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Cladocyclus

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Cladocyclus Temporal range: Albian-Cenomanian ~112.6–94.3 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N

Fossil of C. gardneri
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	†Ichthyodectiformes
Family:	†Cladocyclidae
Genus:	†Cladocyclus Agassiz, 1841
Species
C. gardneri Agassiz, 1841 C. geddesi Berrell, 2014

Cladocyclus (derived from the Greek κλάδος/kládos ("branch") and κύκλος/kýklos ("circle")^[1]) is an extinct genus of marine ichthyodectiform fish from the middle Cretaceous. It was a predatory fish of about 1.20 metres (3.9 ft) in length.

It contains the following species:

†C. gardneri Agassiz, 1841 - Albian of northeastern Brazil (Romualdo and Crato Formations of the Araripe Basin) (=C. ferus Santos, 1950)^[2]
†C. geddesi Berell, 2014 - late Albian of Queensland, Australia (Winton Formation)^[3]

An indeterminate specimen, previously assigned to Chirocentrites, is known from the Albian-aged Pietraroja Plattenkalk of Italy.^[4] Indeterminate specimens, represented by complete remains, are also known from the Cenomanian of Morocco^[3]^[5], which are not to be confused with C. pankowskii, which was discovered in the Kem Kem Beds in 2007, but has since been reclassified to the genus Aidachar.^[6]^[7]

The species C. lewesiensis Agassiz, 1887 from the Cenomanian of England and C. strehlensis Geinitz, 1868 from the Turonian of Germany, which were described based only on fossil scales, are considered nomen dubia and likely do not belong to this genus.^[3]^[8]^[9] The dubious species C. occidentalis Leidy, 1857 from the Coniacian-to-Campanian-aged Niobrara Formation of South Dakota, US is based on scales that likely belong to Ichthyodectes ctenodon.^[10]

Gallery[edit]

Cladocyclus gardneri
Fossil in Vienna

References[edit]

^ NOMENCLATOR ZOOLOGICUS – NOMENCLATORE ZOOLOGICO. Pisces
^ de Castro Leal, Maria Eduarda; Brito, Paulo M (2004-04-01). "The ichthyodectiform Cladocyclus gardneri (Actinopterygii: Teleostei) from the Crato and Santana Formations, Lower Cretaceous of Araripe Basin, North-Eastern Brazil". Annales de Paléontologie. 90 (2): 103–113. doi:10.1016/j.annpal.2004.01.001. ISSN 0753-3969.
^ ^a ^b ^c Berrell; Alvarado-Ortega; Yabumoto; Salisbury, Rodney W.; Jesús; Yoshitaka; Steven W. (7 June 2014). "The First Record of the Ichthyodectiform Fish Cladocyclus from Eastern Gondwana: A New Species from the Lower Cretaceous of Queensland, Australia". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 59 (4): 903–902. doi:10.4202/app.2012.0019. S2CID 59019268.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Signore, M.; Pede, C.; Bucci, E.; C., Barbera (2006). "First report of the genus Cladocyclus in the Lower Cretaceous of Pietraroja (Southern Italy)". Bollettino della Societa Paleontologica Italiana. 45 (1): 141.
^ Martill, David M.; Ibrahim, Nizar; Brito, Paulo M.; Baider, Lahssen; Zhouri, Samir; Loveridge, Robert; Naish, Darren; Hing, Richard (2011-08-01). "A new Plattenkalk Konservat Lagerstätte in the Upper Cretaceous of Gara Sbaa, south-eastern Morocco". Cretaceous Research. 32 (4): 433–446. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2011.01.005. ISSN 0195-6671.
^ Forey, Peter L.; Cavin, Lionel (2007). "A new species of Cladocyclus (Teleostei: Ichthyodectiformes) from the Cenomanian of Morocco" (PDF). Palaeontologia Electronica.
^ Mkhitaryan, T.G.; Averianov, A.O. (2011-06-25). "New material and phylogenetic position of Aidachar paludalis Nesov, 1981 (Actinopterygii, Ichthyodectiformes) from the Late Cretaceous of Uzbekistan". Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RAS. 315 (2): 181–192. doi:10.31610/trudyzin/2011.315.2.181. ISSN 0206-0477.
^ Cockerell, T. D. A. (1917). "European Fossil Fish-Scales". The American Naturalist. 51 (601): 61–63. doi:10.1086/279587. ISSN 0003-0147.
^ Ekrt, Boris; Košt'ák, Martin; Mazuch, Martin; Voigt, Silke; Wiese, Frank (2008). "New records of teleosts from the Late Turonian (Late Cretaceous) of the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin (Czech Republic)". Cretaceous Research. 29 (4): 659–673. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2008.01.013. ISSN 0195-6671.
^ Schumacher, Bruce (1997). "Fossil Vertebrates of the Niobrara Formation in South Dakota, 1998". Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Science. 76.

