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Armenian Genocide Memorial Church, Der Zor

Coordinates: 35°20′20″N 40°08′30″E / 35.3387805°N 40.1417138°E / 35.3387805; 40.1417138
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Armenian Genocide Martyrs' Memorial Church
Religion
AffiliationArmenian Apostolic Church
RegionDeir ez-Zor
Year consecrated4 May 1991
StatusRuined
Location
LocationDeir ez-Zor, Syria
Armenian Genocide Memorial Church, Der Zor is located in Syria
Armenian Genocide Memorial Church, Der Zor
Shown within Syria
Geographic coordinates35°20′20″N 40°08′30″E / 35.3387805°N 40.1417138°E / 35.3387805; 40.1417138
Architecture
Architect(s)Sarkis Balmanougian, Garbis Tovmasian
TypeChurch
StyleArmenian
Groundbreaking1985
Completed1990
Destroyed2014

Armenian Genocide Martyrs' Memorial (Armenian: Մեծ Եղեռնի Նահատակաց Յուշահամալիր; Arabic: كنيسة شهداء الأرمن) in Deir ez-Zor, Syria, was a complex dedicated to victims of the Armenian genocide. The construction of the Martyrs' Memorial started in December 1989 and was completed in November 1990. It was consecrated on 4 May 1991 by Catholicos Karekin II of the Armenian Catholicosate of Cilicia. The memorial complex served as church, museum, monument, archive centre and exhibition.[1] It was under the direct administration of the Armenian Prelacy, Diocese of Aleppo. Every year, on 24 April, tens of thousands of Armenian pilgrims from all over the world visited the Deir ez-Zor complex to commemorate the genocide victims, with the presence of their religious leaders.

On 21 September 2014, the memorial complex was blown up, reportedly by members of Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant.

Background

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Deir ez-Zor was designated as the final destination point of the Armenian refugees who were driven out from their lands into a long march within the Syrian desert. That point of the desert was the site of the annihilation of the remaining refugees who were forced by the Ottoman Turks to death marches. Those major killing centres in the region came to be known as Deir ez-Zor camps.

The location of the memorial was a plot of land which had been used as a burial site and concentration camp, and site of execution during the genocide. Later, through the efforts of the Armenian community in Deir ez-Zor, a small chapel dedicated to Saint Hripsime was built in the same place. The new memorial complex replaced this older structure. By the initiative of the Armenian Apostolic Church, Diocese of Aleppo, the ground-blessing ceremony took place on 12 May 1985.

The Genocide Memorial was a large, freestanding sculptural work. At its base the remains of genocide victims were buried. The complex consisted of a circular glass display of genocide victims' remains, out of which a white-marble tower was grown, flanked by khachkars (cross-stones).

The complex

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The Wall of Friendship

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The architecture of the edifice was designed to immortalize the memory of the innocent martyrs. It consisted of a main entrance, through which one went up to the courtyard with stairs that symbolize the horrible catastrophes and disasters that the Armenian nation was subjected to, but without surrendering to pains, they continued to live proudly and with self-esteem. The facade of the main entrance from inside was decorated with pigeon and crosses to express the struggle and sacrifice to achieve peace. On the right side of the courtyard there was the Wall of Friendship which was decorated with different Arabesque and Armenian-style inscriptions as a kind of symbolic expression of the close ties between these two nations. The two continuously flowing springs on this wall mentioned to the inexhaustible life and donation.

The Monument

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Opposite to the main entrance a huge monument was constructed for the memory of the Armenian martyrs. A cross-stone, which was brought from Armenia, was placed on this monument. In front of the monument, the eternity fire burnt continuously. On both sides, one could see five samples of different Armenian genocide monuments found in the whole world. On the left side of the monument there was the memorial wall which carried a number of cross-stones ornamented with beautiful Armenian decorations.

The Church and the Museum

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The main structure of the complex, the church with its museum, was constructed on the left side of the courtyard. The church pointed upwards to embrace the sky with pride and glory. Underneath the church was a hall from which a huge column, the Column of Resurrection, rose up, passing through the middle of the church. Around the base of the column were the remnants of victims of the genocide, bones that were dug from the Syrian desert, placed to act as a witness of the death marches. The column referred to the struggle and the revival of the Armenian nation. The hall acted as a small museum, containing books, publications and documentary photographs exhibited to narrate the story of the sufferings during the genocide.

Destruction

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On 21 September 2014, the memorial complex was blown up. Most reports blamed the destruction on militants belonging to Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant.[2][3] However, Shahan Sarkisian, Prelate of Aleppo, said that the identity of the perpetrators "is not verified", and pointed out that, unlike other examples of demolitions by Islamic State, there was no attempt to disseminate footage of the destruction. Robert Fisk wrote that fighters from Jabhat al-Nusra appeared to be the culprits.[4] Commenting on this, Sam Hardy pointed out that Islamic State was in control of Der Zor at the time of the memorial's destruction but that it was possible the act was committed by former Jabhat al-Nusra fighters now serving under the flag of Islamic State.[5]

Aram I, Catholicos of the Armenian Catholicosate of the Great House of Cilicia of the Armenian Apostolic Church, condemned the destruction of the Armenian Church in Syria. According to the Catholicos, it was a specifically planned crime aimed against the Church that was dedicated to the memory of the victims of the Armenian Genocide as well as against the museum affiliated with the church. "We view this atrocity, committed in the run-up to the Armenian Genocide centennial and on the 23rd anniversary of Armenia's independence, as an act of barbarism”, said Aram I.[6]

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  • Relief carving inside the museum
    Relief carving inside the museum
  • The museum and the Resurrection column with remnants of martyrs around it
    The museum and the Resurrection column with remnants of martyrs around it
  • The Monument with the khachkar cross-stone
    The Monument with the khachkar cross-stone
  • Pilgrims gathered at the memorial
    Pilgrims gathered at the memorial

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Armenian National Institute: Genocide Memorials".
  2. ^ "IS said to destroy Armenian Genocide memorial". The Times of Israel. 22 September 2014. Retrieved 22 November 2019.
  3. ^ "Who destroyed the Armenian Genocide Martyrs' Memorial Church in Deir Ezzor?". Conflict Antiquities. WordPress. 12 November 2014. Retrieved 20 March 2015.
  4. ^ Fisk, Robert (10 November 2014). "Jabhat al-Nusra blows up Armenian church in Deir el-Zour: A savage blow that echoes through Armenian history". The Independent. Retrieved 22 November 2019.
  5. ^ Hardy, Sam (11 November 2014). "Who Blew Up the Armenian Genocide Memorial Church in Deir el-Zour?". Hyperallergic. Retrieved 22 November 2019.
  6. ^ Hayrumyan, Naira (24 September 2014). "Middle East Terror: Memory of Armenian Genocide victims targeted by ISIS militants". ArmeniaNow. Archived from the original on 5 September 2015. Retrieved 22 November 2019.
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