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Convention on Certain Questions Relating to the Conflict of Nationality Laws

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Convention on Certain Questions Relating to the Conflict of Nationality Laws
  Signed and ratified
  Ascended or succeeded
  Denounced
  Signed but not ratified
EffectiveJuly 1, 1937 (1937-07-01)
LanguagesEnglish, French

The Convention on Certain Questions Relating to the Conflict of Nationality Laws (French: Convention concernant certaines questions relatives aux conflits de lois sur la nationalité) was a League of Nations convention adopted during the League of Nations Codification Conference, 1930 in The Hague. It was signed by many states, but ratified by only twenty-three.[1][2]

It was the first international attempt to ensure that all natural persons had a nationality, and to resolve some of the issues from conflict of possible nationalities. This was later refined by the 1961 Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness, the 1963 Convention on the Reduction of Cases of Multiple Nationality and on Military Obligations in Cases of Multiple Nationality and the 1997 European Convention on Nationality.[3]

Aspects of the convention have become "modern state practice" internationally, beyond the states that ratified the convention. For example, Articles 3 to 6 relating to the provision of diplomatic protection and assistance when a person with multiple citizenship is abroad are generally followed, often named the Master Nationality Rule, despite the absence of a treaty.[4][5]


Ratification

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Party State Date
 Belgium Ratified 4 April 1939 (1939-04-04)
 Brazil Ratified 19 September 1931 (1931-09-19)
 United Kingdom Ratified 6 April 1934 (1934-04-06)
 Canada Ratified 6 April 1934 (1934-04-06)
 Australia Ratified 10 November 1937 (1937-11-10)
 India Ratified 7 October 1935 (1935-10-07)
 China Ratified 14 February 1935 (1935-02-14)
 Monaco Acceded 27 April 1931 (1931-04-27)
 Netherlands Ratified 2 April 1937 (1937-04-02)
 Norway Acceded 16 March 1931 (1931-03-16)
 Poland Ratified 15 June 1934 (1934-06-15)
 Sweden Ratified 6 July 1933 (1933-07-06)
 Austria Signed
 Canada Denounced 15 May 1996 (1996-05-15)
 Cyprus Succeeded 27 March 1970 (1970-03-27)
 Eswatini Acceded 18 September 1970 (1970-09-18)
 Fiji Succeeded 15 May 1996 (1996-05-15)
 Kiribati Succeeded 29 November 1983 (1983-11-29)
 Lesotho Succeeded
 Liberia Acceded 16 September 2005 (2005-09-16)
 Malta Succeeded 16 August 1996 (1996-08-16)
 Mauritius Succeeded 18 July 1969 (1969-07-18)
 Pakistan Succeeded 29 July 1953 (1953-07-29)
 Zimbabwe Succeeded 1 December 1998 (1998-12-01)

Article 1

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The first article states that it is up to every state to set its own nationality laws; however, that that power is limited:[6]

It is for each State to determine under its own law who are its nationals. This law shall be recognised by other States in so far as it is consistent with international conventions, international custom, and the principles of law generally recognised with regard to nationality.

However, the Convention recognised that individual national laws without regarding the broader international scope could lead to statelessness. Citing that acquisition and loss of nationality typically occurred by birth, minority, or marriage, the convention made proposals to counter the rise of statelessness.[7]

References

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  1. ^ "Convention on Certain Questions relating to the Conflict of Nationality Laws". United Nations Treaty Series. United Nations. Archived from the original on 12 February 2024. Retrieved 30 July 2021.
  2. ^ Martin, David A. (October 27, 2004). "Dual Nationality: TR's 'Self-Evident Absurdity'" (lecture). University of Virginia School of Law. Archived from the original on 2011-12-17. Retrieved September 7, 2015.
  3. ^ Batchelor, Carol A. (1 January 1998). "Statelessness and the Problem of Resolving Nationality Status". International Journal of Refugee Law. 10 (1–2): 156–182. doi:10.1093/ijrl/10.1-2.156. Retrieved 12 January 2023.
  4. ^ Denza, Eileen (2018). "Nationality and Diplomatic Protection". Netherlands International Law Review. 65 (3). Eileen Denza: 463–480. doi:10.1007/s40802-018-0119-4. S2CID 150320796.
  5. ^ Taulbee, James Larry; von Glahn, Gerhard (2022). "9. Nationality". Law among Nations : an Introduction to Public International Law (12th ed.). Routledge. Dual Nationality. ISBN 9781000523584. Retrieved 20 February 2024.
  6. ^ "Text of the Convention" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-12-26. Retrieved 2017-08-07.
  7. ^ Samore, William (July 1951). "Statelessness as Result of Conflict of Nationality Laws". American Journal of International Law. 45 (3). Washington, D.C.: American Society of International Law: 476–494. doi:10.2307/2194545. ISSN 0002-9300. JSTOR 2194545. OCLC 7376579759. S2CID 147312560. Retrieved 25 March 2021 – via Cambridge Core.


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