Adjoint bundle
In mathematics, an adjoint bundle [1] is a vector bundle naturally associated to any principal bundle. The fibers of the adjoint bundle carry a Lie algebra structure making the adjoint bundle into a (nonassociative) algebra bundle. Adjoint bundles have important applications in the theory of connections as well as in gauge theory.
Formal definition
[edit]Let G be a Lie group with Lie algebra , and let P be a principal G-bundle over a smooth manifold M. Let
be the (left) adjoint representation of G. The adjoint bundle of P is the associated bundle
The adjoint bundle is also commonly denoted by . Explicitly, elements of the adjoint bundle are equivalence classes of pairs [p, X] for p ∈ P and X ∈ such that
for all g ∈ G. Since the structure group of the adjoint bundle consists of Lie algebra automorphisms, the fibers naturally carry a Lie algebra structure making the adjoint bundle into a bundle of Lie algebras over M.
Restriction to a closed subgroup
[edit]Let G be any Lie group with Lie algebra , and let H be a closed subgroup of G. Via the (left) adjoint representation of G on , G becomes a topological transformation group of . By restricting the adjoint representation of G to the subgroup H,
also H acts as a topological transformation group on . For every h in H, is a Lie algebra automorphism.
Since H is a closed subgroup of the Lie group G, the homogeneous space M=G/H is the base space of a principal bundle with total space G and structure group H. So the existence of H-valued transition functions is assured, where is an open covering for M, and the transition functions form a cocycle of transition function on M. The associated fibre bundle is a bundle of Lie algebras, with typical fibre , and a continuous mapping induces on each fibre the Lie bracket.[2]
Properties
[edit]Differential forms on M with values in are in one-to-one correspondence with horizontal, G-equivariant Lie algebra-valued forms on P. A prime example is the curvature of any connection on P which may be regarded as a 2-form on M with values in .
The space of sections of the adjoint bundle is naturally an (infinite-dimensional) Lie algebra. It may be regarded as the Lie algebra of the infinite-dimensional Lie group of gauge transformations of P which can be thought of as sections of the bundle where conj is the action of G on itself by (left) conjugation.
If is the frame bundle of a vector bundle , then has fibre the general linear group (either real or complex, depending on ) where . This structure group has Lie algebra consisting of all matrices , and these can be thought of as the endomorphisms of the vector bundle . Indeed there is a natural isomorphism .
Notes
[edit]- ^ Kolář, Michor & Slovák 1993, pp. 161, 400
- ^ Kiranagi, B.S. (1984), "Lie algebra bundles and Lie rings", Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. India A, 54: 38–44
References
[edit]- Kobayashi, Shoshichi; Nomizu, Katsumi (1996), Foundations of Differential Geometry, vol. 1, Wiley Interscience, ISBN 0-471-15733-3
- Kolář, Ivan; Michor, Peter; Slovák, Jan (1993), Natural operators in differential geometry, Springer, pp. 161, 400, ISBN 978-3-662-02950-3. As PDF