Agrochola lota

Red-line Quaker
	Living
	Mounted
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Superfamily:	Noctuoidea
Family:	Noctuidae
Genus:	Agrochola
Species:	A. lota
Binomial name
	Agrochola lota; (Clerck, 1759)

Agrochola lota, the red-line Quaker, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Carl Alexander Clerck in 1759. It is distributed throughout the whole of Europe except Scandinavia; in Armenia, Asia Minor, and east across the Palearctic to the Altai Mountains and western Siberia.It was introduced to Newfoundland. In the Alps, it rises at altitudes of just over 1500 metres.

Description

Forewing grey brown or leaden grey, often with a reddish tinge; inner and outer lines double, conversely lunulate-dentate, but rarely visible; a thick dark median shade; stigmata grey, with pinkish annuli edged with rufous, the lower half of reniform black; submarginal line nearly straight but angled on vein 7, pale with rufous inward edging; hindwing dark grey, with cell spot and submarginal cloud showing darker; the reddish examples in which the grey tints have entirely given place to rufous, form the ab. rufa Tutt; in rare cases the grey is darkened into black; this is ab. suffusa Tutt from Ireland; an equally rare form from England, in which the ground colour is whitish grey is pallida Tutt; in a form from Amasia, ab. subdita ab. nov. [Warren] the grey ground is duller and paler in both wings, and the black in lower lobe of reniform is much reduced.^[1] The spherical egg is initially yellowish white and turns dark reddish-brown before hatching. It is covered with strongly curled longitudinal ribs. Young larvae are bluish grey, fully grown they are grey to grey-brown and finely blackened. The underside is whitish grey to ochre. Dorsal and dorsolateral lines are white and partly slightly interrupted, the many white point warts are framed in black. The pupa has four curved thorns on the wide, short cremaster. The Asian sister species Agrochola plumbea (Wiltshire, 1941) can only be distinguished by means of a genital morphological examination.

A. lota is mainly found in humid habitats such as shores, floodplains, clearings, bogs and wet meadows.

The moth flies from September to October and is attracted to light.

The young caterpillars feed on the catkins of sallow and willow (Salix),^[2] progressing to eating leaves when mature. They hide in spun leaves by day and feed at night.

References

^ Seitz, A. Ed., 1914 Die Großschmetterlinge der Erde, Verlag Alfred Kernen, Stuttgart Band 3: Abt. 1, Die Großschmetterlinge des palaearktischen Faunengebietes, Die palaearktischen eulenartigen Nachtfalter, 1914
^ "Robinson, G. S., P. R. Ackery, I. J. Kitching, G. W. Beccaloni & L. M. Hernández, 2010. HOSTS – A Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants. Natural History Museum, London".

Gallery

Larva
Pupae
Pupa and cocoon
Habitat, France

External links

Kimber, Ian. "73.189 BF2263 Red-line Quaker Agrochola lota (Clerck, 1759)". UKMoths. Retrieved 22 January 2021.
Fauna Europaea
Savela, Markku, ed. (29 August 2020). "Agrochola lota (Clerck, 1759)". Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms. Retrieved 22 January 2021. Taxonomy
"09569 Agrochola lota (Clerck, 1759) - Dunkelgraue Herbsteule". Lepiforum e. V. Retrieved 22 January 2021. (in German)
"Zwartstipvlinder Agrochola lota". De Vlinderstichting. Retrieved 22 January 2021. (in Dutch)

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[1] Seitz, A. Ed., 1914 Die Großschmetterlinge der Erde, Verlag Alfred Kernen, Stuttgart Band 3: Abt. 1, Die Großschmetterlinge des palaearktischen Faunengebietes, Die palaearktischen eulenartigen Nachtfalter, 1914

[2] "Robinson, G. S., P. R. Ackery, I. J. Kitching, G. W. Beccaloni & L. M. Hernández, 2010. HOSTS – A Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants. Natural History Museum, London".

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