बृहत्

See also: बहुत

Hindi

Alternative forms

• वृहत् (vŕhat), वृहत (vŕhat), बृहत (bŕhat)

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit बृहत् (bṛhat). Doublet of बुलंद (buland).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /bɾɪ.ɦət̪/, [bɾɪ.ɦɐt̪]

Adjective

बृहत् • (bŕhat) (indeclinable)

1. (literary, in compounds) large, great, big; mighty, strong
   • 2006, Harendra Prasad Sinha, भारतीय दर्शन की रूपरेखा [Outline of Indian Philosophy]‎^[1], Motilal Banarsidass, →ISBN, page 155, →ISBN:

     शरीर के आकार में अन्तर होने के कारण आत्मा के भी भिन्न-भिन्न आकार हो जाते हैं। हाथी में निवास करने वाली आत्मा का रूप बृहत् है।

     śarīr ke ākār mẽ antar hone ke kāraṇ ātmā ke bhī bhinn-bhinn ākār ho jāte ha͠i. hāthī mẽ nivās karne vālī ātmā kā rūp bŕhat hai.

     Due to the difference in the size of the body, the soul also has varying shapes. The form of the soul residing in the elephant is large.

References

• Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “बृहत्”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha, page 3542
• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “बृहत्”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press, page 744

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

• वृहत् (vṛhat) — later variant

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• বৃহত্ (Assamese script)
• ᬩᬺᬳᬢ᭄ (Balinese script)
• বৃহত্ (Bengali script)
• 𑰤𑰴𑰮𑰝𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀩𑀾𑀳𑀢𑁆 (Brahmi script)
• ဗၖဟတ် (Burmese script)
• બૃહત્ (Gujarati script)
• ਬ੍ਰਹਤ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌬𑍃𑌹𑌤𑍍 (Grantha script)
• ꦧꦽꦲꦠ꧀ (Javanese script)
• 𑂥𑃂𑂯𑂞𑂹 (Kaithi script)
• ಬೃಹತ್ (Kannada script)
• ព្ឫហត៑ (Khmer script)
• ພ຺ຣິຫຕ຺ (Lao script)
• ബൃഹത് (Malayalam script)
• ᠪᡵᡳᡥᠠᢠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘤𑘵𑘮𑘝𑘿 (Modi script)
• ᠪᠷᠢᠾᠠᢐ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧄𑧖𑧎𑦽𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐧𑐺𑐴𑐟𑑂 (Newa script)
• ବୃହତ୍ (Odia script)
• ꢨꢺꢲꢡ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆧𑆸𑆲𑆠𑇀 (Sharada script)
• 𑖤𑖴𑖮𑖝𑖿 (Siddham script)
• බෘහත් (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩲𑩙𑪂𑩫 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚠𑚩𑚙𑚶 (Takri script)
• ப்³ரிஹத் (Tamil script)
• బృహత్ (Telugu script)
• พฺฤหตฺ (Thai script)
• བྲྀ་ཧ་ཏ྄ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒥𑒵𑒯𑒞𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨠𑨼𑨉𑨱𑨙𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰr̥ȷ́ʰáns, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰérǵʰonts (“high, lofty”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬠𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬀𐬧𐬙 (bər^əzaṇt), Persian بلند (boland). The Sanskrit root is बृह् (bṛh, “to be thick, grow great or strong, increase, expand”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /br̩.ɦɐ́t/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈbr̩.ɦɐt̪/

Adjective

बृहत् • (bṛhát) stem (comparative बर्हीयस्, superlative बर्हिष्ठ)

1. large, great, big, bulky, lofty; long, tall; mighty, strong
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.52.9:

     बृ॒हत्स्व श्च॑न्द्र॒मम॑व॒द्यदु॒क्थ्य१॒॑मकृ॑ण्वत भि॒यसा॒ रोह॑णं दि॒वः ।
     यन्मानु॑षप्रधना॒ इन्द्र॑मू॒तय॒: स्व॑र्नृ॒षाचो॑ म॒रुतोऽम॑द॒न्ननु॑ ॥

     bṛhátsvá ścandramámavadyádukthyàmákṛṇvata bhiyásā róhaṇaṃ diváḥ.
     yánmā́nuṣapradhanā índramūtáya: svàrnṛṣā́co marútóʼmadannánu.