Teleostei sensu de Pinna, 1996 (= Teleosteomorpha)

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Subclass: Neopterygii

- see Actinopterygii

see Neopterygii
Teleostei	see below↓

†Atacamichthys †Baleiichthys †Barschichthys †Bunoderma †Ceramurus †Dorsetichthys †Elpistoichthys †Eurycormus †Galkinia †Grimmenichthys †Hengnania †Hulettia? †Hungkiichthys †Ichthyokentema †Jialingichthys †Koonwarria †Ligulella †Luxembourgichthys †Majokia †Marcopoloichthys †Neobaleiichthys †Oligopleurus? †Pholidophorichthys †Pholidophoroides †Pholidophoropsis †Prohalecites †Ruedersdorfia †Seefeldia †Seinstedtia †Signeuxella
†Pachycormidae	Asthenocormus Australopachycormus Bonnerichthys Eugnathides? Euthynotus Germanostomus Haasichthys Hypsocormus Kaykay Leedsichthys Martillichthys Notodectes Ohmdenia Orthocormus Pachycormus Protosphyraena Pseudoasthenocormus Rhinconichthys Sauropsis Saurostomus Simocormus
†Aspidorhynchidae	Aspidorhynchus Belonostomus Jonoichthys Pseudovinctifer Richmondichthys Vinctifer
†Pholidophoridae sensu stricto	Annaichthys Ceneichthys Eopholidophorus Knerichthys Lombardichthys Malingichthys Parapholidophorus Pholidoctenus Pholidophoretes Pholidophorus Pholidorhynchodon Pseudopholidoctenus Zambellichthys
†Archaeomaenidae	Aphnelepis Archaeomaene Gurvanichthys Oreochima Wadeichthys Zaxilepis
†Siyuichthyidae	Bogdaichthys Dsungarichthys Manasichthys Siyuichthys Wukangia
†Pleuropholidae	Austropleuropholis Gondwanapleuropholis Parapleuropholis Pleuropholis Zurupleuropholis
†Ankylophoridae	Ankylophorus Lehmanophorus Neopholidophoropsis Pholidophoristion Siemensichthys Songaichthys Steurbautichthys
†Catervariolidae	Catervariolus Kisanganichthys Songanella
Teleosts with cycloid scales	see below↓
Otolith taxa	†Archengraulis †Bicavolithus †Doggerichthys †Sphaeronchus †Xenoleptolepis

Leedsichthys problematicus

Ichthyokentema purbeckensis

Teleosts with cycloid scales

Teleosts with cycloid scales

†Leptolepidae

†Luisiellidae

†Ascalaboidae

†Crossognathiformes

Bavarichthys Chongichthys Salminops?
Varasichthyidae?	Bobbichthys Domeykos Luisichthys Protoclupea Varasichthys
Notelopidae	Bavarichthys? Michin? Notelops Nusaviichthys
Crossognathidae	Apsopelix Crossognathus
Pachyrhizodontidae	Apricenapiscis Aquilopiscis Cavinichthys Chongichthys? Elopopsis Goulmimichthys Greenwoodella Kradimus Lebrunichthys Michin? Motlayoichthys Nardopiscis Pachyrhizodus Platinx Polcynichthys Rhacolepis Stanhopeichthys Tingitanichthys

†Ichthyodectiformes

Africathrissops Allothrissops Altamuraichthys Antarctithrissops Ascalabothrissops? Capassoichthys Carsothrissops Dugaldia Faugichthys Furloichthys Garganoichthys Gillicus Occithrissops Ogunichthys Pachythrissops? Prymnetes Sultanuvaisia Thrissops Verraesichthys
Chuhsiungichthyidae	Chuhsiungichthys Jinjuichthys Mesoclupea
Bardackichthyidae	Amakusaichthys? Bardackichthys Heckelichthys?
Cladocyclidae	Aidachar Chirocentrites Chiromystus Cladocyclus Cladocynodon Eubiodectes
Ichthyodectidae	Cooyoo Ghrisichthys Ichthyodectes Postredectes Xiphactinus
Saurodontidae	Gwawinapterus Prosaurodon Saurocephalus Saurodon Unamichthys Vallecillichthys

Crown-Teleostei

- see below↓

Xiphactinus audax

Crown-Teleostei

- see Elopomorpha

†Orthogonikleithridae

Osteoglossomorpha

- see Osteoglossomorpha

†Tselfatiiformes

Eoplethodus
Protobramidae	Abisaadichthys Eusebichthys Protobrama
Plethodidae	Bachea Bananogmius Concavotectum Dixonanogmius Enischnorhynchus Luxilites Martinichthys Moorevillia Niobrara Paranogmius Pentanogmius Plethodus Pseudonogmius Pseudothryptodus Rhamphoichthys Syntegmodus Thryptodus Tselfatia Zanclites

Otocephala
Euteleostei

Pentanogmius evolutus

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