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List of Panchatantra stories

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The Panchatantra is an ancient Sanskrit collection of stories, probably first composed around 300 CE (give or take a century or two),[1] though some of its component stories may be much older. The original text is not extant, but the work has been widely revised and translated such that there exist "over 200 versions in more than 50 languages."[2] The actual content of these versions sometimes differs greatly.

The lists of stories in a few notable versions are compared below.

Key

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  • A-T — Aarne–Thompson tale type index number.
  • Edge — Franklin Edgerton's 1924 reconstruction of the Sanskrit text of the original Panchatantra. Though scholars debate details of his text, its list of stories can be considered definitive.[3] It is the basis of English translations by Edgerton himself (1924) and Patrick Olivelle (1997 & 2006). The content of 2 other important versions, the "Southern" Panchatantra and the Tantrākhyāyika are very similar to that of Edgerton's reconstruction.
  • Durg — Durgasimha's Kannada translation of c. 1031 CE is one of the earliest extant translations into an Indian vernacular.
  • Soma — Somadeva's Kathasaritsagara ("Ocean of Streams of Story") of 1070 is a massive collection of stories and legends, to which a version of the Panchatantra contributes roughly half of Book 10. The numbers given are those of N. M. Penzer, which situate the Panchatantra passages within the Kathasaritsagara as a whole. At the end of each of the Panchatantra's books, Somadeva (or his source) adds a number of unrelated stories, "usually of the 'noodle' variety."[4]
  • Purn — Purnabhadra's recension of 1199 CE is one of the longest Sanskrit versions, and is the basis of both Arthur W. Ryder's English translation of 1925, and Chandra Rajan's of 1993.
  • Nara — Hitopadesha by Narayana is probably the most popular version in India, and was the second work ever translated from Sanskrit into English (by Charles Wilkins in 1787). The Hitopadesha itself exists in several versions, without an extant original. However, in this case the differences are comparatively trivial.[5] Narayana split, combined, and reordered his source stories more extensively than most other revisers of the Panchatantra, so while cells in other columns generally have a one-to-one relationship, this does not hold true for the Hitopadesha.

Table

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In addition to the stories listed below, many versions begin with a prelude in which a king bewails the stupidity of his sons, and the wise Vishnu Sharma[6] (the Panchatantra's reputed author) bets that he can teach them statecraft in a mere 6 months; the tales constitute his lesson. (Of the versions tabulated below, only Somadeva's Kathasaritsagara lacks this "master frame" — an unsurprising omission, since the Panchatantra section is placed within the "master frame" of the Kathasaritsagara itself.)