     In fear they raised the lofty self-resplendent hymn, praise giving and effectual, leading up to heaven.
     When Indra's helpers fighting for the good of men, the Maruts, faithful to mankind, joyed in the light.

   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 2.27.7:

     पिप॑र्तु नो॒ अदि॑ती॒ राज॑पु॒त्राति॒ द्वेषां॑स्यर्य॒मा सु॒गेभिः॑ ।
     बृ॒हन्मि॒त्रस्य॒ वरु॑णस्य॒ शर्मोप॑ स्याम पुरु॒वीरा॒ अरि॑ष्टाः ॥

     pípartu no áditī rā́japutrā́ti dvéṣāṃsyaryamā́ sugébhiḥ.
     bṛhánmitrásya váruṇasya śármópa syāma puruvī́rā áriṣṭāḥ.

     Mother of Kings, may Aditi transport us, by fair paths Aryaman, beyond all hatred.
     May we uninjured, girt by many heroes, win Varuna's and Mitra's high protection.

   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 9.108.9:

     अ॒भि द्यु॒म्नं बृ॒हद्यश॒ इष॑स्पते दिदी॒हि दे॑व देव॒युः ।
     वि कोशं॑ मध्य॒मं यु॑व ॥

     abhí dyumnáṃ bṛhádyáśa íṣaspate didīhí deva devayúḥ.
     ví kóśaṃ madhyamáṃ yuva.

     Make great glory shine on us, thou Lord of strengthening food, God, as the Friend of Gods: Unclose the fount of middle air.

   • c. 700 CE – 900 CE, Bhāgavata Purāṇa 5.12.10.1:

     एवं कृशं स्थूलमणुर्बृहद्यदसच्च सज्जीवमजीवमन्यत् ।

     evaṃ kṛśaṃ sthūlamaṇurbṛhadyadasacca sajjīvamajīvamanyat.

     Thus, [all] that is skinny, fat, tiny, big is untrue and other true living things are lifeless.

   • c. 500 BCE – 100 BCE, Rāmāyaṇa 6.53.22:

     काञ्चनाङ्गदकेयूरो निष्काभरणभूषितः ।
     कुम्भकर्णो बृहत्कर्णः सुहुतोऽग्निरिवाबभौ ॥

     kāñcanāṅgadakeyūro niṣkābharaṇabhūṣitaḥ.
     kumbhakarṇo bṛhatkarṇaḥ suhutoʼgnirivābabhau.

     Kumbhakarna with long ears, adorned with golden armlets and bracelets worn on his upper arms along with ornament for his breast, shone like fire, well-fed with oblations.

2. clear, loud, high (as sound)

Declension

Masculine at-stem declension of बृहत् (bṛhát)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	बृहन् bṛhán	बृहन्तौ / बृहन्ता¹ bṛhántau / bṛhántā¹	बृहन्तः bṛhántaḥ
Vocative	बृहन् bṛ́han	बृहन्तौ / बृहन्ता¹ bṛ́hantau / bṛ́hantā¹	बृहन्तः bṛ́hantaḥ
Accusative	बृहन्तम् bṛhántam	बृहन्तौ / बृहन्ता¹ bṛhántau / bṛhántā¹	बृहतः bṛhatáḥ
Instrumental	बृहता bṛhatā́	बृहद्भ्याम् bṛhádbhyām	बृहद्भिः bṛhádbhiḥ
Dative	बृहते bṛhaté	बृहद्भ्याम् bṛhádbhyām	बृहद्भ्यः bṛhádbhyaḥ
Ablative	बृहतः bṛhatáḥ	बृहद्भ्याम् bṛhádbhyām	बृहद्भ्यः bṛhádbhyaḥ
Genitive	बृहतः bṛhatáḥ	बृहतोः bṛhatóḥ	बृहताम् bṛhatā́m
Locative	बृहति bṛhatí	बृहतोः bṛhatóḥ	बृहत्सु bṛhátsu
Notes	¹Vedic

