existence of[clarification needed] the Pajang Empire in Central Java. The Pajang Empire was the successor of the Sultanate of Demak.

The city was founded by Ki Gede Sebayu. Together with the local people, he aspired to increase the region's agriculture, exploiting its fertile soil. Because of his efforts to develop the region, he became the high leader and the symbol of the city. His coronation as leader was held simultaneously with a traditional festival celebrating a rich agricultural harvest. By district ordinance no. 5/1988, 28 July is the anniversary of the city of Tegal.

In the 1920s, the city was a center of activism for the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI), and the radical leaders of the Tegal branch of the PKI were among the instigators of the 1926 rebellion that led to the temporary destruction of that party.[6]

On 8 October 1945, an anti-feudalism movement called Gerakan Tiga Daerah ("Three Regions Movement") was established in Tegal, Pekalongan, and Brebes. Its goal was to replace the blue-blood regents (related to the kings of Yogyakarta and Surakarta) with ordinary people. According to the leaders of this movement, the old regents cooperated with the Japanese during World War II and sent people to Japanese slave labor camps. The main leader of Gerakan Tiga Daerah was Sarjiyo, who became the new regent of Pekalongan. Others were Kutil, K. Mijaya and Ir. Sakirman. Ir Sakirman was the local leader of the PKI. The government of the Republic of Indonesia in Yogyakarta opposed Gerakan Tiga Daerah and declared it illegal.

Gerakan Tiga Daerah had the old regents arrested, stripped naked, and dragged into prison. Other government officials and police officers were kidnapped and massacred at Talang Bridge. The Gerakan Tiga Daerah also provoked a racial riot against ethnic Chinese in Brebes. On 4 November 1945, the movement attacked the Indonesian army headquarters and the regent office in Pekalongan. The rebels were defeated by the Indonesian army in a fierce battle on 21 December 1945, and most of their leaders were arrested and imprisoned. This rebellion is called the Three Regions Affair.

During the unrest following the resignation of President Suharto in 1998, Tegal was the site of extensive protests and occasional violence against local government officials, especially in June 1998.

Tegal has faced issues relating to political corruption. In the late 2010s, two consecutive mayors of the city - Ikmal Jaya and Siti Masitha Soeparno - were both arrested by the Corruption Eradication Commission and convicted.[7]

Administrative division

[edit]
Administration of Tegal City.

Tegal Town Hall as the administrative center of Tegal City originally occupied the Resident Building on Jl. The young man who is now used for the Parliament Building Tegal City. But since 1985, the center of government moved to Pendopo Ki Gede Sebayu former Pendopo Tegal regency, in the area of Alun-alun Mangkukusuman. Colonel Laut (Ret.) Adi Winarso, S. Sos is Tegal's first son who served as mayor for two periods, 1999 - 2004 and 2004 - 2009 through an indirect election. The year 2008 marked a new history of the leadership of Tegal City, because in that year also for the first time, a mayor and deputy mayor were directly elected by the people of Tegal City. As a result, Ikmal Jaya, SE Ak, and Ali Zainal Abidin, SE won the election. They were inaugurated on 23 March 2009, by the Governor of Central Java, Bibit Waluyo. Tegal City is divided into 4 districts (kecamatan) and sub-divided into 27 administrative villages (kelurahan). The districts are listed below with their areas and their populations at the 2010[2] and 2020[3] Censuses, together with the official estimates as at the start of 2024:[1]

Kode
Wilayah 		Name of
District
(kecamatan) 		Area
in
km2 		Pop'n
Census
2010 		Pop'n
Census
2020 		Pop'n
Estimate
2024 		No
of
kelurahan
33.76.03 Tegal Selatan (South Tegal) [8] 6.38 57,592 67,207 72,232 8
33.76.02 Tegal Timur (East Tegal) [9] 7.26 74,106 80,707 87,664 5
33.76.01 Tegal Barat (West Tegal) [10] 12.32 62,464 66,924 70,386 7
33.76.04 Margadana [11] 13.30 45,437 58,987 63,536 7

The names of the component villages (kelurahan), together with their areas, their official estimates of population as at the start of 2024[1] and their postcodes, are as follows:

