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Brodmann area 9

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Brodmann area 9
Details
Identifiers
Latinarea frontalis granularis
NeuroNames1024
NeuroLex IDbirnlex_1740
FMA68606
Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy

Brodmann area 9, or BA9, refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined portion of the frontal cortex in the brain of humans and other primates. Its cytoarchitecture is referred to as granular due to the concentration of granule cells in layer IV.[1] It contributes to the dorsolateral and medial prefrontal cortex.

Functions

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The area is involved in short term memory,[2] evaluating recency,[3] overriding automatic responses,[4] verbal fluency,[5] error detection,[6] auditory verbal attention,[7] inferring the intention of others,[8] inferring deduction from spatial imagery,[9] inductive reasoning,[10] attributing intention,[11] sustained attention involved in counting a series of auditory stimuli,[12] and displays lower levels of energy consumption in individuals suffering from bipolar disorder.[13]

The area found on the left hemisphere is at least partially responsible for empathy,[14] idioms,[15][16] processing pleasant and unpleasant emotional scenes,[17] self criticisms[18] and attention to negative emotions.[19]

On the right hemisphere the region is involved in attributing intention,[20] theory of mind,[21] suppressing sadness,[22] working memory,[23][24][25] spatial memory,[26][27] recognition,[28][29][30] recall,[29][31][32] recognizing the emotions of others,[33] planning,[34] calculation,[35][36] semantic and perceptual processing of odors,[37] religiosity,[38] and attention to positive emotions.[19]

Guenon

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Brodmann area 9 also exists in the frontal lobe of the guenon. Brodmann-1909 regarded it on the whole as topographically and cytoarchitecturally homologous to the granular frontal area 9 and frontopolar area 10 in the human. Distinctive features (Brodmann-1905): Unlike Brodmann area 6 (Brodmann-1909), area 9 has a distinct internal granular layer (IV); unlike Brodmann area 6 or Brodmann area 8 (Brodmann-1909), its internal pyramidal layer (V) is divisible into two sublayers, an outer layer 5a of densely distributed medium-size ganglion cells that partially merges with layer IV, and an inner, clearer, cell-poor layer 5b; the pyramidal cells of sublayer 3b of the external pyramidal layer (III) are smaller and sparser in distribution; the external granular layer (II) is narrow, with small numbers of sparsely distributed granule cells.[39]

Image

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  • Animation.
    Animation.
  • front view.
    front view.
  • Lateral view.
    Lateral view.
  • Medial view.
    Medial view.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Vasković, Jana (2023-11-03), Cytoarchitecture of cerebral cortex, Kenhub GmbH
  2. ^ Babiloni C, Ferretti A, Del Gratta C, et al. (May 2005). "Human cortical responses during one-bit delayed-response tasks: an fMRI study". Brain Research Bulletin. 65 (5): 383–90. doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2005.01.013. PMID 15833592. S2CID 8559918.
  3. ^ Zorrilla LT, Aguirre GK, Zarahn E, Cannon TD, D'Esposito M (November 1996). "Activation of the prefrontal cortex during judgments of recency: a functional MRI study". NeuroReport. 7 (15–17): 2803–6. doi:10.1097/00001756-199611040-00079. PMID 8981471.
  4. ^ Kübler A, Dixon V, Garavan H (August 2006). "Automaticity and reestablishment of executive control-an fMRI study". Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience. 18 (8): 1331–42. doi:10.1162/jocn.2006.18.8.1331. hdl:2262/24759. PMID 16859418. S2CID 12786454.
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  39. ^  This article incorporates text available under the CC BY 3.0 license.[unreliable source?] "BrainInfo". Archived from the original on December 7, 2013. Retrieved 2013-12-03.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
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