Feminine ī-stem declension of बृहती (bṛhatī́)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	बृहती bṛhatī́	बृहत्यौ / बृहती¹ bṛhatyaù / bṛhatī́¹	बृहत्यः / बृहतीः¹ bṛhatyàḥ / bṛhatī́ḥ¹
Vocative	बृहति bṛ́hati	बृहत्यौ / बृहती¹ bṛ́hatyau / bṛ́hatī¹	बृहत्यः / बृहतीः¹ bṛ́hatyaḥ / bṛ́hatīḥ¹
Accusative	बृहतीम् bṛhatī́m	बृहत्यौ / बृहती¹ bṛhatyaù / bṛhatī́¹	बृहतीः bṛhatī́ḥ
Instrumental	बृहत्या bṛhatyā́	बृहतीभ्याम् bṛhatī́bhyām	बृहतीभिः bṛhatī́bhiḥ
Dative	बृहत्यै bṛhatyaí	बृहतीभ्याम् bṛhatī́bhyām	बृहतीभ्यः bṛhatī́bhyaḥ
Ablative	बृहत्याः / बृहत्यै² bṛhatyā́ḥ / bṛhatyaí²	बृहतीभ्याम् bṛhatī́bhyām	बृहतीभ्यः bṛhatī́bhyaḥ
Genitive	बृहत्याः / बृहत्यै² bṛhatyā́ḥ / bṛhatyaí²	बृहत्योः bṛhatyóḥ	बृहतीनाम् bṛhatī́nām
Locative	बृहत्याम् bṛhatyā́m	बृहत्योः bṛhatyóḥ	बृहतीषु bṛhatī́ṣu
Notes	¹Vedic ²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter at-stem declension of बृहत् (bṛhát)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	बृहत् bṛhát	बृहन्ती bṛhántī	बृहन्ति bṛhánti
Vocative	बृहत् bṛ́hat	बृहन्ती bṛ́hantī	बृहन्ति bṛ́hanti
Accusative	बृहत् bṛhát	बृहन्ती bṛhántī	बृहन्ति bṛhánti
Instrumental	बृहता bṛhatā́	बृहद्भ्याम् bṛhádbhyām	बृहद्भिः bṛhádbhiḥ
Dative	बृहते bṛhaté	बृहद्भ्याम् bṛhádbhyām	बृहद्भ्यः bṛhádbhyaḥ
Ablative	बृहतः bṛhatáḥ	बृहद्भ्याम् bṛhádbhyām	बृहद्भ्यः bṛhádbhyaḥ
Genitive	बृहतः bṛhatáḥ	बृहतोः bṛhatóḥ	बृहताम् bṛhatā́m
Locative	बृहति bṛhatí	बृहतोः bṛhatóḥ	बृहत्सु bṛhátsu

Derived terms

• बृहदारण्यक (bṛhadāraṇyaka)

Descendants

• Dhivehi: ބޮޑު (boḍu)
• → Hindi: बृहत् (bŕhat), वृहत् (vŕhat), वृहत (vŕhat), बृहत (bŕhat)

Noun

बृहत् • (bṛhát) stem, n

1. height
2. sky, heaven

Declension

Neuter at-stem declension of बृहत् (bṛhát)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	बृहत् bṛhát	बृहन्ती bṛhántī	बृहन्ति bṛhánti
Vocative	बृहत् bṛ́hat	बृहन्ती bṛ́hantī	बृहन्ति bṛ́hanti
Accusative	बृहत् bṛhát	बृहन्ती bṛhántī	बृहन्ति bṛhánti
Instrumental	बृहता bṛhatā́	बृहद्भ्याम् bṛhádbhyām	बृहद्भिः bṛhádbhiḥ
Dative	बृहते bṛhaté	बृहद्भ्याम् bṛhádbhyām	बृहद्भ्यः bṛhádbhyaḥ
Ablative	बृहतः bṛhatáḥ	बृहद्भ्याम् bṛhádbhyām	बृहद्भ्यः bṛhádbhyaḥ
Genitive	बृहतः bṛhatáḥ	बृहतोः bṛhatóḥ	बृहताम् bṛhatā́m
Locative	बृहति bṛhatí	बृहतोः bṛhatóḥ	बृहत्सु bṛhátsu

Adverb

बृहत् • (bṛhat)

1. greatly, much, highly
2. mightily
3. aloud, loudly

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “बृहत्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 735.
• Hellwig, Oliver (2010-2024) “bṛhat”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
• Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “बृहत्”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan, page 1171
• Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “बृहत्”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press, page 197
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “br̥hánt”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 527