AN/FPS-35
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The AN/FPS-35 frequency diversity radar was a long range search radar used in the early 1960s. It was one of the largest air defense radars ever produced, with its antenna and supporting structure mounted on one of the largest rolling-element bearings in the world (with a ball pitch of 12 ft 7 inches in diameter.).[1] In accordance with the Joint Electronics Type Designation System, the radar's designation represents the 35th design of an Army-Navy fixed radar(pulsed) electronic device for searching.[2][3]
Overview
[edit]Sperry Corporation built 12 long range radars (picking up objects 200 miles away) in the 1960s to succeed existing Semi Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) to provide enhanced electronic countermeasures (ECM). The systems operated at 420 to 450 MHz. The antennas weighed 70 to 80 short tons (64 to 73 t) and had numerous problems. The concrete tower bases were 84 feet 6 inches (25.76 m) high and 60 feet 3 inches (18.36 m) square in side dimensions.
The prototype was developed at the Thomasville Aircraft Control and Warning Station in Thomasville, Alabama.[4]
The 85 foot (26 m) enclosed radar towers that supported all 12 of the FPS-35 antennas were prominent landmarks. All these radar towers were of the same basic design with 10 made primarily from concrete and two based on a steel frame structure (Baker and Finley). Only the radar tower at Baker has been demolished.[4]
The 23 radar towers used by the AN/FPS-24 and the AN/FPS-35 radar sets were of similar designs (concrete or steel frame) and were designed under the direction of the Rome Air Development Center (RADC). The radar tower at Thomasville has an RADC plaque next to the one from the Sperry Corporation. Only the AN/FPS-35 tower at Baker included a radome to protect the antenna. This radome was attached to a separate steel tower called a Radome Support Structure (RSS) that surrounded the radar tower to its full height of 85 feet (26 m).[4] With the antenna, the structure's total height is 150 feet (46 m).
Montauk tower
[edit]AN/FPS-35 Radar Tower and Antenna | |
 The AN-FPS-35 Radar at Camp Hero State Park in Montauk, New York. The radar rises well above its surrounding trees. | |
| Nearest city | Montauk, New York |
|---|---|
| Coordinates | 41°3′44.81″N 71°52′28.24″W / 41.0624472°N 71.8745111°W |
| Built | 1960 |
| NRHP reference No. | 02000615 |
| Added to NRHP | June 4, 2002[5] |
All of the radars have been dismantled except for the one at Camp Hero State Park on the eastern tip of Long Island in Montauk, New York. It was the last to operate (January 1981) and the radar tower is the only one that still has an antenna on the roof and contains some of the radar set equipment and cabinets. The antenna was repaired with parts from the Sault Ste. Marie station after it closed in October 1979. The Montauk antenna is very corroded and can not be rotated.[4]
The structure was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.[5][6] Fishermen on the Atlantic Ocean and Block Island Sound lobbied to save it since the massive radar tower was a better daytime landmark than the Montauk Point Lighthouse.[7]
The 150-foot tower dominates the environs and can be seen from as far away as Charlestown, Rhode Island, to the east (22 miles) and Orient Point, New York (20 miles) to the west.
The Montauk radar has worked its way into an urban legend that it was used in time travel experiments called the Montauk Project.
List of towers
[edit]- AL Thomasville 31°56′18″N 87°45′01″W / 31.9382°N 87.7502°W
- CA Boron 35°04′56″N 117°34′56″W / 35.0823°N 117.5823°W
- MI Sault Ste. Marie 46°27′23″N 84°23′16″W / 46.4565°N 84.3878°W
- MI Selfridge 42°37′39″N 82°49′48″W / 42.6275°N 82.8300°W
- NV Fallon 39°24′19″N 118°43′21″W / 39.4054°N 118.7224°W
- NY Montauk 41°03′44″N 71°52′26″W / 41.0622°N 71.8740°W
- ND Finley 47°30′58″N 97°52′07″W / 47.5161°N 97.8687°W (steel tower, present)
- ND Fortuna 48°54′15″N 103°51′59″W / 48.9042°N 103.8665°W
- PA Benton 41°21′27″N 76°17′35″W / 41.3574°N 76.2930°W
- VA Manassas 38°37′44″N 77°26′19″W / 38.6288°N 77.4385°W
- WI Antigo 45°02′54″N 89°14′02″W / 45.048333°N 89.233889°W
- OR Baker 44°35′11″N 117°47′14″W / 44.586389°N 117.787222°W (steel tower, demolished)
References
[edit]- ^ Blatter, Francis P. (1960). "Mechanical Considerations in Antenna Design". Sperry Engineering Review: 55, 58.
- ^ Winkler, David F. (1997). "Radar Systems Classification Methods". Searching the Skies: The Legacy of the United States Cold War Defense Radar Program (PDF). Langley AFB, Virginia: United States Air Force Headquarters Air Combat Command. p. 73. LCCN 97020912.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ Avionics Department (2013). "Missile and Electronic Equipment Designations". Electronic Warfare and Radar Systems Engineering Handbook (PDF) (4 ed.). Point Mugu, California: Naval Air Warfare Center Weapons Division. pp. 2–8.1.
- ^ a b c d "AN/FPS-35". Radomes.org. Retrieved 2008-01-08.
- ^ a b "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. January 23, 2007.
- ^ Warren, James (February 2002). "National Register of Historic Places Registration: AN/FPS-35 Radar Tower and Antennae". New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation. Archived from the original on 2012-03-04. Retrieved 2008-07-28. Note: This includes "Accompanying 11 photos, undated". and "Accompanying nomination correspondence".
- ^ Drumm, Russell (December 23, 1999). "Rally Round The Radar". The East Hampton Star. Retrieved 2009-10-12.[permanent dead link]
See Also
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External links
[edit]
- Montauk, New York
- Ground radars
- Military radars of the United States
- Radars of the United States Air Force
- Military facilities on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state)
- Buildings and structures in Suffolk County, New York
- National Register of Historic Places in Suffolk County, New York
- Military equipment introduced in the 1960s
- Military electronics of the United States