Concavus

Concavus; Temporal range: Early Miocene–Early Pleistocene PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
	Fossil of Concavus concavus
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Thecostraca
Subclass:	Cirripedia
Order:	Balanomorpha
Family:	Balanidae
Subfamily:	Concavinae
Genus:	Concavus; Newman, 1982
Type species
	†Balanus concavus; Bronn, 1831

Concavus is a genus of barnacles.^[4]

Species

As of 2021^[update], WoRMS recognizes the following two species:^[4]

†Concavus concavus (Bronn, 1831)^[5]^[a] — Pliocene–early Pleistocene; Western Europe.^[1]
†Concavus crassostricola Zullo, 1984^[6] — Early Miocene; North Carolina and northern Florida.^[1]

Taxonomic history

The genus was circumscribed by William A. Newman in 1982. His original list of subgenera and species for the genus was the following:^[3]

Concavus Newman, 1982 genus
- Concavus Newman, 1982 subgenus
  - †C. concavus (Bronn, 1831)
- Menesiniella Newman, 1982 subgenus
  - C. (M.) aquila Pilsbry, 1916
  - C. (M.) regalis Pilsbry, 1916
- Arossia Newman, 1982 subgenus
  - C. (A.) panamensis (Rogers, 1948)
    - C. (A.) p. panamensis (Rogers, 1948)
    - C. (A.) p. eyerdami (Henry, 1960)
  - C. (A.) henryae Newman, 1982

Newman noted there were multiple fossil taxa in this genus, but didn't classify any except for the type species †C. concavus.^[3]

In 1992, Victor A. Zullo revised the genus. He created a new subfamily, Concavinae, with Tamiosoma Conrad, 1856 (the senior synonym of Menesiniella according to Zullo^[b]), Arossia and Concavus among its genera. With his revision, Concavus only consists of the two species C. concavus and C. crassostricola.^[1]

Fossil records

This genus is known in the fossil records from the Oligocene to the Quaternary (age range: from 28.4 to 0.012 million years ago). Fossils are found in the marine strata of United States, Italy, Mexico, Morocco, Algeria, France, Haiti, Madagascar, Panama, Colombia and Slovenia.^[7]

Notes

^ ^a ^b Urszula Radwańska and Andrzej Radwański argue this species's author citation should be Darwin, 1854.^[2]
^ As of 2017^[update], WoRMS recognizes both Tamiosoma and Menesiniella as valid, distinct genera.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Zullo, Victor A. (1992). "Revision of the Balanid Barnacle Genus Concavus Newman, 1982, with the Description of a New Subfamily, Two New Genera, and Eight New Species". Memoir (The Paleontological Society). 27: 1–46. JSTOR 1315604.
^ ^a ^b Radwańska, Urszula; Radwański, Andrzej (2008). "Eco-taphonomy of mass-aggregated giant balanids Concavus (Concavus) concavus (Darwin, 1854) from the Lower Pliocene (Zanclean) of Rafina near Pikermi (Attica, Greece)". Acta Geologica Polonica. 58 (1): 93–94.
^ ^a ^b ^c Newman, William A. (1982). "A Review of Extant Taxa of the "Group of Balanus concavus" (Cirripedia, Thoracica) and a Proposal for Genus-Group Ranks". Crustaceana. 43 (1): 25–36. doi:10.1163/156854082X00056. JSTOR 20103743.
^ ^a ^b ^c Chan, Benny K. K. (2021). "Concavus Newman, 1982". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 23 August 2021.
^ Bronn, Heinr. G. (1831). Italiens Tertiär-Gebilde und deren organische Einschlüsse. Heidelberg: Karl Gross. p. 127.
^ Zullo, Victor A. (1984). "New Genera and Species of Balanoid Barnacles from the Oligocene and Miocene of North Carolina". Journal of Paleontology. 58 (5): 1328–1330. JSTOR 1304855.
^ Fossilworks

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[Darwin-5] Urszula Radwańska and Andrzej Radwański argue this species's author citation should be Darwin, 1854.^[2]

[8] As of 2017^[update], WoRMS recognizes both Tamiosoma and Menesiniella as valid, distinct genera.

[Zullo,_1992-1] Zullo, Victor A. (1992). "Revision of the Balanid Barnacle Genus Concavus Newman, 1982, with the Description of a New Subfamily, Two New Genera, and Eight New Species". Memoir (The Paleontological Society). 27: 1–46. JSTOR 1315604.

[Radwanska_et_al.,_2008-2] Radwańska, Urszula; Radwański, Andrzej (2008). "Eco-taphonomy of mass-aggregated giant balanids Concavus (Concavus) concavus (Darwin, 1854) from the Lower Pliocene (Zanclean) of Rafina near Pikermi (Attica, Greece)". Acta Geologica Polonica. 58 (1): 93–94.

[Newman,_1982-3] Newman, William A. (1982). "A Review of Extant Taxa of the "Group of Balanus concavus" (Cirripedia, Thoracica) and a Proposal for Genus-Group Ranks". Crustaceana. 43 (1): 25–36. doi:10.1163/156854082X00056. JSTOR 20103743.

[WoRMS-4] Chan, Benny K. K. (2021). "Concavus Newman, 1982". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 23 August 2021.

[Bronn,_1831-6] Bronn, Heinr. G. (1831). Italiens Tertiär-Gebilde und deren organische Einschlüsse. Heidelberg: Karl Gross. p. 127.

[Zullo,_1984-7] Zullo, Victor A. (1984). "New Genera and Species of Balanoid Barnacles from the Oligocene and Miocene of North Carolina". Journal of Paleontology. 58 (5): 1328–1330. JSTOR 1304855.

[9] Fossilworks

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