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Birth Control Review

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Cover of Birth Control Review July 1919 with cartoon image by Lou Rogers, "Must She Always Plead in Vain?"
Cover of Birth Control Review February–March 1918 with cartoon image by Cornelia Barns, "The New Voter at Work."

Birth Control Review was a lay magazine established and edited by Margaret Sanger in 1917, three years after her friend, Otto Bobsein, coined the term "birth control" to describe voluntary motherhood or the ability of a woman to space children "in keeping with a family's financial and health resources."[1] Sanger published the first issue while imprisoned with Ethel Byrne, her sister, and Fannie Mindell for giving contraceptives and instruction to poor women at the Brownsville Clinic in New York.[2][3] Sanger remained editor-in-chief until 1928, when she turned it over to the American Birth Control League.[1] The last issue was published in January 1940.[4]

History

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The predecessor to the Birth Control Review was Sanger’s previous publication titled “The Woman Rebel,” a seven-issue periodical running March--October 1914.[5] This journal was the first to publish the term “birth control” in print. This would subsequently lead to Sanger's use of the term to mobilize the Birth Control movement of the 20th century.

In October 1916, Sanger opened a family planning and birth control clinic in Brownsville, Brooklyn, New York. Sanger was arrested twice while in operation for the illegal distribution of contraceptives and for being a public nuisance. Sanger was charged with 30 days in jail, where she began publishing the Birth Control Review (1917).

Sanger’s brief stay in prison and its surrounding publicity launched her into martyrdom. It also sparked a revitalized interest in the birth control moment, earning her numerous donors to support her periodical. Sanger remained editor-in-chief until 1928, when she stepped down, and the American Birth Control League took over.

Content

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The main goal of the Review was to increase public support for birth control by attracting the support of doctors, legislators, academics, and the middle class and wealthy society women. The BCR urged its readers join groups such as American Birth Control League (which spanned 10 different branches and later became Planned Parenthood). Content included news of birth control activities, articles by scholars, activists, and writers on birth control, and reviews of books and other publications. The Review also included art and fiction in the form of cartoons, poetry and short stories as well as case studies and first hand accounts from women, often lower-class people of color.

Circulation

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The Comstock Act of 1873 made mailing information about birth control and contraceptives, as well as any "article, instrument, substance, drug, medicine, or thing" intended for birth control or abortion, illegal. By 1919, most states also had laws that somehow condemned distributing or promoting contraceptives.[6]

References

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  1. ^ a b Lagerway, Mary D. (1999). "Nursing, social contexts, and ideologies in the early United States birth control movement". Nursing Inquiry. 6 (4): 250–258. doi:10.1046/j.1440-1800.1999.00037.x. PMID 10696211.
  2. ^ "Mrs. Sanger defies courts before 3,000". The New York Times. January 30, 1917. p. 4.
  3. ^ "League backs up "Birth Control"". The Washington Post. February 12, 1917. p. 7.
  4. ^ "Margaret Sanger Papers Project". New York University. Retrieved 27 March 2012.
  5. ^ "Electronic Samples from The Margaret Sanger Papers Project". modeleditions.blackmesatech.com. Retrieved 2023-04-16.
  6. ^ "Wayback Machine". 2017-12-22. Archived from the original on 2017-12-22. Retrieved 2023-04-16.
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Further reading

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Rachel Schreiber. “’Breed!’: the graphic satire of the Birth Control Review, in eds. Tormey and Whiteley, Art, Politics and the Pamphleteer (London: Bloomsbury, 2020), 256-273.

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