Districts Kode
Wilayah 		Kelurahan Area
in km2 		Pop'n
2024 		Post
code
West Tegal 33.76.01.1001 Pesurungan Kidul 1.04 6,389 52117
33.76.01.1002 Debong Lor 0.49 4,627 52115
33.76.01.1003 Kemandungan 0.52 3,853 52114
33.76.01.1004 Pekauman 1.02 7,832 52125
33.76.01.1005 Kraton 1.20 15,907 52112
33.76.01.1006 Tegalsari 2.45 23,544 52111
33.76.01.1007 Muarareja 5.60 8,234 52117
East Tegal 33.76.02.1001 Kejambon 0.86 13,945 52124
33.76.02.1002 Slerok 1.41 19,237 52125
33.76.02.1003 Pangung 2.76 32,295 52122
33.76.02.1004 Mangkukusuman 0.46 5,500 52123
33.76.02.1005 Mintaragen 1.77 16,687 52121
South Tegal 33.76.03.1001 Kalinyamat Wetan 0.82 5,968 52136
33.76.03.1002 Bandung 0.68 7,002 52137
33.76.03.1003 Debong Kidul 0.43 6,264 52138
33.76.03.1004 Tunon 0.51 7,413 52135
33.76.03.1005 Keturen 0.77 5,491 52134
33.76.03.1006 Debong Kulon 0.87 5,795 52133
33.76.03.1007 Debong Tengah 0.90 14,708 52132
33.76.03.1008 Randugunting 1.39 19,591 52131
Margadana 33.76.04.1001 Kaligangsa 3.09 12,221 52147
33.76.04.1002 Krandon 1.50 6,868 52146
33.76.04.1003 Cabawan 1.50 6,566 52147
33.76.04.1004 Kalinyamat Kulon 1.70 17,169 52144
33.76.04.1005 Margadana 2.74 6,489 52143
33.76.04.1006 Sumurpanggang 1.06 8,094 52141
33.76.04.1007 Pesurungan Lor 1.71 6,139 52147

Geography

[edit]

Tegal City is located on the north coast road (pantura) of Central Java, located 165 km west of Semarang City or 329 km east of Jakarta, and lies between 109 ° 08 '- 109 ° 10' East Longitude and 6 ° 50 '- 6 ° 53' South latitude, with an area of 39.14 km2 or approximately 3,914 hectares. Tegal City is located in the Pantura region, from the orientation map of Central Java Province located in the Western Region, with the farthest spans north to south 6.7 km and west to east 9.7 km. Seen from a geographical location, Tegal's position is very strategic as a liaison of cross-national and regional economic paths in Pantura region that is from west to east (Jakarta-Tegal-Semarang-Surabaya) with middle and south area Pulai Jawaa (Jakarta-Tegal-Purwokerto-Yogyakarta- Surabaya) and vice versa.

The built-up area of Tegal stretches south far beyond the administrative border, in particular to include the districts of Adiwerna,[12] Dukuhturi[13] and Talang[14] in Tegal Regency, which together cover 62.62 km2 with a combined population in mid 2023 of 355,343 (i.e. more than the municipal population of the city itself).

Name of part of
metropolitan
area		 Area
in
km2		 Pop'n
census
2010		 Pop'n
census
2020		 Pop'n
estimate
mid 2023
Tegal city 39.14 239,599 273,825 262,781
Tegal Regency
(part (a))		 259.60 789,845 897,222 927,590
Brebes Regency
(part (b))		 203.96 380,680 431,499 444,671
Totals 502.70 1,410,124 1,602,546 1,635,042

Notes: (a) the 9 districts of Lebaksiu, Pangkah, Slawi, Dukuhwaru, Adiwerna, Dukuhturi, Talang, Tarub and Kramat. (b) the 3 districts of Brebes, Jatibarang and Wanasari.

Climate

[edit]

Tegal has a tropical monsoon climate (Am) with moderate to little rainfall from June to October and heavy to very heavy rainfall from November to May.

Climate data for Tegal (1991–2020 normals)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 30.6
(87.1) 		30.6
(87.1) 		31.5
(88.7) 		31.9
(89.4) 		32.1
(89.8) 		31.8
(89.2) 		31.7
(89.1) 		31.5
(88.7) 		32.3
(90.1) 		32.4
(90.3) 		32.2
(90.0) 		31.7
(89.1) 		31.7
(89.1)
Daily mean °C (°F) 27.3
(81.1) 		27.1
(80.8) 		27.6
(81.7) 		28.2
(82.8) 		28.3
(82.9) 		27.8
(82.0) 		27.1
(80.8) 		27.1
(80.8) 		27.7
(81.9) 		28.3
(82.9) 		28.2
(82.8) 		27.7
(81.9) 		27.7
(81.9)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 25.0
(77.0) 		24.8
(76.6) 		25.1
(77.2) 		25.5
(77.9) 		25.3
(77.5) 		24.5
(76.1) 		23.6
(74.5) 		23.6
(74.5) 		24.3
(75.7) 		25.3
(77.5) 		25.4
(77.7) 		25.3
(77.5) 		24.8
(76.6)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 323.6
(12.74) 		342.2
(13.47) 		254.5
(10.02) 		154.1
(6.07) 		99.2
(3.91) 		74.3
(2.93) 		42.8
(1.69) 		25.3
(1.00) 		31.6
(1.24) 		48.1
(1.89) 		119.0
(4.69) 		258.7
(10.19) 		1,773.4
(69.84)
Average precipitation days 18.5 16.9 14.4 10.7 7.3 4.6 4.0 2.2 2.1 4.5 8.5 15.4 109.1
Mean monthly sunshine hours 129.8 131.5 173.2 185.9 224.8 220.7 237.2 256.5 249.96 234.1 163.9 146.3 2,353.86
Source: Starlings Roost Weather[15]

Economy

[edit]

Trade and services are the main sectors of the economy of Tegal City. The city became the final processing and marketing of various products from the western part of Central Java. Small and medium enterprises are quite rapid progress is the home metal industry in the area of Jl. Cempaka, and Tegalan batik handicrafts in Kalinyamat Village. To support the economic pulse, the city government of Tegal has built the Center for Promotion and Business Information (PPIB).

