Carapa

Carapa
	Carapa guianensis
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Sapindales
Family:	Meliaceae
Subfamily:	Cedreloideae
Genus:	Carapa; Aubl.
Species
	See text
	Range of Carapa guianensis

Carapa is a genus of flowering plants in the mahogany family, Meliaceae. These are trees up to 30 meters tall occurring in tropical South America, Central America,^[1] and Africa. Common names include andiroba and crabwood.

Diversity

The list of species within this genus is still under discussion. Generally recognized species are:

Carapa guianensis (andiroba, crabwood): Amazon Region, Central America, Caribbean
Carapa megistocarpa (tangare): Ecuador
Carapa procera (African crabwood, kowi, okoto): West Africa, the Congos

Other proposed species:

Uses

The timber is important, and oil is produced from the seeds. The name andiroba is from Nheengatu nhandi rob, meaning "bitter oil". Carapa guianensis produces oil similar^{[clarification needed]} to neem oil.

The oil contained in the almond andiroba is light yellow and extremely bitter. When subjected to a temperature below 25 °C, it solidifies producing a consistency like that of petroleum jelly. The oil contains olein, palmitine and glycerin.^{[citation needed]}

Andiroba oil is one of the most commonly sold medicinal oils in the Amazon.^{[citation needed]} It is also used to repel mosquitoes by forming an oilseed cake into balls and burned, or mixed with annatto (Bixa orellana) and formed into a paste applied topically to protect the body from mosquito bites.^[5]

Andiroba oil is extracted from light brown seeds collected from beaches and rivers, where they float after being shed by the trees or from the forest ground.

References

^ Hogan, C. M. 2008. Isthmian-Atlantic moist forests. Encyclopedia of Earth, World Wildlife Fund, National Council of Science and the Environment.
^ Forget P. M.; et al. (2009). "A new species of Carapa (Meliaceae) from Central Guyana" (PDF). Brittonia. 61 (4): 366–74. Bibcode:2009Britt..61..366F. doi:10.1007/s12228-009-9090-z. S2CID 19752493. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 January 2014. Retrieved 24 July 2013.
^ ^a ^b Kenfack D.; Peréz A. J. (2011). "Two new species of Carapa (Meliaceae) from western Ecuador". Systematic Botany. 36 (1): 124–28. doi:10.1600/036364411X553207. S2CID 84576060.
^ Kenfack D (2011). "Carapa vasquezii (Meliaceae), a new species from western Amazonia" (PDF). Brittonia. 63 (1): 7–10. Bibcode:2011Britt..63....7K. doi:10.1007/s12228-010-9163-z. S2CID 32782210.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
^ Miot HA, Batistella RF, Batista Kde A, Volpato DE, Augusto LS, Madeira NG, Haddad V Jr, Miot LD (2004). "Comparative study of the topical effectiveness of the Andiroba oil (Carapa guianensis) and DEET 50% as repellent for Aedes sp". Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 46 (5): 253–6. doi:10.1590/s0036-46652004000500004. hdl:11449/11741. PMID 15517027.

External links

Carapa.org - information about genus Carapa

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[hogan-1] Hogan, C. M. 2008. Isthmian-Atlantic moist forests. Encyclopedia of Earth, World Wildlife Fund, National Council of Science and the Environment.

[akuri-2] Forget P. M.; et al. (2009). "A new species of Carapa (Meliaceae) from Central Guyana" (PDF). Brittonia. 61 (4): 366–74. Bibcode:2009Britt..61..366F. doi:10.1007/s12228-009-9090-z. S2CID 19752493. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 January 2014. Retrieved 24 July 2013.

[alti-3] Kenfack D.; Peréz A. J. (2011). "Two new species of Carapa (Meliaceae) from western Ecuador". Systematic Botany. 36 (1): 124–28. doi:10.1600/036364411X553207. S2CID 84576060.

[vas-4] Kenfack D (2011). "Carapa vasquezii (Meliaceae), a new species from western Amazonia" (PDF). Brittonia. 63 (1): 7–10. Bibcode:2011Britt..63....7K. doi:10.1007/s12228-010-9163-z. S2CID 32782210.^{[permanent dead link‍]}

[5] Miot HA, Batistella RF, Batista Kde A, Volpato DE, Augusto LS, Madeira NG, Haddad V Jr, Miot LD (2004). "Comparative study of the topical effectiveness of the Andiroba oil (Carapa guianensis) and DEET 50% as repellent for Aedes sp". Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 46 (5): 253–6. doi:10.1590/s0036-46652004000500004. hdl:11449/11741. PMID 15517027.

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