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World Esperanto Congress

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Mark Fettes, president of the World Esperanto Association, during the 100th World Esperanto Congress in Lille (France), 2015

The World Esperanto Congress (Esperanto: Universala Kongreso de Esperanto, UK) is an annual Esperanto convention. It has the longest tradition among international Esperanto conventions, with an almost unbroken run for 119 years. The congresses have been held since August 5, 1905, every year, except during World War I, World War II, and the COVID-19 pandemic. Since the 1920s, the Universal Esperanto Association has been organizing these congresses.

These congresses take place every year and, over the 30 years from 1985 through 2014, have gathered an average of about 2,000 participants (since World War II it has varied from 800 to 6,000, depending on the venue). The average number of countries represented is about 60. Some specialized organizations also gather a few hundred participants in their annual meetings. The World Congress usually takes place in the last week of July or first week of August, beginning and ending on a Saturday (8 days in total). For many years ILERA has operated an amateur radio station during the conventions.

Until 1980, meetings were held in Europe and the United States, with the exception of Japan in 1965. Since then, other countries have been Brazil, Canada, China, Cuba, South Korea, Australia, Israel, Vietnam and Argentina. In 2024, the congress was held in Africa for the first time, in Arusha, Tanzania.

The attendance at each World Esperanto Congress from the 1st in 1905 until the 100th in 2015.
World Esperanto Congress 1908

History

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Countries that have hosted the World Esperanto Congress, 1905–2018
Number Year City Country Number of
participants
110 2025 Brno  Czech Republic  
109 2024 Arusha  Tanzania  
108 2023 Turin  Italy 1318[1]
107 2022 Montreal  Canada 859[1]
106 2021 Internet[2] The Congress was originally planned to happen in Belfast but it was transferred online due to the
COVID-19 pandemic[3]		 1853[4]
105 2020 Internet[2] The Congress was originally planned to happen in Montreal but it was transferred online due to the
COVID-19 pandemic[5]		 2006[6]
104 2019 Lahti  Finland 917[7]
103 2018 Lisbon  Portugal 1567[8]
102 2017 Seoul  South Korea 1173[9]
101 2016 Nitra  Slovakia 1252[10]
100 2015 Lille  France 2698[11]
99 2014 Buenos Aires  Argentina 706[12]
98 2013 Reykjavík  Iceland 1034[13]
97 2012 Hanoi  Vietnam 866[14]
96 2011 Copenhagen  Denmark 1458[15]
95 2010 Havana  Cuba 1002[16]
94 2009 Białystok  Poland 1860
93 2008 Rotterdam  Netherlands 1845
92 2007 Yokohama  Japan 1901
91 2006 Florence  Italy 2209
90 2005 Vilnius  Lithuania 2235
89 2004 Beijing  China 2031
88 2003 Gothenburg  Sweden 1791
87 2002 Fortaleza  Brazil 1484
86 2001 Zagreb  Croatia 1691
85 2000 Tel Aviv  Israel 1212
84 1999 Berlin  Germany 2712
83 1998 Montpellier  France 3133
82 1997 Adelaide  Australia 1224
81 1996 Prague  Czech Republic 2972
80 1995 Tampere  Finland 2443
79 1994 Seoul  South Korea 1776
78 1993 Valencia  Spain 1863
77 1992 Vienna  Austria 3033
76 1991 Bergen  Norway 2400
75 1990 Havana  Cuba 1617
74 1989 Brighton  United Kingdom 2280
73 1988 Rotterdam  Netherlands 2321
72 1987 Warsaw  Poland 5946
71 1986 Beijing  China 2482
70 1985 Augsburg  West Germany 2311
69 1984 Vancouver  Canada 802
68 1983 Budapest  Hungary 4834
67 1982 Antwerp  Belgium 1899
66 1981 Brasília  Brazil 1749
65 1980 Stockholm  Sweden 1807
64 1979 Lucerne  Switzerland 1630
63 1978 Varna  Bulgaria 4414
62 1977 Reykjavík  Iceland 1199
61 1976 Athens  Greece 1266
60 1975 Copenhagen  Denmark 1227
59 1974 Hamburg  West Germany 1651
58 1973 Belgrade  Yugoslavia 1638
57 1972 Portland  United States 923
56 1971 London  United Kingdom 2071
55 1970 Vienna  Austria 1987
54 1969 Helsinki  Finland 1857
53 1968 Madrid  Spain 1769
52 1967 Rotterdam  Netherlands 1265
51 1966 Budapest  Hungary 3975
50 1965 Tokyo  Japan 1710
49 1964 The Hague  Netherlands 2512
48 1963 Sofia  Bulgaria 3472
47 1962 Copenhagen  Denmark 1550
46 1961 Harrogate  United Kingdom 1646
45 1960 Brussels  Belgium 1930
44 1959 Warsaw  Poland 3256
43 1958 Mainz  West Germany 2021
42 1957 Marseille  France 1468
41 1956 Copenhagen  Denmark 2200
40 1955 Bologna  Italy 1687
39 1954 Haarlem  Netherlands 2353
38 1953 Zagreb  Yugoslavia 1760
37 1952 Oslo  Norway 1614
36 1951 Munich  West Germany 2040
35 1950 Paris  France 2325
34 1949 Bournemouth  United Kingdom 1534
33 1948 Malmö  Sweden 1761
32 1947 Bern  Switzerland 1370
World War II
31 1939 Bern  Switzerland 765
30 1938 London  United Kingdom 1602
29 1937 Warsaw  Poland 1120
28 1936 Vienna  Austria 854
27 1935 Rome  Italy 1442
26 1934 Stockholm  Sweden 2042
25 1933 Cologne  Nazi Germany 950
24 1932 Paris  France 1650
23 1931 Kraków  Poland 900
22 1930 Oxford  United Kingdom 1211
21 1929 Budapest  Hungary 1200
20 1928 Antwerp  Belgium 1494
19 1927 Danzig  Free City of Danzig 905
18 1926 Edinburgh  United Kingdom 960
17 1925 Geneva  Switzerland 953
16 1924 Vienna  Austria 3400
15 1923 Nuremberg  Weimar Republic 4963
14 1922 Helsinki  Finland 850
13 1921 Prague  Czechoslovakia 2561
12 1920 The Hague  Netherlands 408
World War I
11 1915 San Francisco  United States 163
10 1914 Paris  France cancelled due
to World War I
9 1913 Bern  Switzerland 1203
8 1912 Kraków  Austria-Hungary 1000
7 1911 Antwerp  Belgium 1800
6 1910 Washington, D.C.  United States 357
5 1909 Barcelona  Spain 1287
4 1908 Dresden  Germany 1500
3 1907 Cambridge  United Kingdom 1317
2 1906 Geneva  Switzerland 1200
1 1905 Boulogne-sur-Mer  France 688

Statistics

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Countries

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Countries by number of times as host:

Times hosted Country Years hosted
8  Germany[a] 1908, 1923, 1933, 1951, 1958, 1974, 1985, 1999
 United Kingdom[b] 1907, 1926, 1930, 1938, 1949, 1961, 1971, 1989
6  France 1905, 1932, 1950, 1957, 1998, 2015
  Switzerland 1906, 1913, 1925, 1939, 1947, 1979
 Netherlands 1920, 1954, 1964, 1967, 1988, 2008
5  Poland[c] 1931, 1937, 1959, 1987, 2009
4  Belgium 1911, 1928, 1960, 1982
 Finland 1922, 1969, 1995, 2019
 Austria[c] 1924, 1936, 1970, 1992
 Sweden 1934, 1948, 1980, 2003
 Denmark 1956, 1962, 1975, 2011
 Italy 1935, 1955, 2006, 2023
3  Spain 1909, 1968, 1993
 United States 1910, 1915, 1972
 Hungary[c] 1929, 1966, 1983
2  Czech Republic[d] 1921, 1996
 Norway 1952, 1991
 Yugoslavia 1953, 1973
 Bulgaria 1963, 1978
 Japan 1965, 2007
 Iceland 1977, 2013
 China 1986, 2004
 Canada 1984, 2022
 Brazil 1981, 2002
 Cuba 1990, 2010
 South Korea 1994, 2017
1  Austria-Hungary 1912
 Danzig 1927
 Greece 1976
 Australia 1997
 Israel 2000
 Croatia[e] 2001
 Lithuania 2005
 Vietnam 2012
 Argentina 2014
 Slovakia 2016
 Portugal 2018
 Tanzania 2024

Continents

[edit]

Of the 102 congresses that have happened so far,[f] 84 were hosted in Europe, 8 in Asia, 6 in North America, 3 in South America, 1 in Australia/Oceania and 1 in Africa.

Cities

[edit]

Cities by number of times as host:

Times hosted City Years hosted
4 Austria Vienna 1924, 1936, 1970, 1992
Denmark Copenhagen 1956, 1962, 1975, 2011
3 Belgium Antwerp 1911, 1928, 1985
Switzerland Bern 1913, 1939, 1947
France Paris 1914, 1932, 1950
Hungary Budapest 1929, 1966, 1983
Poland Warsaw 1937, 1959, 1987
Netherlands Rotterdam 1967, 1988, 2008
2 Switzerland Geneva 1906, 1925
Poland Kraków 1912, 1931
Netherlands The Hague 1920, 1964
Czech Republic Prague 1921, 1996
Sweden Stockholm 1934, 1980
United Kingdom London 1938, 1971
Croatia Zagreb 1953, 2001
Finland Helsinki 1969, 1922
Iceland Reykjavík 1977, 2013
China Beijing 1986, 2004
Cuba Havana 1990, 2010
South Korea Seoul 1994, 2017

The remaining cities hosted the event only once.

See also

[edit]

Notes

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  1. ^ As West Germany in 1951, 1958, 1974 and 1985.
  2. ^ Does not include the 2021 Congress, which was originally scheduled to be in Belfast, but was held online due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
  3. ^ a b c Does not include the 1912 Congress in Kraków, which happened in the territory of Austria-Hungary.
  4. ^ As Czechoslovakia in 1921.
  5. ^ Does not include the 1953 Congress in Zagreb, which happened in the territory of Yugoslavia.
  6. ^ This excludes the cancelled 1914 congress and future congresses.

References

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  1. ^ a b "Universala Esperanto-Asocio: Listo de UK-oj". uea.org.
  2. ^ a b "Virtuala Kongreso de Esperanto 2020". vk.mondafest.net.
  3. ^ "Universala Esperanto-Asocio". uea.org.
  4. ^ "Listo de aliĝintoj - Virtuala Kongreso de Esperanto 2021".
  5. ^ "Universala Esperanto-Asocio".
  6. ^ "Listo de aliĝintoj - Virtuala Kongreso de Esperanto 2020".
  7. ^ "Universala Esperanto-Asocio: Gazetaraj Komunikoj". uea.org.
  8. ^ "Universala Esperanto-Asocio: Universala Kongreso". uea.org.
  9. ^ "Wayback Machine" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-08-14.
  10. ^ "Pribina - KONGRESA KURIERO DE LA 101 A UNIVERSALA KONGRESO DE ESPERANTO" (PDF). Retrieved 2023-09-24.
  11. ^ Universala Esperanto-Asocio: "Fina statistiko de Lillo: 2698 aliĝintoj el 80 landoj".
  12. ^ Universala Esperanto-Asocio: "Rezolucio de la 99-a Universala Kongreso de Esperanto".
  13. ^ Universala Esperanto-Asocio: "La 98-a Universala Kongreso de Esperanto Archived 2013-05-03 at archive.today".
  14. ^ "Loa! - Kongres a Kuriero de la 97a Universala Kongreso en Hanojo, Vjetnamio" (PDF). Retrieved 2023-09-24.
  15. ^ Vikinga Voĉo, n-ro 6 (La kongresa Kuriero de la 96-a Universala Kongreso de Esperanto.
  16. ^ "Universala Esperanto-Asocio". uea.org.
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