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United States House resolution on persecution of the Rohingya people in Burma

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United States House resolution on persecution of the Rohingya people in Burma
Great Seal of the United States
Long titleUrging the Government of Burma to end the persecution of the Rohingya people and respect internationally recognized human rights for all ethnic and religious minority groups within Burma.
Announced inthe 113th United States Congress
Sponsored byRep. James P. McGovern (D, MA-2)
Number of co-sponsors50
Codification
Agencies affectedUnited States House of Representatives
Legislative history
Part of a series on
Rohingya people
Category Commons

H.Res. 418 is a simple resolution that calls on the government of Burma to end the persecution of and discrimination against the Rohingya people within its borders and calls on the United States government and the international community to pressure the Burmese to do so.[1][2] The resolution is in response to allegations of Burmese Buddhist attacks on Rohingya Muslims that may have occurred earlier in 2014.[2]

The resolution was introduced and passed by the United States House of Representatives during the 113th United States Congress. As a simple resolution, H.Res. 418 does not require approval from the United States Senate or the signature of the President of the United States because it only expresses the opinion or gives the advice of the House and has no actual legal power.[3]

Background

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Main article: Burma

Burma, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar, commonly shortened to Myanmar,[4][5][6][7][8] is a sovereign state in Southeast Asia bordered by Bangladesh, India, China, Laos and Thailand. One third of Burma's total perimeter of 1,930 kilometres (1,200 miles) forms an uninterrupted coastline along the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea. Burma's population of over 60 million makes it the world's 24th most populous country[9] and, at 676,578 square kilometres (261,227 sq mi), it is the world's 40th largest country and the second largest in Southeast Asia.

The British conquered Burma after three Anglo-Burmese Wars in the 19th century and the country became a British colony (a part of India until 1937 and then a separately administered colony). Burma became an independent nation in 1948, initially as a democratic nation and then, following a coup in 1962, a military dictatorship which formally ended in 2011. For most of its independent years, the country has been engrossed in rampant ethnic strife and a myriad of Burma's ethnic groups have been involved in one of the world's longest-running unresolved civil wars. During this time, the United Nations and several other organizations have reported consistent and systematic human rights violations in the country.[10][11][12] In 2011, the military junta was officially dissolved following a 2010 general election, and a nominally civilian government was installed. Although the military retains enormous influence through the constitution that was ratified in 2008, it has taken steps toward relinquishing control of the government. This, along with the release of Burma's most prominent human rights activist, Aung San Suu Kyi, and many other political prisoners, has improved the country's human rights record and foreign relations and has led to the easing of trade and other economic sanctions that had been imposed by the European Union and the United States.[13][14] There is, however, continuing criticism of the government's treatment of the largely Muslim ethnic Rohingya minority and its poor response to the religious clashes that have occurred throughout the nation, described by various human rights organizations as a policy of ethnic cleansing.[15][16][17][18]

Provisions of the resolution

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This summary is based largely on the summary provided by the Congressional Research Service, a public domain source.[1]

The resolution would call on: (1) Burma to end the persecution and discrimination of the Rohingya people and ensure respect for internationally recognized human rights for all ethnic and religious minority groups, and (2) the United States and the international community to put consistent pressure on Burma to end such persecution and discrimination.[1]

Procedural history

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H.Res. 418 was introduced into the United States House of Representatives on November 18, 2013 by Rep. James P. McGovern (D, MA-2).[19] The resolution was referred to the United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs, the United States House Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on Africa, Global Health, Global Human Rights and International Organizations, and the United States House Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on Asia and the Pacific.[19] The resolution was scheduled to be voted on under suspension of the rules on May 7, 2014.[20] On May 7, 2014, the House voted in a voice vote to pass the resolution.[2]

Debate and discussion

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The resolution's sponsor, Rep. McGovern, argued that "the Burmese government needs to recognize the Rohingya as an ethnic group. The situation is dire and rapidly deteriorating."[2] Rep. Ed Royce (R-CA) agreed, saying "let's all send a message that the current state of human rights in Burma is unacceptable."[2]

