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Chongqi (official)

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Chongqi
崇綺
Minister of Revenue
In office
16 July – 26 August 1900
Serving with Wang Wenshao
Preceded byLishan
Succeeded byJingxin
In office
11 November 1884 – 3 January 1886
Serving with Yan Jingming
Preceded byElhebu
Succeeded byFukun
Minister of Personnel
In office
3 January – 16 March 1886
Serving with Xu Tong
Preceded byEncheng
Succeeded byXizhen
General of Mukden
In office
30 August 1881 – 19 January 1884
Preceded byQiyuan
Succeeded byQingyu
Personal details
Born1829
DiedAugust 26, 1900(1900-08-26) (aged 70–71)
Baoding
Spouse(s)Lady Aisin Gioro (daughter of Duanhua),
Lady Aisin Gioro (sister of Fukun),
Lady Gūwalgiya
RelationsDuanhua (father-in-law), Imperial Noble Consort Gongsu (sister), Empress Xiaozheyi (daughter), Baochu (son), Yixiang (daughter-in-law)
Parents
Educationzhuangyuan degree in the 1865 imperial examination
Occupationpolitician
Clan nameAlut (阿魯特)
Courtesy nameWenshan (文山)
Posthumous nameWenjie (文節)
Military service
AllegianceQing dynasty
Branch/serviceMongolian Plain Blue Banner, later Manchu Bordered Yellow Banner[1]
Battles/warsTaiping Rebellion
Second Opium War
Boxer Rebellion

Chongqi (Chinese: 崇綺, 1829–1900), courtesy name Wenshan (文山), was a Qing dynasty official from the Alut clan[2] (阿魯特氏). He was the father of Empress Xiaozheyi.

Chongqi was the third son of Saišangga. He started out in official life by purchasing the degree of a licentiate.[3] In 1865, he obtained zhuangyuan degree in the imperial examination and was selected a xiuzhuan (修撰) of the Hanlin Academy. He was the only Mongolian zhuangyuan in the Qing Dynasty, scholar-officials praised him highly. Chongqi had served as Secretary of Cabinet (內閣學士), Vice Minister of Personnel (吏部侍郎), Vice Minister of Revenue (戶部侍郎), deputy lieutenant-general of the Han Chinese Bordered Yellow Banner (鑲黃旗漢軍副都統), lieutenant-general of Rehe (熱河都統), general of Mukden (盛京將軍), Minister of Personnel and other positions.[4]

As an official hostile to Christianity, Chongqi was promoted to the Minister of Revenue by Empress Dowager Cixi during the Boxer Rebellion.[5] He and Xu Tong, submitted a memorial to the court unambiguously demanding the killing of all Chinese Christians and foreigners in China.[6] When Beijing fell to the Eight-Nation Alliance in 1900, Sawara Tokusuke (佐原篤介), a Japanese journalist, wrote in Miscellaneous Notes about the Boxers (拳事雜記) about the rapes of Manchu and Mongol banner girls. Sawara alleged that a daughter and wife of Chongqi were allegedly gang-raped by soldiers of the Eight-Nation Alliance.[7] Chongqi's wife, Lady Gūwalgiya, jumped into a pit and ordered her servants to bury her alive. His son Baochu (葆初), and four grandsons, met the same fate.[4] In the meantime Chongqi fled to Baoding together with Ronglu. After learning of his family's tragic fate, Chongqi committed suicide by hanging.[8]

Family

[edit]
  • Primary consort, of the Aisin Giolo clan (愛新覺羅氏), daughter of Duanhua, Prince Zheng of the First Rank (和碩鄭親王端華)
  • Second primary consort, of the Aisin Giolo clan (愛新覺羅氏), daughter of Vice Commander-in-chief of Jilin Zaiyao (吉林副都統 載耀), sister of Grand Secretary Fukun (大學士 福錕)
  • Third primary consort, of the Gūwalgiya clan (瓜爾佳氏, died 1900), daughter of regional commander Changrui (總兵 長瑞)
    • Son: Baochu, Junior Assistant Chamberlain of the Imperial Guard (散秩大臣 葆初, died 1900)

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "(阿魯特)崇綺".
  2. ^ "Baqi Manzhou shizu tongpu 八旗滿洲氏族通譜".
  3. ^ Hummel, Arthur W. Sr., ed. (1943). "Ch'ung-ch'i" . Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period. United States Government Printing Office.
  4. ^ a b Works related to 清史稿/卷468 at Wikisource (Draft History of Qing Volume 468)
  5. ^ "奕劻在义和团运动中的庐山真面目". National Qing History Compilation Committee.
  6. ^ Clark, Anthony E. (2015). Heaven in Conflict: Franciscans and the Boxer Uprising in Shanxi. University of Washington Press. p. 45. ISBN 9780295805405.
  7. ^ Tokusuke, Sawara (1973). "Miscellaneous Notes about the Boxers" (Quanshi zaji)". Compiled Materials on the Boxers (Yihetuan wenxian huibian). Dingwen. p. 266–268.
  8. ^ "庚子劫——八国联军劫掠北京".