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450th Expeditionary Flying Training Squadron

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450th Expeditionary Flying Training Squadron
Afghan Mil Mi-35 Hind with 450th Expeditionary Flying Training Squadron member
Active1942-1945; 1947-1949; 1954-1957; 1973-1992; c. 2009
Country United States
Branch United States Air Force
RoleFlying training
Part ofAir Combat Command
EngagementsEuropean Theater of Operations[1]
War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)
DecorationsDistinguished Unit Citation
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award[1]
Insignia
450th Expeditionary Flying Training Squadron emblem[a][1]
450th Fighter-Day Squadron emblem[b][2]
450th Bombardment Squadron emblem[3]
World War II fuselage Code[3]ER

The 450th Expeditionary Flying Training Squadron is a provisional United States Air Force unit. The squadron was first activated as the 450th Bombardment Squadron in July 1942. After training in the United States, it deployed to the European Theater of Operations (ETO) in December 1942. It engaged in combat operations from 1943 to 1945, earning a Distinguished Unit Citation for demonstrating the effectiveness of medium bombers in the ETO. Following V-E Day, it participated in the disarmament of the Luftwaffe until September 1945, when it returned to the United States for inactivation.

The squadron served in the reserves from October 1947 to June 1949, when it was inactivated as the military budget was reduced, although it does not appear to have been fully manned or equipped with operational aircraft at this time.

The squadron was activated in July 1954 as the 450th Fighter-Day Squadron and equipped with North American F-86 Sabre fighters. Although it upgraded to the North American F-100 Super Sabre it was inactivated in November 1957, when Tactical Air Command reduced the number of fighter groups at Foster Air Force Base from two to one.

In 1973, Air Training Command was converting its flying training units from MAJCON status. As part of this reorganization, the squadron was redesignated the 450th Flying Training Squadron and replaced the 3537th Electronic Warfare Training Squadron at Mather Air Force Base, California. It conducted flight training for members of the United States military and foreign allies until inactivating in May 1993 as Mather prepared for closure.

On 28 October 2008, it was converted to provisional status as the 450th Expeditionary Flying Training Squadron and assigned to Air Combat Command to activate or inactivate as needed. In 2009, it was active at Kandahar Air Base, training Afghan Army Air Corps personnel on Soviet-built helicopters.

History[edit]

World War II[edit]

Initial organization and training[edit]

The squadron was first activated at MacDill Field, Florida on 17 July 1942 as the 450th Bombardment Squadron, one of the four original squadrons of the 322nd Bombardment Group.[1][4][5] However, it did not receive its initial cadre until 7 August.[1] It was equipped with Martin B-26 Marauders and trained with them at MacDill and at Drane Field, Florida. The ground echelon of the squadron departed for the Port of Embarkation in November and sailed for the United Kingdom aboard the RMS Queen Elizabeth on 24 November, arriving in the United Kingdom six days later. The air echelon continued training in Florida[6] until it began to ferry its Marauders from Morrison Field to Europe via the South Atlantic ferry route as new aircraft became available. The 450th was the first squadron of the group to leave the United States, departing until on 6 February 1943, with its last B-26 arriving on 9 March 1943.[7]

Combat in the European Theater[edit]

Squadron B-26 Marauder[c]

The ground echelon was established at RAF Bury St Edmunds, its first combat station, on 1 December 1942. The 322nd Group flew its first mission, and the first B-26 Marauder mission in the European Theater of Operations, on 14 May against an electrical power plant near IJmuiden in the Netherlands using low level attack tactics. The attack was led by Maj Othel Turner, the squadron's commander.[8] Three days later, the group dispatched eleven planes for a repeat low level attack on the IJmuiden power plant and another at Haarlem in the Netherlands. One plane returned early due to a mechanical malfunction. The remaining ten aircraft and their crews were lost to enemy action. For these actions and for demonstrating the effectiveness of medium bombers, the 322nd Group, including the squadron, was awarded the Distinguished Unit Citation.[1][4]{{efn|Following the raids, the 322nd was withdrawn from combat for training ln medium altitude bombing and equipping its planes for that tactic, returning to combat on 17 July.[4]