The Council on American-Islamic Relations supported the bill, describing the resolution as being "in response to the ongoing campaign of violence and attempted ethnic cleansing by Burmese national extremists of the minority Rohingya Muslim community. This campaign of violence has taken the lives of more than 1,000 Rohingya and other Muslims and left more than 140,000 displaced, living in makeshift camps both in Burma and in neighboring states."[21]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c "H.Res. 418 - Summary". United States Congress. Archived from the original on 2014-05-09. Retrieved 5 May 2014.
  2. ^ a b c d e Marcos, Cristina (7 May 2014). "House passes resolution pressuring Burmese government to end genocide". The Hill. Archived from the original on 2014-05-08. Retrieved 8 May 2014.
  3. ^ "Legislation, Laws, and Acts". United States Senate. Archived from the original on 2014-05-08. Retrieved 8 May 2014.
  4. ^ "Myanmar — Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary". Merriam-webster.com. Archived from the original on 2013-09-21. Retrieved 1 September 2012.
  5. ^ Thackrah, J. R. "Definition of Myanmar". Collins English Dictionary. Archived from the original on 2012-06-25. Retrieved 1 September 2012.
  6. ^ "Definition of Myanmar — Oxford Dictionaries (British & World English)". Oxford Dictionaries. Archived from the original on 2013-04-24. Retrieved 1 September 2012.
  7. ^ Ammon, Ulrich (2004). Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society. Vol. 3/3 (2nd ed.). Walter de Gruyter. p. 2012. ISBN 3-11-018418-4. Retrieved 23 May 2013.
  8. ^ "Myanmar". Thefreedictionary.com. Retrieved 2013-07-06.
  9. ^ "Asian Development Bank and Myanmar: Fact Sheet" (PDF). Asian Development Bank. 30 April 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 November 2011. Retrieved 2012-11-20.
  10. ^ "Burma". Hrw.org. Archived from the original on 2013-06-30. Retrieved 2013-07-06.
  11. ^ "Myanmar Human Rights | Amnesty International USA". Amnestyusa.org. Archived from the original on 2013-06-12. Retrieved 2013-07-06.
  12. ^ "World Report 2012: Burma". World Report 2012: Burma | Human Rights Watch. Hrw.org. 22 January 2012. Archived from the original on 2013-06-30. Retrieved 2013-07-06.
  13. ^ Aamer Madhani (16 November 2012). "Obama administration eases Burma sanctions before visit". USA Today. Archived from the original on 2013-01-13. Retrieved 15 May 2013.
  14. ^ Thomas Fuller; Paul Geitner (23 April 2012). "European Union Suspends Most Myanmar Sanctions". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2017-09-10. Retrieved 2017-02-28.
  15. ^ Faine Greenwood (2013-05-27). "The 8 Stages of Genocide Against Burma's Rohingya | UN DispatchUN Dispatch". Undispatch.com. Archived from the original on 2014-01-16. Retrieved 2014-04-13.
  16. ^ Andrew R.C. Marshall (11 June 2012). "Muslim, Buddhist mob violence threatens new Myanmar image". Reuters. Archived from the original on 2013-10-12. Retrieved 9 October 2013.
  17. ^ "EU welcomes "measured" Myanmar response to rioting". Retuer. 11 Jun 2012. Archived from the original on 2013-10-12. Retrieved 9 October 2013.
  18. ^ "Q&A: Communal violence in Burma". BBC. Archived from the original on 2013-10-24. Retrieved 14 October 2013.
  19. ^ a b "H.Res. 418 - All Actions". United States Congress. Archived from the original on 2013-12-15. Retrieved 5 May 2014.
  20. ^ Marcos, Cristina (2 May 2014). "The week ahead: House to hold ex-IRS official in contempt". The Hill. Archived from the original on 2014-05-04. Retrieved 5 May 2014.
  21. ^ "Ask Your Representatives to Take Action on Burma, Support House Resolution 418". Council on American-Islamic Relations. 5 December 2013. Archived from the original on 2014-05-12. Retrieved 8 May 2014.
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