Arab fascism
Arab fascism (Arabic: الفاشية العربية) is a far-right ideology combining fascism with Arab nationalism.
History[edit]
The ideology emerged shortly after the First World War and grew during the interwar period. Arab fascists were extremely anti-Turkish, as their ideology was concurrent with the Arab independence from the Ottomans.[1] Arab fascism grew with support from Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy, and Arab fascists became increasingly antisemitic after the establishment of Israel.[2][3][4][5] Arab fascism first grew in Syria, Lebanon, Iraq, Palestine, and Egypt.[6][7][8][9] Some Arab fascists included Islamism in their nationalism, and some were secular.[10][11]
Michel Aflaq had purchased a copy of The Myth of the Twentieth Century, a book about Nazism.[12]
In 1941, Arab fascists in Iraq committed the Farhud, an antisemitic pogrom.[13][14][15][16]
References[edit]
- ^ International Journal of Middle East Studies 42 (2010), 311-32
- ^ Achim Rohde: State-Society Relations in Ba'thist Iraq: Facing Dictatorship, London / New York 2010.
- ^ Islamstudien ohne Ende, ed. Rainer Brunner et al. (= Abhandlungen für die Kunde des Morgenlandes 54,1), Würzburg 2002, 517-528.
- ^ Gershoni / James P. Jankowski: Confronting Fascism in Egypt: Dictatorship Versus Democracy in the 1930s, Stanford 2010;
- ^ Peter Wien: Iraqi Arab Nationalism: Authoritarian, Totalitarian and Pro-Fascist Inclinations, 1932-1941, London / New York 2006.
- ^ Jankowski & Gershoni 1995, p. 69.
- ^ Rabinovich, The war for Lebanon (1989), p. 80
- ^ "Near East: Trouble in Paradise". Time. 21 April 1941.
- ^ René Wildangel: Zwischen Achse und Mandatsmacht: Palästina und der Nationalsozialismus, ed. by Zentrum Moderner Orient (= ZMO- Studien 24), Berlin 2007.
- ^ Hourani, p. 326
- ^ Jankowski 1975, p. 49.
- ^ Wild 1985, p. 131.
- ^ Bashkin, Orit (20 November 2008). The Other Iraq: Pluralism and Culture in Hashemite Iraq. Stanford University Press. ISBN 9780804774154.
- ^ Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East & North Africa: D-K Por Philip Mattar, p. 860
- ^ Memories of state: politics, history, and collective identity in modern Iraq by Eric Davis Eric Davis, University of California Press, 2005, P. 14
- ^ Davis, Eric (April 2005). "History Matters: Past as Prologue in Building Democracy in Iraq". Orbis. 49 (2): 232. doi:10.1016/j.orbis.2005.01.004.
Bibliography[edit]
- Blamires, Cyprian (2006). World Fascism: A Historical Encyclopedia. Vol. 1. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 9781576079409.
- Jankowski, James P. (1975). Egypt's Young Rebels: "Young Egypt": 1933-1952. Hoover Institution Press. ISBN 9780817914516.
- Jankowski, James; Gershoni, Israel (1995). Redefining the Egyptian nation, 1930-1945. Cambridge Middle East Studies. ISBN 9780521475358.
- Wild, Stefan (1 January 1985). "National Socialism in the Arab Near East Between 1933 and 1939". Die Welt des Islams. 25 (1–4): 126–173. doi:10.1163/157006085X00053. JSTOR 1571079 – via JSTOR.
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