Bion 11
| Mission type | Bioscience |
|---|---|
| Operator | Institute of Biomedical Problems |
| COSPAR ID | 1996-073A |
| SATCAT no. | 24701 |
| Mission duration | 14 days (achieved) |
| Spacecraft properties | |
| Spacecraft | Bion 11 |
| Spacecraft type | Bion |
| Bus | Zenit |
| Manufacturer | TsSKB Progress |
| Launch mass | 5,400 kg (11,900 lb)[1] |
| Start of mission | |
| Launch date | 24 December 1996, 13:50:00 UTC |
| Rocket | Soyuz 11A511U (s/n V15000-050) |
| Launch site | Plesetsk, Site 43/4 |
| Contractor | TsSKB Progress |
| End of mission | |
| Recovered by | Russian Space Forces |
| Landing date | 7 January 1997, 05:02 UTC |
| Landing site | Kustani, Kazakhstan |
| Orbital parameters | |
| Reference system | Geocentric orbit[2] |
| Regime | Low Earth orbit |
| Perigee altitude | 225.4 km (140.1 mi) |
| Apogee altitude | 401.1 km (249.2 mi) |
| Inclination | 62.80° |
| Period | 90.50 minutes |
| Revolution no. | 214 |
Bion 11 was a Russian biological research satellite that was part of the Bion programme. Scientists from France, Russia and United States conducted the experiments. Bion 11 was launched from the Plesetsk Cosmodrome aboard a Soyuz-U launch vehicle. It carried two monkeys named Lalik and Multik. The spacecraft type was based on the Zenit reconnaissance satellite and launches of Bion satellites began in 1973 with primary emphasis on the problems of radiation effects on human beings. Launches in the program included Kosmos 110, 605, 670, 782, plus Nauka modules flown on Zenit-2M reconnaissance satellites. 90 kg of equipment could be contained in the external Nauka module.[3]
Mission
[edit]It carried newts, snails, Drosophila flies and other insects, bacteria, and two macaque monkeys (Macaca mulatta), Lapik and Multik. Both monkeys were safe at landing but Multik died of a heart attack during medical tests under general anaesthetic on 8 January 1997.
The Magee-8 scientific equipment was designed to study the basic features of electrostatic modular protection system. Other equipment was used to maintain the temperature and humidity within the specified range, the atmospheric regeneration, physiological parameters of the monkeys were recorded and transferred them to the ground in TV picture.
Bion 12
[edit]A similar mission "Bion-12" was scheduled for December 1998 but did not take place due to cessation of participation of the United States.
See also
[edit]
References
[edit]- ^ Mark Wade Bion Archived 2 June 2012 at the Wayback Machine Encyclopedia Astronautica Retrieved 2016-06-17
- ^ "Trajectory: Bion 11 1996-073A". NASA. 13 April 2021. Retrieved 24 April 2021.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ "Display: Bion 11 1996-073A". NASA. 13 April 2021. Retrieved 24 April 2021. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
External links
[edit]
 | This article about one or more spacecraft of the Russian Federation is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |