Andrzej Strug
Andrzej Strug | |
|---|---|
 Andrzej Strug, ca. 1933 | |
| Born | Tadeusz Gałecki 28 November 1871 Lublin, Congress Poland |
| Died | 9 December 1937 (aged 66) Warsaw, Poland |
| Nationality | Polish |
| Notable works | Chimera Żółty Krzyż |
Andrzej Strug, real name Tadeusz (or Stefan)[1] Gałecki (sources vary; 28 November 1871/1873 – 9 December 1937) was a Polish socialist politician, publicist and activist for Poland's independence.[2] He was also a freemason and declined the offer to join the prestigious Polish Academy of Literature,[3] upset by official criticism of the movement.[4]
Career
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Strug was active in several Polish organizations under military Partitions, and was a member of the Polish Socialist Party. In 1895 he was imprisoned by Tsarist authorities in the Warsaw Citadel, and in 1897 forcibly deported to Arkhangelsk Governorate. After another arrest in 1907, he was forced to leave the Russian Empire, exiled from the occupied Polish lands. He settled in Paris.[1]
During World War I, Strug fought in the First Brigade of the Polish Legions of Józef Piłsudski.[5] After Poland regained its independence in 1918, Strug remained active in political and social life. In 1923 he was involved in the foundation of the Airborne and Antigas Defence League.[6]
He also served as the Sovereign Commander of the Supreme Council, and the Grand Master, of the National Grand Lodge of Poland.[7]
In his works, he focused on the themes of war, and Polish Legions, as well as the ideas of social justice.
Works
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References
[edit]- ^ a b Czesław Miłosz (1983). The history of Polish literature. University of California Press. pp. 424, 431. ISBN 9780520044777. Retrieved December 14, 2011.
- ^ Friszke, Andrzej (1989). O kształt niepodległej. Warszawa: Biblioteka "Więzi". p. 51. ISBN 83-7006-014-5.
- ^ "Polska Akademia Literatury". Encyklopedia Onet.pl, Grupa Onet.pl SA. 2011. Archived from the original on September 19, 2007. Retrieved December 12, 2011.
- ^ Przemysław Waingertner (2002). "Mason ofiarny (Sacrificial Mason)" (in Polish). Magazine Wprost 42/1038. Retrieved December 12, 2011. See also: Google translation from Polish.
- ^ Friszke, Andrzej (1989). O kształt niepodległej. Warszawa: Biblioteka "Więzi". p. 55. ISBN 83-7006-014-5.
- ^ Łukaszewicz, Janusz (2003). "Liga Obrony Powietrznej Państwa". Skrzydlata Polska (11).
- ^ Henryk Michalski (2006). "Andrzej Strug (1871-1937). Freemason-revolutionist". Ars Regia Nr 2. Retrieved December 18, 2011.
