User:Tthompson70381/sandbox
Issues
[edit]One issue of intelligence-led policing is the impact on the African-American community, which may feel especially targeted by intelligence-led policing efforts. [1]
One of the largest complaints about intelligence-led policing is that of a violation of civil liberties. [2] This can be especially true in the African American community, who feel especially targeted by intelligence-led policing efforts. [3] One of the problems with intelligence-led policing is that when a civil liberty has been violated that the courts are incapable of making a fair decision in most cases as judges are unprepared and do not understand the total implication of their decisions. [4]
The issue of
The majority of United States agencies have not included intelligence-led policing efforts. Intelligence was seen as something for only large agencies. The first implementations of intelligence-led policing were problematic, as most of the gathered intelligence was not based on criminal fact and arrests, but based on perceptions of anti-American activity or belief. These early efforts at intelligence-led policing were the subject of many civil rights lawsuits in the 1960's and 1970's. [5]
Community Policing and Intelligence-Led Policing
[edit]Intelligence-led policing, while not in direct contradiction to community policing, is on the other end of the police spectrum. Community policing is seen as contradictory to intelligence gathering in the police, and while the nature of community policing is to handle diversion with community support. That type of diversion does not lead to information that can be used in intelligence-led policing. [6]
New Zealand
[edit]New Zealand has been experimenting with intelligence-led policing since the 1990's and has implemented it throughout the New Zealand Police, which is the national police organization in the country of New Zealand. Intelligence-led policing is encouraged throughout the districts of the New Zealand Police, and is implemented throughout the country and is an implementation of intelligence-led policing throughout an entire country. [7] One of the results of this experiment is that there was little sharing of information between districts in New Zealand. In the New Zealand study there were problems both organizational and behavioral that hindered the results of either using the information or gathering the information to make intelligence based decisions. The New Zealand Police are now implementing more aspects of problem-oriented policing to their intelligence-led policing system. [8]
Intelligence-Led Policing and Transnational Justice -Thomas O'Connor- Journal of the Institute of Justice and International Studies-
Notes
[edit]- ^ Rider, Barry. Intelligent Investigations: The Use and Misuse of Intelligence- A Personal Perspective. Journal of Financial Crime. 20(3) 293-311.
- ^ Stone, Geoffrey. National Security v. Civil Liberty. California Law Review. Vol. 95 Issue 6.
- ^ Rider, Barry. Intelligent Investigations: The Use and Misuse of Intelligence- A Personal Perspective. Journal of Financial Crime. 20(3) 293-311.
- ^ Stone, Geoffrey. National Security v. Civil Liberty. California Law Review. Vol. 95 Issue 6.
- ^ Carter, D. L., & Carter, J. G. (2009). Intelligence-Led Policing: Conceptual and Functional Considerations for Public Policy. Criminal Justice Policy Review, 20(3), 310-325
- ^ O'Connor, Thomas. (2006). Intelligence-Led Policing and Transnational Justice. Journal of the Institute of Justice International. 6, 233-241.
- ^ Darroch, S., & Mazerolle, L. (2013). Intelligence-Led Policing: A Comparative Analysis of Organizational Factors Influencing Innovation Uptake. Police Quarterly, 16(1), 3-37.
- ^ Ratcliffe, Jerry. "The Effectiveness Of Police Intelligence Management: A New Zealand Case Study." Police Practice & Research 6.5 (2005): 435-451. Academic Search Premier. Web.