In June 1943, the squadron, along with all other B-26 units in England, moved to Essex, an area where it was planned to build up a tactical air force for the forthcoming invasion of Europe, with the 450th arriving at RAF Great Saling on 12 June.[1][9] Once the squadron reentered combat, enemy airfields were its principal targets through February 1944, but it also attacked power stations, shipyards, construction works, marshalling yards and other targets. In March 1944, its emphasis shifted to railway and highway bridges, and oil storage facilities in preparation for Operation Overlord, the invasion of Normandy. It also participated in Operation Crossbow, the attacks on V-1 flying bomb and V-2 rocket launch sites.[4]

On D-Day, the squadron attacked coastal defenses and artillery batteries. It supported the Allies in the Battle for Caen and in Operation Cobra the breakout at Saint Lo in July. Through August and September, it provided air support for the drive of United States Third Army across Northern France.[4]

In late September, the squadron moved from England to Beauvais/Tille Airfield, France.[1] It bombed bridges, road junctions, defended villages, and ordnance depots in the assault on the Siegfried Line from October through December of 1944. During the Battle of the Bulge, it flew attacks on railroad bridges to cut German lines of communications. From then until it flew its last mission on 24 April 1945, it concentrated on communications, bridges, marshalling yards and fuel dumps.[4]

Following V-E Day, the 450th moved to Frankenberg, Germany, and later to Arolsen as part of the military occupation force. It engaged in inventorying and disassembling Luftwaffe equipment until September 1945. In December it returned to the United States and was inactivated at the Port of Embarkation on 11 December 1945.[1][4]

Air Force reserve[edit]

The squadron was reactivated on 10 August 1947 at Phillips Field, Maryland, on the Aberdeen Proving Ground reservation. It does not appear to have been fully manned and was equipped only with trainer aircraft.[1] In July 1948 Continental Air Command (ConAC) assumed responsibility for managing reserve and Air National Guard units from ADC.[10] President Truman’s reduced 1949 defense budget required reductions in the number of units in the Air Force,[11] and the 450th was inactivated[1] and not replaced as responsibility for military flying activity at the field was transferred to the Army.

Fighter operations[edit]

F-100s at Foster AFB in 1956[d]

The squadron was redesignated the 450th Fighter-Day Squadron and activated at Foster Air Force Base, Texas as Tactical Air Command took over Foster from Air Training Command (ATC). It was initially equipped with North American F-86 Sabre fighters, but by 1955 was replacing them with supersonic North American F-100 Super Sabres. However, the Air Force decided to close Foster. In November 1957, the 450th Fighter-Day Wing reduced to a single group and the squadron was inactivated along with other elements of the 322nd Fighter-Day Group.[1][4][12]

Navigator training[edit]

T-43 Bobcat as flown by the squadron

Reactivated in 1972 as an Air Training Command navigator training squadron. It conducted undergraduate navigator training for USAF, United States Navy, United States Marine Corps, and United States allies from, 1973-1992.[1]

Expeditionary operations[edit]

On 28 October 2008, the squadron was converted to provisional status as the 450th Expeditionary Flying Training Squadron and assigned to Air Combat Command to activate or inactivate as needed.[1] By October 2009, the squadron was activated at Kandahar Air Base, Afghanistan, where it was involved in training airmen of the Afghan National Army Air Corps with Soviet-built helicopters along with members of the Czech Air Force.[13] In October 2009, the squadron added three Mil Mi-35 Hind helicopters to the Mil Mi-17 Hips it was already using.[14]

Lineage[edit]

  • Constituted as the 450th Bombardment Squadron (Medium) on 19 June 1942
Activated on 17 July 1942
Redesignated 450th Bombardment Squadron, Medium on 20 August 1943
Inactivated on 17 December 1945
  • Redesignated 450th Bombardment Squadron, Light on 3 July 1947
Activated in the reserve on 10 August 1947
Inactivated on 27 June 1949
  • Redesignated 450th Fighter-Day Squadron on 24 March 1954
Activated on 1 July 1954
Inactivated on 18 November 1957
  • Redesignated 450th Flying Training Squadron on 28 July 1972
Activated on 1 April 1973
Inactivated on 10 November 1992
  • Redesignated 450th Expeditionary Flying Training Squadron and converted to provisional status on 28 Oct 2008[1]
  • Activated by 3 October 2009[14]
  • Inactivated unknown

Assignments[edit]

  • 322d Bombardment Group, 17 July 1942 - 17 December 1945
  • 322d Bombardment Group, 10 August 1947 - 27 June 1949
  • 322d Fighter-Day Group, 1 July 1954 - 18 November 1957
  • 323d Flying Training Wing, 1 April 1973
  • 323d Operations Group, 15 December 1991 - 10 November 1992
  • Air Combat Command, to activate or inactivate at any time after 28 Oct 2008[1]
Unknown October 2009

Stations[edit]

Aircraft[edit]

References[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ Approved 30 May 1973.
  2. ^ Approved 13 June 1955. Description: Over a red triangle with wide white border, outlined black, a stylized sabre-toothed tiger's head in his proper colors, yellow black, and white, his eyeball red, pupil green.
  3. ^ Airplane is Martin B-26B-25-MA Marauder, serial 41-31814, ER-F Bag of Bolts in flight over England. This plane was transferred to the 452d Bombardment Squadron and was shot down on 8 July 1944 by a Messerschmitt Bf 110G-4 flown by Maj Wolfgang Himming of Stab/Nachtjagdgeschwader 4 (Headquarters, Night Fighter Wing 4). One crewmember killed. Five bailed out, with three becoming prisoners of war and the other two evading capture. Missing Aircrew Report 6626.
  4. ^ Aircraft in foreground is North American F-100C-5-NA Super Sabre, serial 54-1775. This plane was shot down in Southeast Asia on 2 August 1968. Baugher, Joe (24 July 2023). "1954 USAF Serial Numbers". Joe Baugher. Retrieved 23 June 2024.
Citations
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Robertson, Patsy (21 November 2008). "Factsheet 450 Expeditionary Flying Training Squadron (ACC)". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Archived from the original on 19 October 2020. Retrieved 20 June 2024.
  2. ^ Maurer, Combat Squadrons, p. 556
  3. ^ a b Watkins, p. 98.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h Maurer, Combat Units, pp. 202-03
  5. ^ Maurer, Combat Squadrons, pp. 554-58
  6. ^ Freeman, p. 55
  7. ^ Freeman, pp. 248-49
  8. ^ Freeman, p. 56
  9. ^ Freeman, p. 58
  10. ^ "Abstract, Mission Project Closeup, Continental Air Command". Air Force History Index. 27 December 1961. Retrieved 24 March 2014.
  11. ^ Knaack, p. 25
  12. ^ Ravenstein, pp. 245-46
  13. ^ Lawrence, SSG Angelita (3 October 2009). "MI-35". U S Air Forces Central Public Affairs. Retrieved 20 June 2024.
  14. ^ a b c d e Kapinos, TSG Joseph (3 October 2009). "Mi-35 helicopters train at Kandahar". U S Air Forces Central Public Affairs. Retrieved 20 June 2024.
  15. ^ Station number in Anderson, p. 31.
  16. ^ Station number in Anderson, p. 33.
  17. ^ Station number in Johnson, p. 19.
  18. ^ Station number in Johnson, p. 60.
  19. ^ Station number in Johnson, p. 49.

Bibliography[edit]

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