Story A-T Edge[7] Durg[8] Soma[9] Purn[10] Nara[11]
The wily jackals- trouble between friends I.Frame I.Frame 84 I.Frame II.1; II.3; II.7; II.9; II.10
The story of the evil King Kachadruma I.1
The naughty monkey and the wedge I.1 I.2 84A I.1 II.2
The jackal and the war drum I.2 I.4 84B I.2
The wise minister I.3
The adventures of an ascetic I.3a I.4a
The saint, his own pouch and the rogue I.3a I.5 I.4a
The wolf and the rams I.3b I.5.1 I.4b
The unfaithful wife Tantuvayika I.5.2
A weaver cuts the nose of a bawd I.3c I.4c II.6
The crows and the evil snake I.4 I.6 I.5 II.8; II.9
The crab cuts off the heron's head I.5 I.7 84C I.6 IV.7
The hare that outwitted the lion I.6 I.8 84D I.7 II.9
Weaver as Vișṇu I.8
The monkey who died by giving shelter to a hunter I.9
The Brahmin and the ungrateful goldsmith I.9.1 I.9
The guest I.7 I.11 84E I.10
The watersnakes and a cobra I.11.1
The owl and the poor swan I.11.2
The Blue Jackal I.11 III.8
Goose and owl I.12
The camel and the foolish offer I.8 I.12 84F I.13 IV.11
The lion and the carpenter I.14
The sandpipers and the ocean I.9 I.14 84G I.15 II.10
The turtle and the geese I.10 I.14.1 84GG I.16 IV.2; IV.4
The Brahmin Devadatta, the story teller, and the ogre I.14.1.1
The lady who didn't listen to her daughter-in-law I.14.1.2
The tale of three fish I.11 I.14.2 84GGG I.17 IV.3; IV.4
The sparrows and the mighty elephant I.18
Goose and fowler I.19
The evil monster I.20
Jackal outwits lion I.21
King and ascetic I.22
Girl who married a snake 433[12] I.23
Indra's parrot and the god of death I.24
The stupid advice I.12 III.3 84H I.25 III.2
Two friends and betrayed trust 613[12] I.13 I.15 84I I.26
The cranes, the black snake and the 'helpful' enemy I.14 I.15.1 84J I.27 IV.5
Tit for tat 1592[12] I.15 84K I.28
The twins I.10 I.29
The robber's sacrifice I.30a
Faithful but foolish monkey kills the king 1586[12] I.31b
The monkeys that died due to a ram I.16
(12 additional stories) 85-96
The four friends and the hunter- gaining of friends II.Frame V.Frame 97 II.Frame I.1; I.2; I.4; I.7; I.9
The pigeons and the fowler (II.Frame) V.1 (II.Frame)
The Bharunda birds II.1
A wise old bird V.1.1
The elephants and the mice V.2
The Brahmin and the crab V.3
The ascetic and the jumping mouse II.1 V.4 97A II.2 I.5; I.6
The woman who traded sesame for sesame II.2 97AA II.3
The greed of the jackal and the bowstring II.3 V.4.1 97AAA II.4 I.7
The man who got what was coming to him II.5
The weaver's options: to be generous or stingy II.6
The jackal waits for the bull's testicles to fall 115[12] II.7
The mice who rescued the elephant II.8
How the deer Chitranga got caught in a trap II.4 V.5 II.9
(23 additional stories) 98-120
On war and peace: elect for the owl III.Frame III.Frame 121 III.Frame IV.1
How owls started to hate crows III.1
The owl is elected king of the birds III.2 III.3 121B III.1
The lake of the moon III.3 121BB III.2 III.4
The cunning mediator III.4 III.1.1 121BBB III.3 I.4
The ascetic and the bad world III.1.1.1
How Shishupala died in the hands of Krishna III.2
The Brahmin, the goat and the three crooks III.5 I.13 121C III.4 IV.10; IV.11
The king cobra and the ants III.5
The cobra and the greed for the gold coins 285D[12] III.6
The golden bird III.7
The hunter and the dove's sacrifice III.4 III.8
The old merchant and his young wife III.6 121D III.9 I.6
The thief, the demon, and a Brahmin III.7 III.5 121E III.10
The tale of two snakes III.11
How the unfaithful wife tricked her foolish husband III.8 121F III.12 III.7
The marriage of a mouse that turned into a girl 2031C III.9 III.7 121G III.13
The sage who changed his pet dog into different animals III.7.1
The bird and it's precious gold excreta III.14
The jackal and the talking cave I.3 III.15
The foolish frogs III.10 III.8 121H III.16 IV.12
The Brahmin catches his wife's lover III.8.1 III.17
(13 additional stories) 122-132
On losing what you have gained: The monkey and the unfaithful crocodile 91[13] IV.Frame IV.Frame 133 IV.Frame
The poisonous friendship IV.1
The brainless donkey 52 IV.1 IV.1 133A IV.2
The honest muscular potter and his scar IV.3
The jackal that killed no elephants IV.4
The Brahmin and his ungrateful wife IV.5
Henpecked husbands IV.6
The donkey in the tiger's skin III.1 121A IV.7 III.3
The adulterous wife is tricked by her lover IV.8
The monkey and the annoying sparrow IV.9 III.2
The jackal's quick thinking IV.10
The dog and the famine 112[12] IV.11
(6 additional stories) 134-139
The greedy barber's folly V.2 II.2 V.Frame III.10; IV.13
The three proverbs which stopped king from killing his own wives II.2.1
On hasty actions: Killing a mongoose in haste 178A[12] V.Frame II.Frame 140 V.1
The wheel on the head of the excessively greedy V.2
The dead lion III.6 V.3
The tale of two fishes and a frog 105[12] V.4
The singing donkey and the jackal V.5
The weaver's wish 750A[12] V.6
The beggar's dream; or building castles in the air 1430[12] V.1 II.1 V.7 IV.8
The old monkey's revenge V.8
The credulous demon V.9
The three-breasted princess V.10
The Brahmin and the soft-foot fiend V.11
The old pious lady Gautami II.3
(6 additional stories) 141-146
The false friend I.3
The merchant's bride I.8
The cat who became superfluous II.4
The canny procuress II.5
War (frame) III.1
The goose and the crow III.5
The crow and the quail III.6
The faithful servant III.9
The hermit and the mouse IV.6
The two ogres IV.9

Notes

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  1. ^ Olivelle 1997, p xii.
  2. ^ Olivelle 1997, p ix.
  3. ^ "Most scholars would concede at least the following: (1) the reconstructed text contains every story that was found in the original, and the original contained no stories other than those included in the reconstructed text ... (3) The narrative sequence of the original was the same as it is in the reconstructed version." (Olivelle 1997, pp xliv-xlv) Beyond these 2 points, the list is not concerned.
  4. ^ Penzer 1926, p 213.
  5. ^ "[C]ontrary as is the case with the Pañcatantra, we can hardly speak of different versions of the Hitopadeśa and ... the additions or omissions of certain stanzas as well as some of the textual differences between the various editions of the Hitopadeśa are of little importance." (Sternbach 1960, p 1)
  6. ^ In some textual traditions, including Durgasimha's, the name is Vasubhaga Bhatta.
  7. ^ Olivelle 1997, pp vii-viii, 160-61.
  8. ^ Chandrashekhara 2009.
  9. ^ Penzer 1926, pp xxxv-xliii & 214-215.
  10. ^ Olivelle 1997, pp vii-viii, 160-63.
  11. ^ Sternbach 1960, pp 27-29.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Ashliman, D. L. "The Panchatantra". Retrieved 27 August 2015.
  13. ^ Ashliman, D. L. "The Monkey's Heart". Retrieved 7 March 2016.

References

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  • Olivelle, Patrick (translator) (1997), The Pañcatantra: The Book of India's Folk Wisdom, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-955575-8 {{citation}}: |first= has generic name (help)
  • Sternbach, Ludwik (1960), The Hitopadeśa and Its Sources, American Oriental Series, vol. 44, New Haven, CT: American Oriental Society
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