Language

[edit]

Tegal[16] has its own language, known as Bahasa Tegal. The Tegal language has a resemblance to the language of Banyumas ("ngapak") that is in the vocabulary. However, people in Tegal are reluctant to use ngapak as a term of the language, due to their dialectical difference. People using the Tegal language include the northern part of the Tegal Regency, Tegal City, the western part of the Pemalang Regency, and the eastern part of the Brebes Regency. The first Tegal language Congress was held by the Tegal City government on 4 April 2006, at the Bahari Inn Hotel. The event which was initiated by Yono Daryono presented several figures such as SN Ratmana (cerpenis), Ki Enthus Susmono (dalang Tegal), Eko Tunas (Tegal poet), Dwi Ery Santoso (Poetry and Director). The purpose of the congress was to raise the status of the Tegalan dialect into the Tegal language. Some Indonesian comedians speak it because its accent and dialect arouse amusement. One example is the translation of the greeting phrase "How are you?" into "Kepriben kabare?".

Greetings

[edit]

It is common practice for people in Tegal to call their friends "Jon", "Jack" or "Jakwir". The translation for "Daddy" is Jasak, "Mommy" is Jok, a younger brother is addressed as Yarig, and an older brother is Sahang. Many other words can only be understood by native Tegals. Bahasa Tegal also has many Arabic loan words.

Interesting places and buildings

[edit]
  • Gunung Guci: natural sulfur waterfalls for healing many skin diseases;
  • Pantai Alam Indah (PAI): a famous beach in Tegal;
  • Alun-alun Tegal: in front of Mesjid Agung Tegal mosque;
  • Pasar Pagi Tegal: the biggest market in Tegal;
  • Bird Market: in Pasar Senggol next to the Alun-alun area;
  • Taman Poci: a small park with a children's playground and picnic area in front of the station, with kiosks selling exotic foods and Teh Poci tea;

Historical buildings in the city of Tegal are mostly Dutch architecture,

  • Tegal railway station: connecting many other big cities in Java.
  • The Dance Building (Lanal Tegal) was established in 1914.
  • Stoomtram Maatschappij Semarang-Cheribon Building was established in 1913, this building was once used as a campus of Pancasakti University Tegal.
  • Parliament Building (Jl. Pemuda)
  • City Hall and the mayor's office (Ki Gede Sebayu No.12, Komplek Alun-alun Mangkukusuman)
  • Post Office (Jl Proklamasi No.01)
  • Navy Headquarters (Jl Proklamasi)
  • Water Tower (Pancasila Street)
  • Birao Building SCS (Jl Pancasila)
  • Gedung Pancasakti University
  • The Sacred Heart of Jesus Parish Catholic Church
  • Temple Tek Hay Kiong (Gurami Street)

Notable people

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 26 September 2024, Kota Tegal Dalam Angka 2024 (sum of returns from the 4 District Katalogs as referenced below)
  2. ^ a b c Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011.
  3. ^ a b c Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021.
  4. ^ Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2024, Kota Tegal Dalam Angka 2024 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.3376)
  5. ^ Knight, G.R. (1993) Colonial Production in Provincial Java. The Sugar Industry in Pekalongan-Tegal, 1800-1942. Amsterdam: VU University Press.
  6. ^ McVey, Ruth. (1965) The rise of Indonesian communism. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. pp 329-340.
  7. ^ KPK arrests Tegal mayor Siti Masitha Archived 2021-01-13 at the Wayback Machine. Jakarta Post, 29 August 2017. Accessed 28 February 2018.
  8. ^ Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 26 September 2024, Kecamatan Tegal Selatan Dalam Angka 2024 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.3376010).
  9. ^ Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 26 September 2024, Kecamatan Tegal Timur Dalam Angka 2024 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.3376020).
  10. ^ Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 26 September 2024, Kecamatan Tegal Barat Dalam Angka 2024 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.3376030).
  11. ^ Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 26 September 2024, Kecamatan Margadana Dalam Angka 2024 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.3376040).
  12. ^ Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 26 September 2024, Kecamatan Adiwerna Dalam Angka 2024 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.3328120
  13. ^ Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 26 September 2024, Kecamatan Dukuhturi Dalam Angka 2024 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.3328130
  14. ^ Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 26 September 2024, Kecamatan Talang Dalam Angka 2024 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.3328140
  15. ^ "TEGAL Climate: 1991–2020". Starlings Roost Weather. Retrieved 25 December 2024.
  16. ^ "tegal.us - Registered at Namecheap.com". www.tegal.us. Archived from the original on 2018-09-05. Retrieved 2017-11-24.
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tegal.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Tegal.
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